| 释义 |
reciprocation|rɪsɪprəˈkeɪʃən|
[ad. L. reciprocātiōn-em, n. of action f. reciprocāre, to reciprocate. Cf. F. réciprocation (16th c.).]
†1.
a. Reflexive action; a reflexive mode of expression. Obs. (Cf. reciprocal a. 6.)
1530Palsgr. Introd. 35 They double the pronowne, and in the thyrde parsones use reciprocation, as Je me maruaille,..il se maruaille. 1631Gouge God's Arrows iii. §42. 256 The Hebrew word..intimated both a reciprocation, and also a continuance of the action.
†b. Backward motion. Obs.—0
1623Cockeram, Reciprocation, a going backe.
2. Motion backwards and forwards. Now only Mech. (Common in 17th c., esp. of the tides.)
1646Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. 363 Aristotle drowned himself in Euripus as despairing to resolve the cause of its reciprocation, or ebbe and flow seven times a day. 1685Boyle Enq. Notion Nat. 306 The Box will, after some Reciprocations, return to its Horizontal Situation. 1843Holtzapffel Turning II. 919 The machine..makes two reciprocations for every revolution of the shaft. 1847T. Milner Gallery of Nature (1855) 268 The reciprocations of the spring are easily observed by this contrivance.
b. Alternate action or operation. rare.
1656tr. Hobbes' Elem. Philos. (1839) 459 Such motion is the reciprocation of pressure, sometimes one way, sometimes the other. 1802Paley Nat. Theol. xi. §2 (1819) 170 Distending and contracting their many thousand vesicles, by a reciprocation which cannot cease for a minute. 1844H. Stephens Bk. Farm II. 306 A few repetitions of such reciprocation would so fill the condenser as to render it ineffective.
†c. Alternation; alternate change or succession; vicissitude. Obs.
1610Healey St. Aug. Citie of God 909 How delightfull is the dayes reciprocation with night! 1659H. More Immort. Soul i. xi. (1713) 41 That we may not think this Reciprocation into Motion and Rest belongs onely to Terrestrial particles. a1766S. Chandler Life David II. ii. 9 marg., The verb is here applied..to point out the various reciprocations and changes of David's fortunes. 1794in Polwhele Trad. & Recoll. (1826) II. 397 A man who has been an author so long as you have must have experienced a reciprocation of praises and censures.
†d. Alternate singing or chanting. Obs.—1
1641R. B. K. Parall. Liturgy w. Mass-Bk. 11 The answering of the people was the invention of the Italians, as the Reciprocations and Antiphonies was the invention of the Greeks.
3. The action of making a return, or doing something in return; esp. a mutual return or exchange of acts, feelings, etc.
1561T. Norton Calvin's Inst. iii. 202 Hys worde is in greke allelous, mutually, enterchangeably, by turnes, or (if they so like best to terme it) by way of reciprocation one to an other. 1605Timme Quersit. i. iv. 14 These simple elements..do render to the elements and beginnings mutual reciprocation of love. 1698Norris Pract. Disc. (1707) IV. 56 The Union between Soul and Body..is only a mutual Reciprocation of Action and Passion between Soul and Body. 1788F. Burney Diary 29 Sept., The birthdays..are made extremely interesting..by the reciprocation of presents and congratulations. 1841Dickens Lett. (1880) I. 41 With a sincere reciprocation of all your kindly feeling. 1853Kane Grinnell Exp. iv. (1856) 33 We showed our colors, but the little craft declined a reciprocation.
4. The state of being in a reciprocal or harmonious relation; correspondence.
1605L. Hutten Aunswere 64 These..differ only as relatiues, whose difference is, their naturall reciprocation. 1677Plot Oxfordsh. 288 Our common principle of the Reciprocation of strength and time. 1803Beddoes Hygeia ix. 73 The nice reciprocation in the contractions and dilatations in the several sets, concerned in every kind of motion.
†b. Logic. The conversion of terms or propositions, or the relation involved by this. Obs.
1588Fraunce Lawiers Log. i. xiii. 56 b, In distribution and definition there is a most necessary reciprocation or conversion. 1613Bp. Andrewes Serm. (1841) IV. 291 That reciprocation I touched before; that seeing they reign by Him, He may reign by them. 1677Gale Crt. Gentiles II. iv. 249 Platos plain naked mind is that the First being and One admit of reciprocation, i.e. God the First Being is the prime Unitie.
†c. Equivalence; meaning. Obs.—1
a1661Fuller Worthies i. (1662) 79 A Corrollary about the Reciprocation of Alumnus: The word Alumnus is effectually directive of us..to the Nativities of Eminent persons.
d. Math. The process of converting a proposition, quantity, or curve, to its reciprocal.
1852Mulcahy Princ. Mod. Geom. 37 The process by which one Proposition is thus deduced from another, is called reciprocation. 1885[see reciprocant]. |