| 释义 |
▪ I. troth, n. arch.|trəʊθ, trɒθ, trɔːθ|
Forms: α. 2–5 trowþe, 3 (Orm.) trowwþe, 3–5 trouþe, 4–5 trowþ, trowthe, 4–6 trouthe, 4–6 (Sc. 4–) trowth, trouth, 5 trouþ, (trowith, -yth, 5–6 trougth, 6 trowgthe, trough). (Also 4 troutht, trout, troght, 4–6 trought(e, 6 trowht, trouht; 4 throwth, throut, 5 throuth, throughte.) β. 5 trothe, 6–7 troath, 6– troth. γ. 4 trawþe, trauþ(e, 5 trauthe, trawethe, 5–6 trawth(e.
[Early ME. trowþe, trouþe, for OE. tréowþ, truth, app. due to the shifting of éo to eó, with subsequent loss of the unaccented e. Cf. trow v., and the development of ME. and mod. four from OE. féower, and of ME. fourti, and forty from OE. féowertiᵹ. Trowth, troth were thus originally phonetic variants of OE. tréowþ, truth, which hardly survived the 16th c. except as midland and northern dialect forms, and in special archaic locutions as ‘to plight one's troth’, ‘wedded troth’, ‘by’ or ‘upon my troth’, and in some combinations, as trothless, troth-plighted. Cf. also betroth. Trawthe, trauth are specially northern forms in which aw, au take the place of ow, ou. They are cited in the English Dialect Dictionary from Yorkshire.]
I.
1. Faithfulness, good faith, loyalty; honesty: = truth n. 1, 4. ? Obs.
αc1175Pater Noster 42 in Lamb. Hom. 57 Mid al þis haue þu charite and soðfeste leaue and trowðe lef. a1275Prov. ælfred 506 in O.E. Misc. 132 On him þu maist þe tresten, ȝif is trowþe deȝh. c1325Spec. Gy Warw. 1033 To serue hym [Christ] and hys moder dere In trowþe, loue, and in charite. 1340–70Alex. & Dind. 910 For-þy vs kenneþ our kinde to a-corde in trowþe. 1448Hen. VI Will in Willis & Clark Cambridge (1886) I. 379 His high trought and feruent zele. 1474Caxton Chesse ii. iv. (1883) 48 He knewe well the trouth of his felawe. a1548Hall Chron., Hen. VI 164 Many thynges..declared the duke of Yorkes trought and innocencye in this case.
β1568Grafton Chron. II. 766 The Lord Hastings, whose troth towarde the king no man doubted. 1620J. Wilkinson Courts Leet 139, I shall sweare that I will bee true liege man and true faith and troth beare to our soveraigne lord the king. 1664Butler Hud. ii. ii. 227 These thinking they're obliged to Troth In Swearing, will not take an Oath. 1866Neale Sequences & Hymns 130 Wedded troth remains as firm, and wedded love as pure. 1905C. Whitley in Disraeli's Bentinck Introd. 15 His..followers lacked either troth or cordiality.
b. by (rarely upon) my troth, as a form of asseveration. See also truth 1 b.
αc1374Chaucer Troylus v. 1001 If þat I sholde of any Grek han rouþe, It shulde be youre seluen, by my trouþe. 14..Beryn 116 Kit, how likith the? Be my trowith, wondir wele. c1518Skelton Magnyf. 1669 Ye, by my trouthe, I shall waraunt you. 1564in Child-Marriages 64 Bie my faith and trouth, I will marry the.
β1555in Foxe A. & M. (1576) 1604/2 No, by my troth my Lord, we can do no good. 1599Shakes. Much Ado ii. iii. 103 By my troth my Lord, I cannot tell what to thinke of it. 1704Swift Batt. Bks. Misc. (1711) 236 By my Troth, said the Bee, the Comparison will amount to a very good Jest. 1820Combe Consol. ii. (Chandos) 158 Nay, if you swear, Sir, by my troth, The Echo will repeat the oath. a1839Praed Everyday Char., Quince 45 Old Quince averred, upon his troth, They were the ugliest beasts in Devon.
γ13..E.E. Allit. P. B. 63 On hade boȝt hym a borȝ he sayde by his trawþe. c1400Destr. Troy 1749 And now is tyme, by my trauthe, to take it on hond.
2. One's faith as pledged or plighted in a solemn agreement or undertaking; one's plighted word; the act of pledging one's faith, a promise, covenant. Chiefly in phr. to plight one's troth, to pledge one's faith; to make a solemn promise or engagement; spec. to engage oneself to marry. = truth 2.
αa1225Ancr. R. 54 Þerefter of þen ilke weren trouðen tobrokene. Ibid. 310 Pepigimus cum morte fedus..we habbeð trouðe ipluht deaðe. 1303R. Brunne Handl. Synne 8360–1 Trouþe þat men alle day breke,..fals trouþes, and fykyl,..are ȝyue mechyl. c1386Chaucer Frankl. T. 746 Ye shul youre trouthe holden. c1430–40Anturs of Arth. 465 (Thornton MS.) Here my trouthe I ȝow plyghte, I salle feghte withe ȝone knyghte. a1440Sir Eglam. 246 ‘Ȝys’, seyde the erle, ‘here myn honde!’ Hys trowthe to hym he strake. 1543–4Act 35 Hen. VIII, c. 12 The..Frenche King nothing regarding his honor, othe, trouthe, promyse, and fidelitie. 1552Huloet, Plyght fayeth and trougth in matrimonye, sponso. 1564in Child-Marriages 201 Therapon they plightid their trouthes together, and kissed together, and after dronk, and made mery.
βc1420Anturs of Arth. xxxvi. (Ireland MS.), I wille countur with the knyȝte,..Ther-to my trothe y the plyȝte. 1515Acc. Ld. High Treas. Scot. V. 36 Item, to David Cameroun for to pas to the day of troth, and erandis to the Lord Dakkir, to his expensis, xlij s. 1578T. N. tr. Conq. W. India 7 She demaunded him as hir husband by faith and troth of hand. 1600Holland Livy xxi. vii. 397 They observed their troth and loyaltie with their allies. 1724Ramsay Tea-t. Misc. (1733) II. 149 Give me back my maiden-vow And give me back my troth. 1848Lytton Harold vi. i, Gryffyth will never keep troth with the English. 1872Yeats Techn. Hist. Comm. 188 Betrothal rings, set with pearls and gems, were worn by maidens who had plighted their troth.
γc1375Cursor M. 3240 (Fairf.) Of þi trauþ I make þe free. c1400Destr. Troy 1749 And now [is] tyme, by my trauthe, to take it on hond. Ibid. 10110 Vntrew of his trawth trust neuer after. c1420Avow. Arth. xxx, Ther-to grawuntus the knyȝte, And truly his trauthe pliȝte.
†3.
a. Faith, trust, confidence. (Cf. truth 3 a.)
αc1200Ormin 4015 He wass Drihhtin swiþe lef Þurrh trowwþess rihhtwisnesse. Ibid. 18857 Hæþenn trowwþe on hæþenn Godd. a1300Cursor M. 2387 (Cott.) Abram þat o trouth was tru. 13..Ibid. 18678 (Gött.) Þair mistrovth..Es strinthing of vr troght to-day. a1400Religious Pieces fr. Thornton MS. (1867) 10 Þe firste vertu es trouthe wharethurghe we trow anely in Godd... Trouthe es begynnynge of all gude dedis. c1425Wyntoun Cron. vi. xviii. 2205 Makbeth aye In fantown fretis had gret fay, And trowth had in swylk fantasy.
γc1375Cursor M. 2525 (Fairf.) Abraham þat was in trauþe strange.
†b. Belief; spec. a form of religious belief, a creed. (Cf. truth 3 b.) Obs.
c1200Ormin 1347 Ȝiff þatt tu willt..Wiþþ fulle trowwþe lefenn Al þæt tatt wass bitacnedd tær. Ibid. 6953 Forrþi þatt teȝȝ þatt time Ȝet unnderrstodenn littleswhatt Off all þe rihhte trowwþe. a1340Hampole Psalter i. 6 Fals cristen men, þat has þe trouth of ihū crist withouten luf & goed werkes. 1340― Pr. Consc. 4228 Þai lyved in fals trowthe. c1375Lay Folks Mass Bk. (MS. B.) 414 þis is þo trouthe of holy kirk. c1400Mandeville (Roxb.) xxxiv. 154 If all þai be of diuerse lawes and diuerse trowyngs, þai hafe sum gude poyntes of oure trowth. 1481Caxton Myrr. iii. xii. 159 In this only veryte, he [Plato] preuyd the right trouthe, ffor he preued his power, his wisedom, and his goodnes..that is the fader, the sone, and the holy goste.
II.
†4. Truth, in various senses: see truth 5–14.
αc1300Cursor M. 22789 (Edin.) Of þis trowþe hard es trowþe to find. 13..Ibid. 18710 (Cott.) He badd..his disciplis..Oueral þis werld his trouth to teche. c1386Chaucer Man of Law's T. 532 He wolde enquere Depper in this, a trouthe for to lere. 1387Trevisa Higden (Rolls) III. 221 God..is cause of al þing..and liȝt of sooþnesse, and of trowþe [v.rr. trouthe, truthe], and welle of grace. 1390Gower Conf. III. 151 Hou so that the cause wende, The trouthe is schameles ate ende. c1400Apol. Loll. 13 In two maner of þing, is [a man] seid iust; first sympli, or after trowþ... In þe secound maner..onli in name. 14..in Babees Bk. (1868) 332 Deame þee best in euery doute Tyl þe trouthe be tryed oute. 1422tr. Secreta Secret., Priv. Priv. 211 He sholde bene sothefaste in worde and dedd, and lowe throuth abowe al thynge, and hate lesynge. 1436Pol. Poems (Rolls) II. 204 Go furthe, libelle,..And pray my lordes the to take in grace.., if that not variaunce Thow haste fro troughte. 1470–85Malory Arthur i. iii. 38 Telle me the trouthe... Syre saide she I shalle telle you the trouthe... That is trouthe..as ye say. a1533Ld. Berners Huon cxxxix. 521, I shall neuer haue ioye..tyll I maye knowe the trought. 1545Plumpton Corr. (Camden) 250 Send forth your excuse..with a letter of the trough of your sicknes. 1593Queen Elizabeth Boethius v. pr. i. 103 Aristotle..hath defynd it [chance] in a neere reason to breefenes & trouth.
β1538Starkey England i. ii. 30 Thys ys of trothe. 1553T. Wilson Rhet. (1580) 173 When perfite iudgement is wantyng, the trothe can not be knowne. 1600Holland Livy xxiv. xxx. 529 They reported other newes besides, as well lies as troths. 1663Cowley Country Mouse 56 Plainly, the troth to tell, the Sun was set.
γ13..E.E. Allit. P. A. 494 For al is trawþe þat he con dresse, And he may do no þynk bot ryȝt. Ibid. B. 1490 Hit [the sacred candlestick] watz..wont..in temple of þe trauþe trwly to stonde. c1420Sir Amadace (Camden) xxix, Butte the trauthe fulle litulle thay wote. 1432–50tr. Higden (Rolls) III. 221 The philosophres knowenge the trawthe of God profite moche to the cognicion of trawthe. 1504Plumpton Corr. (Camden) p. lxiv, All that ys afore rehersed..we wyll..yf nede be, depely depose afore the kynge and hys counsell, that yt is matter of trawth.
b. in troth (arch.), † of (a) troth (obs.): truly, verily, indeed: = in truth, of (a) truth (truth 14).
αa1380Pistill of Susan 187 Heo was in trouþe, as we trowe, tristi and trewe. c1475Partenay 1568 Many merueles of trought cam ther ryght. 1508Fisher Penit. Ps. xxxviii. Wks. (1876) 60 This of a trouth is a grete mysery wherof..Dauyd maketh his complaynte. 1546J. Heywood Prov. & Epigr. (1867) 50 But of trough I thought, better to haue then wishe. 1789Burns To Dr. Blacklock ii, I lippen'd to the chiel in trouth.
βa1566R. Edwards Damon & Pithias (1571) B j, Tell me of troth, Is not that great Wisdom as the world goth? 1607Shakes. Cor. i. iii. 118 In troth I thinke she would. 1660R. Coke Power & Subj. 205 Divers sums of money (which in troath were the oblations and offerings). 1727Gay Begg. Op. i. viii, A mighty likely speech in troth. 1756Foote Eng. fr. Paris i. Wks. 1799 I. 98 In gude troth, not a mighty booty.
γ1432–50tr. Higden (Rolls) II. 365 The faders of whom were not knowen in trawthe.
c. Also ellipt. or as int. = truth 14 c. arch.
α1719Ramsay To Arbuckle 48 And trouth I think they're in the right on't. 1728― A Character iv, And trowth the picture I have drawn Is very like. 1786Burns Brigs of Ayr 129 Fine Architecture, trowth, I needs must say't o't.
β1603Shakes. Meas. for M. iii. ii. 60 Troth sir, shee hath eaten vp all her beefe, and she is her selfe in the tub. a1627Middleton, etc. Widow ii. i, Troth, and I would have my will then, if I were as you. 1741Richardson Pamela (1824) I. xxiii. 34 Troth, sir, said he,..I never knew her peer. 1843Lytton Last Bar. i. i, ‘Troth’, answered Master Heyford [etc.].
III. 5. attrib. and Comb., as troth-breaker, troth-breaking, troth-keeping, troth-kiss, troth-ring; troth-contracted, troth-like, troth-telling adjs.
1648Herrick Hesper., To His Mistresse ii, Promise, and keep your vowes, Or vow ye never; Loves doctrine disallowes *Troth-breakers ever.
13..Cursor M. 26234 (Cott.) Fals wijtnes and *trouth breking. 1464Paston Lett. II. 159 Master Constantyn sewyd hym for feyth and trowth brekyng.
1633Ford Broken H. ii. iii, Intercourse of *troth-contracted loves.
1605Verstegan Dec. Intell. viii. (1628) 253 A mouth of *troth-keeping or loyaltie.
1844Mrs. Browning Brown Rosary ii. 64, I was betrothed that day; I wore a *troth-kiss on my lips, I could not give away.
1544Betham Precepts War ii. xl. K viij, Such other thynges are to be feyned, whyche appere *trouthlyke.
1856Mrs. Browning Aur. Leigh ix. 100, I had sooner cut My hand off (though 't were..promised a duke's *troth-ring).
1673Wycherley Gentl. Dancing-Master iv. i, The *troth-telling Trojan gentlewoman of old was ne'er believed till the town was taken.
▪ II. troth, v. Obs. or arch.
[f. troth n. or aphetic f. betroth v.]
trans. To plight one's troth to; to engage in a contract, esp. of marriage: = betroth 1, 2, 4 a. Hence ˈtrothed ppl. a., ˈtrothing vbl. n. and ppl. a. (See also truth v. 2.)
1422tr. Secreta Secret., Priv. Priv. 190 A gentill-man of the contrey had hyr trouthid. 1565Cooper Thesaurus, Coemptio,..a solemnitie of the ciuill lawe where the woman and man commyng together at a trothyng, as it were, bye one the other. 1567Drant Horace, Epistles ii. ii. H iv, Too Orators..th' one was to the other, In mutuall prayse for both their gaynes a faste ytrothed brother. 1599Shakes. Much Ado iii. i. 38 So saies the Prince, and my new trothed Lord. 1605Tryall Chev. ii. i. in Bullen O. Pl. III. 288, I scorne..to give answere to such a trothing question. 1893F. Thompson Love in Dian's Lap i. Poems 4, I reach back through the days A trothed hand to the dead. |