| 释义 |
▪ I. furlough, n.|ˈfɜːləʊ|
Forms: 7 vorloffe, fore-loofe, forloff, furloff, -ogh, 7, 9 furlo, 8 furloe, foreloff, 7–9 furlow, 7– furlough.
[a. Du. verlof, app. formed in imitation of Ger. verlaub, f. ver- for- prefix1 + root laub-: see believe v., leave n.1 Cf. Da. forlov, Sw. förlof. The Eng. word, having from the beginning been stressed on the first syll., seems to show influence of the synonymous Du. oorlof, = Ger. urlaub (OHG., MHG. urloup), abstract noun corresp. to the OTeut. vb. *izlauƀôjan, -lauƀjan to give leave, allow (Goth. uslaubjan, OHG. irloubôn, mod.G. erlauben, OE. ālíefan): see a- prefix1 and leave n.1]
1. Leave of absence, esp. a permit or licence given to a soldier (or more rarely, an official) to be absent from duty for a stated time.
1625B. Jonson Stable of N. v. i, The deed..is a thing of greater consequence, Then to be borne about in a blacke boxe, Like a Low-Countrey vorloffe, or Welsh-briefe. 1637R. Monro Exped. i. 34 The Lievetenant Colonell taking a fore-loofe, did go unto Holland. 1649G. Daniel Trinarch., Hen. V, clxxxii, They'd feigned Furloghs, of Sloth, or Feare. 1707Farquhar Recruiting Officer i. i, Enter him a grenadier..absent on furlow. 1749MS. Desp. 14 Nov., Bd. of Trade, S. Carolina T. 68 In Charlestown living on the license of your Excellency's third foreloff. 1772Ann. Reg. 198/1 Maclauchlan..was sent off upon a furlow for three months. 1804Wellington in Gurw. Desp. III. 41 Officers not on furlough..are to join their corps without delay. 1835Marryat Jac. Faithf. xxxvi, My uncle James came home on furlough, for he held a very high and lucrative situation under the Company. 1893W. Forbes-Mitchell Remin. Gt. Mutiny 71 Over fifty men..were found to have furloughs, or leave-certificates..in their pockets.
attrib.1845Stocqueler Handbk. Brit. India (1854) 51 The salaries are large..the furlough allowance and retiring annuity handsome and all-sufficient. 1876Voyle's Milit. Dict. (ed. 3) s.v. Furlough, The furlough pay is as follows.
fig.1816–7Coleridge Lay Serm. 378 One of those short furloughs from the service of the body, which the soul may sometimes obtain even in this, its militant state.
b. extended to general use.
1763Cowper Let. 9 Aug. Wks. (1876) 5 My destination is settled at last, and I have obtained a furlough. 1793F. Burney Lett. 22 Feb., You..could not refuse to her request the week's furlough. 1843Lefevre Life Trav. Phys. I i. vii. 158, I..demanded a furlough of a fortnight, to enable me to see my friends in England. 1848Kingsley Saint's Trag. i. i, Would but her saintship leave her gold behind, We'd give herself her furlough.
†2. A passport; a licence, or permit.
a1659Cleveland Wks. (1687) 7 The greatest Honours on the aged hurl'd Are but gay Furlows for another World. 1826Scott Woodst. ii, Or what else will your uncle Everard do for us? Get us a furlough to beg?
▪ II. furlough, v. Chiefly U.S.|ˈfɜːləʊ|
[f. prec.]
1. trans. To grant (a person) a furlough; to give leave of absence to.
1783N. Greene in Sparks Corr. Amer. Rev. (1853) IV. 38 The Northern Army does not choose to be furloughed. 1799G. Washington Lett. Writ. 1893 XIV. 208 The practice of furloughing officers, and then renewing the furloughs from time to time. 1867Emerson May-Day & Other Pieces Wks. (Bohn) III. 423 Amid the hue and cry Of scholars furloughed from their tasks. 1869Lowell Cathedral 236 With outward senses furloughed.
2. intr. To spend a furlough.
1892Black & White Christm. No. 31/2 The unsteady white gaiters of two Grenadiers furloughing in the village. |