| 释义 |
▪ I. furnace, n.|ˈfɜːnɪs|
Forms: 3 furneise, 4–5 f(o)urneys(e, fo(u)rnays(e, fournas, fornayce, fornes, (5 fornas, furnasee), 4–6 forneys(e, f(o)urneis, furnes(s, (5 furnoys, 6 furneyse, fournes), 6–7 fornace, (6 fournace, furnise), 6– furnace.
[a. OF. fornais, masc. (= Pr. fornatz, fornaz, It. fornace), also fornaise (mod.F. fournaise, = Sp. hornaza), repr. L. fornāc-em, fornax, fem., f. forn-us, furn-us, oven.]
1. a. An apparatus consisting essentially of a chamber to contain combustibles for the purpose of subjecting minerals, metals, etc. to the continuous action of intense heat.
In modern use it chiefly denotes a building of masonry lined with firebrick, used for metallurgical operations, the baking of pottery, or the like; but it is also applied to smaller apparatus (usually constructed of iron) used in chemistry, assaying, etc.
a1225Juliana 32 As þu..te þreo children..biwistest unweommet from þe ferliche fur of þe furneise. a1340Hampole Psalter xvi. 4 Þe fournas þat purges metall. 1382Wyclif Matt vi. 30 The heye of the feeld, that to day is, and to morwe is sente in to the fourneyse. 1413Pilgr. Sowle (Caxton 1483) iii. vii. 55 With fyre pykes they cast them in the forneis. 1535Coverdale Prov. xvii. 3 Like as syluer is tried in the fire and golde in the fornace. 1544T. Phaer Regym. Lyfe (1553) I iij b, Baken or dryed as clay is in the fourneis. 1600Shakes. A.Y.L. ii. vii. 148 The Louer, Sighing like Furnace. 1664Evelyn Kal. Hort. (1729) 229 A plain single Furnace, (such as Chymists use in their Laboratories for common Operations). 1725De Foe Voy. round World (1840) 272 Running like liquid metal out of a furnace. 1837Whittock, etc. Bk. Trades (1842) 130 The furnaces, retorts and other apparatus are too numerous to be described. 1872Ellacombe Ch. Bells Devon i. 11 On the signal being given, the furnaces were tapped, and the metal flowed.
b. transf. The fire of a volcano; the volcano itself.
1660F. Brooke tr. Le Blanc's Trav. 376 One of the most conspicuous furnaces of the Indies..for the hill..hath five mouths..for casting out fire. 1796H. Hunter tr. St. Pierre's Stud. Nat. (1799) I. 344 Volcanos must have emitted their fiery currents more frequently in the earlier ages, when..the Ocean, loaded with it's vegetable spoils, supplied more abundant matter to their furnaces. 1804C. B. Brown tr. Volney's View Soil U.S. 99 The existence of this furnace agrees with all the traces of earthquakes hitherto mentioned.
c. fig., esp. used to express any severe test or trial. Also, a place of excessive heat; a ‘hotbed’.
1340Ayenb. 131 Þise wordle þet ne is bote..a fornays anhet mid uer of zenne and of zorȝe. 1382Wyclif Deut. iv. 20 The Lord took ȝow, and ladde ȝow oute fro the yren forneys of Egipte. 1497Bp. Alcock Mons Perfect. C iij, He lyved here in purgatory and in the fornays of temptacyon. 1600Fairfax Tasso xv. l, He..open set Of his broad gaping iawes the fornace wide. 1611Bible Isa. xlviii. 10, I haue chosen thee in the fornace of affliction. 1727–46Thomson Summer 962 Breathed hot From all the boundless furnace of the sky..A suffocating wind the pilgrim smites With instant death. 1844Kinglake Eöthen xxiv. 320 Nablous is the very furnace of Mahometan bigotry.
†2. Applied to an oven or chamber for producing a moderate continuous heat; in quots. an incubating chamber. Obs.
c1400Mandeville (1839) v. 49 There is a comoun Hows in that Cytee, that is alle ffulle of smale Furneys; and thidre bryngen Wommen of the Toun here Eyren of Hennes, of Gees and of Dokes, for to ben put in to tho Furneyses. 1585T. Washington tr. Nicholay's Voy. i. viii. 7 b, Furnaces, made in maner like unto..stoves of Germanie in the whiche with a small heate they do..hatch their egges. 1616[see furner 1].
3. A closed fireplace for heating a building by means of hot-air or hot-water pipes; also, ‘the fireplace of a marine boiler’ (Adm. Smyth).
1691Evelyn Diary 28 Dec., Saw the effect of my green⁓house furnace. 1881Fawkes Horticult. Build. 218 Stoke⁓holes, furnaces, and boilers, should always be protected by an enclosed shed from rain and wind.
4. A boiler, cauldron, crucible. Obs. exc. dial. (See quots. 1884 and 1886.)
c1290S. Eng. Leg. I. 295/61 A forneis he let maken of bras: and fullen it ful of led. 13..E.E. Allit. P. B. 1011 As a fornes ful of flot þat vpon fyr boyles. c1400Lanfranc's Cirurg. 171 Þe heete of þe lyvere makiþ þe stomac to seþe as fier makiþ a furneis to seþe. 1494Nottingham Rec. III. 30 Unum fornes de plumbo. 1540Yatton Churchw. Acc. (Som. Rec. Soc.) 154 To sawyng y⊇ quyrbys to y⊇ Furnes of Chyrche howse vjd. a1661Fuller Worthies (1840) III. 486 Seethe all these [herbs] (being well washed) in a furnace of fair water. 1884Upton on Severn Gloss., Furnace, a large boiler set in brickwork, for brewing, making soup, &c. 1886W. Somerset Gloss., Galvanized iron Furnace, 27 gals...11s. 9d.
5. attrib. and Comb., as furnace air-pipe, furnace-chink, furnace-coke, furnace-feeder, furnace-filler, furnace-fire, furnace-firer, furnace-glow, furnace-heat, furnace-house, furnace-smoke; furnace-burning, furnace-like adjs.; furnace-ward adv. Also furnace-bar = fire-bar (see fire B. 5); furnace-bridge (see quot.); furnace cadmia or cadmium (see quot.); furnace-drift, † -earth (see quots.); furnace line, a line in a furnace spectrum; furnaceman, one who tends a furnace; furnace-pumice Metall., ‘a slag often produced in smelting pisolitic iron ores, having the cellular appearance of pumice-stone’ (Cassell); furnace spectrum, the spectrum of the light emitted by a substance when heated in an electric furnace; furnace-tube (see quot.).
1664Evelyn Kal. Hort. (1729) 231 The *Furnace Air-pipes..are placed to pass through the Fire and Brick-work.
1888Lockwood's Dict. Mech. Engin., *Furnace Bars.
1874Knight Dict. Mech. I. 926/2 *Furnace-Bridge, a barrier of fire-bricks or of iron plates containing water thrown across the furnace at the extreme end of the fire-bars, to prevent the fuel being carried into the flues, and to quicken the draft by contracting the area.
1593Shakes. 3 Hen. VI, ii. i. 80 All my bodies moysture Scarse serues to quench my *Furnace-burning hart.
1881Raymond Mining Gloss., *Furnace cadmium or cadmia, the oxide of zinc which accumulates in the chimneys of furnaces smelting zinciferous ores.
a1849J. C. Mangan Poems (1859) 35 That the flame, with subtle flood, Through the *furnace-chink may fly.
1889Daily News 16 Dec. 2/7 This week *furnace coke has been selling at 22s. 6d. to 23s. per ton at the ovens.
1892Northumbld. Gloss., *Furnace-drift, a passage leading into an ‘upcast’ pit provided with a furnace for the purpose of ventilating the mine.
1612Sturtevant Metallica (1854) 114 *Furnace-earths..where-withall you build up your Furnaces.
1858Simmonds Dict. Trade, *Furnace-feeder, a stoker or fireman; one who supplies fuel to the furnace.
1892Labour Commission Gloss., *Furnace Fillers, men who remain at the top of the furnace and empty therein the loaded barrows sent up from the bottom.
c1645Howell Lett. I. xxix. 41 If this small *furnace-fire hath vertue to convert such a small lump of Dark Dust and Sand into such a precious clear Body as Crystal.
1889Daily News 4 Dec. 5/6 A *furnace firer..stated that [etc.].
1863–65J. Thomson Sunday at Hampstead vi, The East resumes its *furnace-glow.
1849E. E. Napier Excurs. S. Africa II. 407 Alternate *furnace heat and chilly dampness.
1882Ouida In Maremma I. 62 A *furnace-house to make the salt that was raked upon the beach.
1577B. Googe Heresbach's Husb. ii. (1586) 77 b. The Furrow must be made *Furnase like, straight aboue, and broade in the bottome. 1825Heber Narrative (1828) III. 33 Such a furnace-like climate.
1911Contribs. Mt. Wilson Solar Observ. III. 6 The quality of the *furnace lines for measurement is in general good. 1922A. S. Eddington in Encycl. Brit. XXX. 298/2 The ‘enhanced lines’ of strontium 4077 and 4215 are relatively strong in stars of high luminosity; whereas the ‘furnace lines’ of strontium 4607 and calcium 4455 behave in the reverse manner.
1883Gresley Gloss. Coal Mining, *Furnaceman. 1884B'ham Daily Post 23 Feb. 3/5 Wanted two little Mill Furnacemen.
1797College 20 Like *furnace-smoke in volumes rolling down.
[1905Astrophys. Jrnl. XXI. 256 The oven spectrum shows new groups of bands in the spectra of Ca, Sr, Ba, and Cu.] 1911Contribs. Mt. Wilson Solar Observ. 16 The..strong lines..are given by the core of the arc, and appear in the *furnace spectrum very faintly at the highest temperatures. 1943Astrophys. Jrnl. XCVIII. 33 For the furnace spectrum, dysprosium was vaporized in the carbon-tube vacuum furnace at a temperature near 2600°C.
1888Lockwood's Dict. Mech. Engin., *Furnace-tube, the tube within which the fuel is enclosed in an internally fired boiler.
c1420Pallad. on Husb. i. 1087 First floore hit ij feet thicke enclynynge softe The *fourneis ward.
▪ II. furnace, v.|ˈfɜːnɪs|
[f. prec. n.]
1. a. trans. To exhale like a furnace. b. intr. To issue as from a furnace.
1598Chapman Achilles Shield Ep. Ded. A iv b, That raging vlcer, which..Furnaceth the vniuersall sighes and complaintes of this transposed world. 1607Shakes. Cor. i. vi. 66 He furnaces The thicke sighes from him. 1624Quarles Div. Poems, Sion's Sonn. xx, Represse those flames, that furnace from thine eye.
2. trans. To subject to the heat of a furnace.
1612[see the vbl. n.]. 1842T. Graham Chem. v. 474 It has been proposed, instead of furnacing the sulphate of soda, to decompose it by caustic barytes. 1876Catal. Sci. App. S. Kens. No. 2726 This mixture is furnaced during a period of 53/4 hours.
fig.1790J. Williams Shrove Tuesday (1794) 33 The faithful must be damn'd before they die, And, like th' asbestos, furnac'd to be white. 1848Lowell Fable for Critics Poet. Wks. 1890 III. 50 Every word that he speaks has been fierily furnaced In the blast of a life that has struggled in earnest.
3. To make a furnace in.
1833[see chimney v. 1].
Hence ˈfurnaced ppl. a., in quot. fig.; ˈfurnacing vbl. n., also attrib. Also ˈfurnacer.
1612Sturtevant Metallica (1854) 58 All kinde of ouens, lamps, stoues, kilnes, hearths, all which we generally comprehend vnder the name of Furnacing. Ibid. 59 Furnacing may be briefly touched as being a necessarie instrument in most Inuentions. 1853Ure Dict. Arts II. 680 The dexterous management of this transposition characterizes a good soda-furnacer. 1862H. C. Kendall Fainting by Way 5 Poems 20 Furnaced waste lands..like to stony billows rolled. 1869― Glen of Arrawatta 167 In soft Australian nights; And through the furnaced noons. 1880J. Lomas Alkali Trade 4 The manufacturer should be..able..to..perform the furnacing operation himself. |