| 释义 |
gadolinium Chem.|gædəʊˈlɪnɪəm|
[mod.L. (J. C. G. de Marignac 1886, in Compt. Rend. CII. 902), f. gadolinite + -ium.]
A metallic element of the lanthanide series which is present in monazite, gadolinite, and other rare earth minerals and forms a series of mostly colourless salts in which it is trivalent; it resembles steel in appearance and is strongly magnetic below room temperature. Symbol Gd, atomic number 64.
1886Jrnl. Chem. Soc. L. 667 Marignac gives the name Gadolinium (Gd) to the substance which has hitherto been provisionally distinguised as Yα. 1920Ibid. CXVIII. ii. 317 The fractional crystallisation of the acetates effects a rapid separation of gadolinium from samarium and didymium. 1924J. W. Mellor Comprehensive Treat. Inorg. & Theor. Chem. V. xxxviii. 686 The terbium family of rare earths is arbitrarily taken to include the three elements, europium, Eu; gadolinium, Gd; and terbium, Tb. 1938R. W. Lawson tr. Hevesy & Paneth's Man. Radioactivity (ed. 2) x. 119 Gadolinium..absorbs slow neutrons very strongly. 1959Electronic Engin. XXXI. 589/2 New kinds of ferromagnetic ferrites are continually being discovered: gadolinium ferrite types have been investigated. 1961Woyski & Silvernail in Spedding & Daane Rare Earths xxi. 517 Gadolinium..has been used to obtain extremely low temperatures, the classic example being Giauque's experiments.., in which a temperature of 0·29 K was obtained by the adiabatic demagnetization of gadolinium sulfate octahydrate. |