| 释义 |
▪ I. trophy, n.|ˈtrəʊfɪ|
Forms: 6–7 trophe, -ee, -ey, -æ, (6 -æe), 7 -ea, -ie, -ye, (tropee, -æe), 7– trophy. See also tropæum.
[a. F. trophée (15th c. in Hatz.-Darm.), ad. post-cl.L. trophæum, cl.L. tropæum, ad. Gr. τρόπαιον, neut. of τροπαῖος, f. τροπή turning, putting to flight, defeat.]
1. Gr. and Rom. Antiq. A structure erected (originally on the field of battle, later in any public place) as a memorial of a victory in war, consisting of arms or other spoils taken from the enemy, hung upon a tree, pillar, etc. and dedicated to some divinity. Hence applied to similar monuments or memorials in later times.
1550T. Nichols Thucydides i. 36 The Athenians dyd make and set vp their Trophe or signe of victorye, pretending to haue had the better. 1638Junius Paint. Ancients 145 Religion..hindering the Rhodians to deface this monument, because dedicated tropæes might not be removed. 1697Dryden æneid vii. 254 Around the posts hung helmets, darts, and spears, And captive chariots, axes, shields, and bars, And broken beaks of ships, the trophies of their wars. 1700Prior Carmen Seculare 369 Let every Sacred Pillar bear Trophies of Arms, and Monuments of War. 1776Gibbon Decl. & F. ii. (1788) I. 45 Alexander erected the Macedonian trophies on the banks of the Hyphasis. a1854H. Reed Lect. Eng. Hist. iv. (1855) 146 The banners of the ships of Spain hung out as trophies from the battlements of the Cathedral of St. Paul. 1881Jowett Thucyd. I. 159 The Athenians..raised a trophy on the place from which they had just sailed out to their victory.
b. transf. A painted or carved figure of such a memorial; by extension, an ornamental or symbolic group of any objects, or a representation of such a group in decorative art.
1634Sir T. Herbert Trav. 64 The Trophies of his Ormus Victory..painted in Gold..wherein are set downe..the assaults and massacres of the Ormusians. 1688Lond. Gaz. No. 2363/4 A Steel Sword, the Hilt cut with Trophies, the Trophies black, the Ground inlaid with Gold. 1716Lady M. W. Montagu Let. to C'tess Mar 14 Sept., Near the Empress was a gilded trophy wreathed with flowers. 1753Chambers Cycl. Supp., Trophy, in architecture, an ornament which represents the trunk of a tree, charged..with arms or military weapons. 1848Thackeray Bk. Snobs xxvi, His gorget, sash, and sabre of the Horse Marines, with his boot-hooks underneath in a trophy.
2. a. transf. Anything taken in war, or in hunting, etc.; a spoil, prize: esp. if kept or displayed as a memorial. Also fig.
1513Douglas æneis xi. iv. 75 For all the Tuscane menȝe..Greyt trophe and rich spulȝe hyddir bringis. 1599B. Jonson Cynthia's Rev. i. ii, That trophæe of selfe-loue, and spoile of nature. 1612Drayton Poly-olb. iv. 317 For a Trophy brought the Giants coat away, Made of the beards of Kings. 1681J. Flavel Right. Man's Ref. x. 244 They are..not left as a prey and trophy to their enemy. 1788Gibbon Decl. & F. lxiii. (1846) III. 580 A defeat and a wound were the only trophies of his expedition. 1810Scott Lady of L. i. xxvii, All around, the walls to grace, Hung trophies of the fight or chase. 1860Maury Phys. Geog. Sea (Low) xiv. §586 It was upon this plateau that Brooke's sounding apparatus brought up its first trophies from the bottom of the sea. 1895J. G. Millais Breath fr. Veldt (1899) 322 Sable antelope, the heads of which are, to my thinking, the finest trophies that Africa produces.
b. fig. Anything serving as a token or evidence of victory, valour, power, skill, etc.; a monument, memorial.
1569Spenser Vis. Bellay xi, She raisde a Trophee ouer all the worlde. 1644Milton Areop. (Arb.) 31 Whereof this whole Discourse..will be a certaine testimony, if not a Trophey. 1661Secretary Nicholas Let. 18 Nov. in Remembrancia (London, Town Clerk's Office), The officers of the Trained Bands of the City had been put to great expense and charges in providing themselves with trophies and other necessaries. 1675Traherne Chr. Ethics 397 Hands, hearts, and souls, our victories, And spoils, and trophies, our own joyes! 1750Gray Elegy 38 If Mem'ry o'er their Tomb no Trophies raise. 1847Emerson Poems, Ode to Beauty 89 The leafy dell, the city mart, Equal trophies of thine art. 1871Macduff Mem. Patmos xxi. 292 The triumphs and trophies of intellect.
3. attrib. and Comb., as trophy-badge, trophy-bearer, trophy decoration (see 1 b), trophy flag, trophy-hunter, trophy-hunting, trophy-work; trophy-cress = trophywort; trophy-lock, ‘a lock of hair cut from the head of a slain enemy, used to adorn a weapon or shield’ (Cent. Dict. 1891); trophy-money, trophy-tax, a tax formerly levied in each county for incidental expenses connected with the militia, etc.; now only in the City of London as an annual payment met out of Rates Funds, and distributed to the various City Territorial and Volunteer Reserve units: see quot. 1727–41, and cf. quot. 1661 in 2 b; trophy-wort, a book-name for the genus Tropæolum.
1891Westermarck Hist. Human Marr. (1894) 172 Many ornaments are really nothing but *trophy-badges.
1614T. White Martyrd. St. George C iij b, Thou..the..name dost gaine Of *Trophee-bearer.
1888Cassell's Encycl. Dict., *Trophy-cress, the genus Tropæolum.
1891Cent. Dict. s.v. Decoration, *Trophy decoration, decoration by means of groups of arms, musical instruments, scrolls, tools of painting and sculpture, and the like, or what may by extension be called trophies, especially in Italian decorative art.
1663Butler Hud. i. ii. 1121 The Squire in State..bore The *Trophee-Fiddle and the Case.
1898G. Meredith Odes Fr. Hist. 78 To clasp his *trophy flag, and call him Saint.
1909Westm. Gaz. 16 Apr. 3/3 He interweaves..many little incidents that would escape the notice of the mere *trophy-hunter.
1899W. H. Furness Folk Lore Borneo 15 That savage love of *trophy-hunting which seems inborn in mankind.
1664in J. Croft Excerpta Ant. (1797) 21 Item, paid for *Trophye Money, 3l. 8s. 8d. 1727–41Chambers Cycl., Trophy money, a duty paid annually..towards providing harness, drums, colours, etc., for the militia. 1766Entick London IV. 29 In 1682 a suit was commenced with the college..for trophy-money.
1897Outing (U.S.) XXX. 227/1 The occasional sailor has no chance in the *trophy races.
1901Daily Chron. 24 July 5/2 The ‘*Trophy Tax’, or, to give it its full designation, the Trophy Tax Militia Rate..is peculiar to the City of London, and is a relic of the old train-band system.
1708New View Lond. II. 491/2 A neat white marble monument, enricht with *Trophy work, an Urn, Cherub and Palm branches.
1866Treas. Bot., *Trophywort, Tropæolum.
Hence ˈtrophyless a., without a trophy.
189719th Cent. May 703 The disappointment at returning trophyless.
Add:[3.] trophy wife, a wife regarded as a status symbol for a (usu. older) man.
1989Newsday (Nassau ed.) 28 Aug. 48/1 Is the ‘*trophy wife’ only an update on the old stereotype of the boss who takes on a girlfriend for a final fling? Is ‘trophy wife’ code for ‘power bimbo’? 1992O. Goldsmith First Wives' Club i. xii. 126 These trophy wives make the fifty- and sixty-year old CEOs feel they can compete sexually with younger men.
▪ II. ˈtrophy, v.
[f. prec. n.]
trans. (chiefly pass.) †a. To transform into a trophy. Obs. rare—1. b. To bestow a trophy upon, celebrate with a trophy. c. To adorn with a trophy or trophies; also fig. (See also trophied.)
1599B. Jonson Cynthia's Rev. v. xi, And so, swolne Niobe..was trophæed into stone. 1631Heywood 2nd Pt. Fair Maid of W. i. i, If it prove as I have fashiond it, I shall be trophide ever. 1632― 1st Pt. Iron Age iv. Wks. 1874 III. 328 You beare your selfe more equall then you ought, With one so trophy'd. 1806Moore Epist. ix. 159 Heroes, trophied high In ancient fame. 1816Byron Ch. Har. iii. xvii, Is the spot mark'd with no colossal bust? Nor column trophied for triumphal show? 1825Campbell Poems, Stanzas Spanish Patriots i, Looking on your graves, though trophied not, As holier hallow'd ground than priests could make the spot! 1847R. W. Hamilton Disq. Sabbath ii. (1848) 55 The Sabbath of the old covenant..descends to us trophied with holy illustrations. |