| 释义 |
▪ I. gallery, n.|ˈgælərɪ|
Forms: 6 galary(e, 6–7 gallerie, 7 gallary, 6, 8 galery, 6– gallery.
[ad. F. galerie = Sp. galeria, Pg. galaria, It. galleria = med.L. galeria, of unknown origin.]
1. A covered space for walking in, partly open at the side, or having the roof supported by pillars; a piazza, portico, colonnade.
a1500Assembly Ladies 165 The galeryes right wonder wel y-wrought. 1533Bellenden Livy i. (1822) 67 To be edifyit..with tavernis and galaris [L. porticus], to sauf thaim fra somer schouris, or fra fervant hetis of the sone. 1594J. King Jonas xxvii. 358 Chrysippus, who was saide to proppe vp the gallery of the Stoickes. 1601Holland Pliny II. 496 This image of hers was set vp in the great gallery or publick walking-place of Metellus. 1648in Willis & Clark Cambridge (1886) I. 260 The rebuilding of y⊇ Gallery in y⊇ fellowes orchard. 1760tr. Keysler's Trav. II. 195 The vestry leads to the gallery or cloisters of the convent. 1796H. Hunter tr. St. Pierre's Stud. Nat. 1799 III. 729 There is in the gallery of the Tuilleries, on the right as you enter the gardens, an Ionic column.
2. a. A long, narrow platform or balcony, constructed on the outside of a building, at some elevation from the ground, and open in front except as having a balustrade or railing.
1509Fisher Serm. Hen. VII, Wks. (1876) 278 His walles and galaryes of grete pleasure. 1513More Rich. III, Wks. 65/1 Hee came foorth of his chamber, and yet not down vnto them, but stode aboue in a galarye ouer them. 1598Yong Diana 57 The Lady is in the gallerie ouer her garden, taking the fresh aire of the coole night. 1611Bible Ezek. xlii. 3 Ouer against the pauement which was for the vtter court, was gallerie against gallery in three stories. 1717Lady M. W. Montagu Let. to Mrs. Thistlethwayte 1 Apr., The first house has a large court before it, and open galleries all round it..This gallery leads to all the chambers. 1793Smeaton Edystone L. §24 The lantern for the lights, surrounded by a gallery or balcony. 1842Dickens Lett. (1880) I. 69 A wide handsome gallery outside every story. 1871L. Stephen Playgr. Europe iv. (1894) 94 We lounged lazily in the wooden gallery, smoking our pipes. 1894Daily News 26 Mar. 5/4 Our old coaching inns, with their roomy yards and railed galleries.
b. A similar passage on the roof of a house.
1535Coverdale 1 Kings vi. 10 He buylded a galery also aboue vpon the whole house fyue cubytes hye. 1832Tennyson Pal. Art 29 Round the roofs [ran] a gilded gallery That lent broad verge to distant lands.
c. Arch. A long narrow passage either made in the thickness of a wall, or supported on corbels, having its open side towards the interior of a building, and serving both for ornament and as a means of communication.
1756–7tr. Keysler's Trav. (1760) I. 391 A gallery which leads round the inside near the roof, from whence the church makes a beautiful appearance.
d. Naut. A balcony built outside the body of a ship, at the stern (stern-gallery), or at the quarters (quarter-gallery).
1627Capt. Smith Seaman's Gram. ii. 11 The Brackets are little carued knees to support the Galleries. 1679Lond. Gaz. No. 1393/1 During which time, our Quarter took fire, and burnt the Gallery, but we happily quencht it. 1720De Foe Capt. Singleton xviii. (1840) 315 As to her quarter, the carpenters made her a neat little gallery on either side. 1797Nelson in A. Duncan Life (1806) 41 A soldier..having broken the upper quarter-gallery window, I jumped in. 1806A. Duncan Nelson 37 From her poop and galleries, the enemy sorely annoyed..the British. 1872[Earl Pembroke & G. H. Kingsley] South Sea Bubbles i. 14 They lay under the stern gallery of the frigate.
†e. Aeronaut. An enclosed platform attached to a balloon to carry passengers. Obs.
1784London Chron. LVI. 1/3 Yesterday..an air balloon..was let off at Versailles... There was a large gallery fixed to it, in which were M. Charles, M. James, M. Montgolfier, and an Officer of the army. 1905G. Bacon Balloons ii. 28 Instead of a gallery to carry the passengers, as in the ‘Montgolfier’, a car shaped like a boat was suspended from the net.
3. A platform, supported by columns or brackets, projecting from the interior wall of a building, and serving e.g. to provide additional room for an audience.
a. gen.
1715S. Sewall Diary 4 Feb. (1882) III. 38 Mr. Hiller read it, out of the Council-Chamber Gallery. 1814Scott Wav. iii, The library..a large Gothic room, with double arches and a gallery. 1854Willis in Willis & Clark Cambridge (1886) III. 168 The proposed Museum..has a gallery running round.
b. In churches.
1630J. Taylor (Water P.) Wks. iii. 56/2 And twenty pound he gaue to build a Gallerie in the same Church. 1642Fuller Holy & Prof. St. ii. xiv. 103 As for out-lodgings (like galleries, necessary evils in populous Churches) he rather tolerates then approves them. 1690S. Sewall Diary 11 Sept. (1878) I. 330 Having also found that sitting so near the out-side of the House [sc. the meeting-house] causeth me in Winter⁓time to take cold in my head, I removed into the Gallery. 1712Prideaux Direct. Ch.-wardens (ed. 4) 38 If the Church-wardens would..make a new Gallery, or add anything else to the Church. 1868Milman St. Paul's xix. 494 My voice was heard distinctly in every part of the building, up to the western gallery. 1879Sir G. Scott Lect. Archit. I. 54 In churches of the same kind, however, we find the groined vault used to carry a gallery in the aisles.
c. In a theatre. Now spec. the highest of such projecting platforms, containing the cheapest seats.
1690Crowne Eng. Friar iv. Dram. Wks. 1874 IV. 84, I am..Governor o' the eighteen-penny gallery i' the play house. a1704T. Brown Prol. Persius Wks. 1730 I. 51, I, who never pass'd, as yet, The test of the misjudging pit; Nor i' th' galleries tickled Crowd. 1816Times 25 Jan. In what part of the theatre was the one-shilling gallery? 1838Dickens Nich. Nick. xxiv, The people were cracking nuts in the gallery.
d. In a senatorial chamber. Also ladies'-gallery, members'-gallery, press-gallery, strangers'-gallery.
1753Scots Mag. XV. 28/2 There are..strangers in our gallery. 1847Emerson Repr. Men, Napoleon Wks. (Bohn) I. 367 Dumont relates that he sat in the gallery of the Convention, and heard Mirabeau make a speech. 1897Lucy in Daily News 9 Apr. 7/2 News reached the Press Gallery to-night of the death of Mr. Doyle, one of the oldest members of the Press Gallery.
e. The part of a Friends' meeting-house occupied by the ministers or elders; gallery Friend, a Quaker minister or elder.
1802W. Matthews Recorder I. 121 The galleries of London. 1913Jrnl. Friends' Hist. Soc. Jan. 2 Jane Wigham.., the second wife of John Wigham, Tertius, was also a gallery Friend. 1921R. M. Jones Later Per. Quakerism I. 58 The phrases so characteristic of Molinos, Guyon, Fénelon..were heard everywhere in Quaker ‘galleries’.
4. transf.
a. The assemblage of persons who occupy the gallery portion of a theatre, the ‘gods’; formerly often in pl. Hence fig. the less refined or instructed portion of the public. to play the gallery: to act the part of gallery-spectators. to play to (or for) the gallery: to address oneself to those in the gallery (also fig.).
1649Lovelace Poems 77 He should have wove in one, two Comedies; The first for th' Gallery..Th' other for the Gentlemen oth' Pit. 1704J. Trapp Abra-Mulé Prol. 16 Nor bless the Gall'ries with the Sweets of Rhime. 1809Byron Bards & Rev. xxviii, Kenney's ‘World’..Tires the sad gallery, lulls the listless pit. 1870Echo 23 July 5/4 We were..constantly called in to ‘play the gallery’ to his witty remarks. 1872Standard 23 Oct. 5/4 His dispatches were, indeed, too long and too swelling in phrase; for herein he was always ‘playing to the galleries’. 1878Irving Stage 28 That same gallery which at first roared itself hoarse, while the play went on in dumb-show, became hushed in rapt admiration. 1890Scotsman 18 Aug., He [Mr. Blaine] was playing for his Irish gallery. 1892Law Times XCII. 156/1 We hope that..advocates will be courteous to judges, to opposing counsel, and to witnesses, and not play to the gallery. 1896Westm. Gaz. 10 June 4/2 The ‘gallery’ will be most interested in the three couples [of golf players].
b. The body of persons who occupy a public gallery in a senatorial chamber.
1817Parl. Deb. 568 He addressed himself principally to his friends on his right and left, and in so inaudible a voice that his remarks did not reach the gallery. 1844Ld. Brougham Brit. Const. ix. §2 (1862) 119 The mischief arose from suffering the galleries [of the French National Convention] to interfere with their plaudits or their hisses. 1849Macaulay Hist. Eng. II. 383 The Solicitor spoke at great length and with great acrimony, and was often interrupted by the clamours and hisses of the audience..The galleries were furious.
c. At écarté, the spectators who are betting on either player and are allowed to offer suggestions.
1890‘Berkeley’ Écarté & Euchre 28 French Écarté. When several persons desire to join in a game of Écarté, it is generally arranged in the following manner. Two of the number sit down to play a game in the usual way,..and the remainder, called ‘The Gallery’, are allowed to take part in the game to the extent of betting on the player of their choice, and advising him, if necessary. 1897R. F. Foster Complete Hoyle 255 Any person in the gallery is allowed to draw attention to errors in the score, and may advise the player he is backing, or even play out the game for him.
d. A group of spectators at a golf match or other game or sport. Also transf.
1891H. G. Hutchinson Hints on Golf (ed. 6) 71 If you rise to such heights of golfing powers as to attract a gallery. 1894Strand Mag. VIII. 661/2 One can do very well without a gallery when one is trying a new experiment on ‘ski’. 1899Captain II. 65/2 The gallery of white-robed spectators. 1906Westm. Gaz. 21 Sept. 4/2 It is virtually impossible for a player attended by a big ‘gallery’ to lose his ball. 1925J. Buchan John Macnab iii. 59 Sir Archie was aware that his style of jumping was not graceful and he was discomposed by this sudden gallery. 1970New Yorker 10 Oct. 183/1 The gallery had virtually won him the fourth set with a huge surge of support.
5. a. A long narrow apartment, sometimes serving as a means of access to other parts of a house; a corridor.
1541Barnes Wks. (1573) 210/1, I was brought afore my Lorde Cardinall into his galary, and there hee reade all myne articles. 1669in Willis & Clark Cambridge (1886) III. 326 The roofe of the said building to conteine and be devided into five roomes or gallaryes. 1711Steele Spect. No. 109 ⁋1 We were now arrived at the Upper⁓end of the Gallery, when the Knight faced towards one of the Pictures. 1828Scott F.M. Perth xii, Brother Cyprian, at the end of a long gallery, opened the door of a small apartment. 1868J. H. Blunt Ref. Ch. Eng. I. 95 A gallery communicating between his residence and the monastery.
b. A shooting-gallery (see shooting vbl. n. 8 b.).
1848Mrs. Gaskell Mary Barton II. ii. 33 Some workman with whom her son had made some arrangement about shooting at the gallery. 1897Sears, Roebuck Catal. 779/3 Gallery Targets.
6. An apartment or building devoted to the exhibition of works of art. (See also quot. 1950.)
1591Shakes. 1 Hen. VI, ii. iii. 37, Long time thy shadow hath been thrall to me, For in my Gallery thy Picture hangs. 1625Bacon Ess. Friendship (Arb.) 165 For a Crowd is not Company; And Faces are but a Gallery of Pictures..where there is no Loue. 1638Junius Paint. Ancients 339 A Gallery in the suburbs of Naples, looking toward the West, which was richly furnished with many good pieces. 1782Sir J. Reynolds Disc. xi. (1842) 198 In going through a gallery where there were many portraits of the last ages. 1818Byron Ch. Har. iv. lxi, For I have been accustom'd to entwine My thoughts with nature rather in the fields Than Art in galleries. 1847Emerson Poems, Day's Ration, Why need I galleries, when a pupil's draught After the master's sketch fills and o'erfills My apprehension? 1883Ld. Cairns in Standard 9 May 2/5 The galleries would not be kept open after six o'clock. 1950Manch. Guardian Weekly 12 Oct. 15/1 In general in the United States a ‘gallery’ is a place that shows paintings and sells them, a ‘museum’ is one that simply shows them.
7. a. Mil. and Mining. An underground passage, horizontal or nearly so; a level or drift.
1631Prempart Siege Busse 7 Counte Ernst..was advised by his Ingener..to make a great Gallerie directly vpon the Citie from the letter N. 1659Hammond On Ps. cxxxix. 1–5 Paraphr. 673 A man can no more escape or march undiscovered out of a city the most closely besieged, when the galleries are prepared. 1711Mil. & Sea Dict. (ed. 4), Galery,..also us'd for the Branch of a Mine, that is, a narrow Passage under Ground, leading to the Mine that is carry'd on under any Work design'd to be blown up. 1799Kirwan Geol. Ess. 249 The basalt reposed on clay, into which a gallery was worked without meeting the basalt. 1838Lytton Leila i. v, Till he came at length into a narrow, dark, and damp gallery, that seemed cut from the living rock. 1853Ure Dict. Arts II. 175 The most ordinary dimensions of galleries [in mines] are a yard wide and two yards high. 1884Manch. Exam. 22 Feb. 5/2 The air is carried along to the extremities of the workings in galleries constructed of canvas, technically known as brattice cloth.
b. Mil. (See quot. 1704.) ? Obs.
1704Harris Lex. Techn., Gallery, in Fortification, is a covered Walk, the Sides whereof are Musket-proof, consisting of a double Row of Planks lined with Plates of Iron..These Galleries are frequently made use of in the Moat already filled with Faggots and Bavins, to the end that the Miner may approach safe to the face of the Bastion, when the Artillery of the opposite Flank is dismounted. 1711Mil. & Sea Dict. (ed. 4), Galery, a Passage made across the Ditch of a Town besieg'd, with Timbers fastened on the Ground and plank'd over. 1716Lond. Gaz. No. 5476/1 The Heads of the Bridges, or Galleries, over the Ditch of the Palank, had been damaged.
†c. Mil. A ‘lane’ or open space between ranks or bodies of men.
1591Garrard Art Warre 212 The spaces, intervalles, galeries and passages, which are amongst the ranks..do serue [etc.].
8.
†a. A passage made by a deer, etc. through brushwood (obs.; cf. entry 7 c).
b. A passage made by an animal underground, or through a rock.
1674N. Cox Gentl. Recreat. (1677) 68 If you would know the height and thickness of the Hart, observe his Entries and Galleries into the Thickets, and what Boughs he hath over-stridden. 1849Murchison Siluria iii. 40 The..galleries made by Crustaceans.
9. Real Tennis. (See quot. 1878.) winning-gallery, the opening most remote from the dedans or service-side.
1699Boyer Compl. Fr. Master iv. Fam. Dial., J'ay mis sa Balle dans le petit trou, ou dans la Galerie. I put his Ball into the Hazard, or the Gallery. 1829Lond. Encycl. in Blaine's Rur. Sports (1840) 133 Upon the entrance of a tennis court there is a long gallery which goes to the dedans, that is, a kind of front gallery, into which, whenever a ball is struck, it tells for a certain stroke. This long gallery is divided into different compartments or galleries, each of which has its particular name. 1878J. Marshall Ann. Tennis 157 Galleries, the openings beneath the side-pent⁓house, including the first, second, and last galleries, the door, and the line-opening, on each side of the net. Ibid. 183 Every ball which either falls short or enters a gallery (except always the winning-gallery) counts for nothing.
10. An ornamental parapet or railing running along the edge of a table, shelf, or the like.
1853Cabinet-maker's Assistant ii. 35 Writing Tables..The centre shelf should be hinged at the back... The gallery may either be of fret-work or of bronze.
11. In a lamp: A bevelled ring for supporting a globe or shade.
12. attrib. and Comb.
a. simple attrib., as (sense 1) gallery-walks; (sense 2, 3) gallery-stairs; (sense 3 b) gallery-critic, gallery-door, gallery-keeper; (sense 3 c, d) gallery boy, gallery girl, gallery god, gallery goddess, (twopenny) gallery-man, gallery queue, gallery ticket; (sense 6) gallery-attendant, gallery-exhibition, gallery-goer, gallery-picture, gallery-trotter; (sense 7) gallery-case, gallery-frame; also gallery-like adj.b. Special comb., as gallery camera (see quot. 1968); gallery forest = fringing forest; gallery-furnace (see quot.); gallery grave, a tunnel-shaped megalithic tomb; gallery-hit, a piece of showy play (primarily by a batsman in cricket) intended to gain applause from uncritical spectators; so gallery-hitting; gallery-ladder (see quot.); gallery-play, playing to the gallery (see sense 4 a above); showy play designed to gain applause; also fig.; gallery-post Real Tennis (see quot.); gallery-practice, indoor photography; gallery-road, ‘an artificial roadway constructed on piles’ (Cent. Dict.); gallery-shot, -stroke (cf. gallery-hit).
1895M. H. Judge in M.H.J. & Lord's Day Act (1897) 30 So far as the actual *gallery attendants are concerned.
1887Courier-Journal (Louisville, Ky.) 3 Feb. 1/4 The *gallery boys stood up and again and again clapped their hands. 1911Beerbohm Zuleika D. ii. 15 All the gallery-boys..were scornful of the sweethearts wedged between them.
1964E. Chambers Camera & Process Work iv. 26 (caption) Elevation and plan of a *gallery camera. 1968Gloss. Terms Offset Lithogr. Printing (B.S.I.) 13 Gallery camera, a camera in which the photographic material is transported from the darkroom to the camera in a dark slide.
1851J. S. Macaulay Field Fortif. 229 Making gabions, fascines, blind-frames, and *gallery cases.
1784Cowper Task ii. 365 Transforms old print To zigzag manuscript, and cheats the eyes Of *gallery critics by a thousand arts.
1480Wardrobe Accts. Edw. IV (Nicolas 1830) 127 For a holowe key for the *galary dore of the same Wardrobe viij d.
1857Ruskin Pol. Econ. Art ii. (1868) 129 There is one disadvantage attached necessarily to *gallery exhibition, namely, the extent of mischief which may be done by one foolish curator.
1920A. H. Unwin W. Afr. Forests vii. 130 Hexalobus morepetalus... Grows to large tree in *Gallery Forests—small in Savannah. 1937Discovery Apr. 100/2 The savannah country, into which the gallery forests, with their accompanying forest-frequenting birds, shoot out long tongues—remnants of a once continuous forested area.
1927E. Wallace Feathered Serpent xiii. 169 You'll probably be pulled up by *gallery girls who want autographs.
1851J. S. Macaulay Field Fortif. 190 The false frame..is a little shorter and wider than the *gallery-frames.
1881Raymond Mining Gloss., *Gallery-furnace, a retort-furnace used in the distillation of mercury.
1851*Gallery god [see god n. 4].
1812*Gallery Goddess [see god n. 4].
1888Pall Mall G. 22 May 5/2 There are several minor collections on show at the present time worth the attention of the *gallery goer.
1937Proc. Prehist. Soc. III. 86 The brilliance of the Breton passage grave culture has long obscured the existence of *gallery graves in Brittany. 1963G. Daniel in Foster & Alcock Culture & Environment ii. 14 Suggesting that it was in the area from south Finistère to the Vendée were found the tombs most likely to be the prototypes of the Gallery Graves and Transepted Gallery Graves and Rectangular Chambers of south Wales.
1882Cassell, *Gallery-hit.
1888W. G. Grace in Steel & Lyttleton Cricket ix. (Badm.) 307 On such a wicket as this do not go in for lofty and ‘*gallery’ hitting.
1682Whitelocke Mem. Chas. I, 16 Dec. an. 1645 Thirty Pounds given to the *Gallery-keepers at St. Margaret's Church.
1706Phillips (ed Kersey) s.v. Ladders, The *Gallery-Ladder, made of Ropes, and hung over the Galleries and Stern, for ent'ring by the Ship's Stern out of the Boat, when the Weather is foul.
1796C. Smith Marchmont I. 259 The *gallery-like passage that led to the stairs.
1607Beaum. & Fl. Woman-Hater Prol., I do pronounce this, to the utter discomfort of all two-penny *Gallery men. 1897Lucy in Daily News 9 Apr. 7/2 He was familiarly known to more than one generation of Gallery-men.
1871F. Gale Echoes Cricket Fields v. 23 Frequent useless appeals to the umpire, a practice which Nyren condemned as being what we now call ‘*gallery play’. 1899Westm. Gaz. 31 Jan. 7/2 A weak opposition, evidently disposed to indulge in ‘gallery’ play. a1914J. E. Raphael Mod. Rugby Football (1918) vi. 107 ‘Gallery play’ should only be resorted to as a last desperate resource. 1916‘Boyd Cable’ Action Front 121 You've..done good work for your first show; don't spoil it with rank gallery play. 1923Kipling Land & Sea Tales 21 In the Great War there was very little suspicion, or chance, of gallery play for the V.C.
1878J. Marshall Ann. Tennis 157 *Gallery-post, the post which separates a gallery from the gallery next beyond it.
1891Anthony's Photogr. Bull. IV. 168 The so-called professional, who has been trained in the routine of *gallery practice.
1934A. P. Herbert Holy Deadlock 143 Nobody in the *gallery queue would have recognised their Mary Moon.
1894Farmer Slang, *Gallery shot. 1897Pall Mall Mag. Nov. 401 It is a gallery shot in a sense..for the bird is flying level.
1616in Crt. & Times Jas. I (1849) I. 435 The king..stood on the *gallery stairs at Whitehall to see the prince come along from Richmond. 1856Chamb. Jrnl. 11 Oct. 226/2 The gallery-stairs of a theatre.
1789Loiterer 18 Apr. 5 A woman who pawned her prayer book for a *gallery ticket. 1833R. Dyer 9 Yrs. of Actor's Life 137 His actors being..the companions of any who are likely to take a gallery ticket.
1883Pall Mall G. 1 Sept. 5/1 A reminder to bewildered ‘*gallery-trotters’ of the pictures they have seen in the various exhibitions of the season.
1553N. Grimalde Cicero's Offices ii. (1558) 98 b, Sightcourtes, *galerywalkes, and new churches, the more reuerently I finde fault with, for Pompeyus sake.
Hence ˈgalleryful, as much as a gallery will hold; ˈgalleryite, one who occupies a seat in a gallery.
1885Art Jrnl. 126/1 Where a work contains as much teaching as a whole galleryful its rightful place is by itself. 1894Du Maurier Trilby ii. 93 A whole galleryful of fiddles. 1895Westm. Gaz. 18 Sept. 8/2 Surely, the galleryites, or, rather, playgoers generally, are not infallible in their judgment?
Add: [c indigo][3.] f.[/c] The control room of a television studio.
1960D. Davis Grammar of Television Production 59 Control room (Gallery), the room from which the director governs and controls the rehearsals and performance. 1982A. Road Dr. Who: Making of TV Series 13/1 Peter Moffatt prefers to preside from the gallery, where he can see from the bank of monitors before him the alternative pictures available at any moment.
▪ II. gallery, v.|ˈgælərɪ|
[f. gallery n.]
1. trans. To furnish with a balcony or gallery.
1616Sir R. Boyle Diary in Lismore Papers (1886) I. 138 Which [sum] I bestowd to have the Church of Tallagh galleried round about. Ibid. 139 Thomas Carter..delivered Mr. Langredg of my money vli ster. to begyn the galleryng of the church at Tallagh. 1888Pall Mall G. 12 Sept. 8/2 The Place Victor Emmanuel was galleried round with seats for 20,000 people. 1894Speaker 12 May 524/2 The..benchers plastered it and pewed it and galleried it.
b. Mil. To make an underground passage.
1808J. Barlow Columb. vii. 627 Their mining arts the staunch besiegers ply, Delve from the bank of York and gallery far, Deep subterranean, to the mount of war.
2. intr. nonce-use. To ‘take’ with, or appeal to, the audience in a theatre-gallery.
1672,1831[see box v.1 11]. |