| 释义 |
tribunal, n. (a.)|traɪ-, trɪˈbjuːnəl|
Also 6 try-, 6–7 -all.
[ad. L. tribūnāl, -āle n. neut., a tribunal, judgement seat, f. tribūn-us tribune n.1: see -al1. Cf. F. tribunal (13th c. in Hatz.-Darm.), perh. the immediate source; also Sp., Pg. tribunal, It. tribunale.
By Spenser stressed tribuˈnal as in French.]
A. n.
1. Originally, A raised semicircular or square platform in a Roman basilica, on which the seats of the magistrates were placed; a dais; a raised throne or chair of state; a judgement seat (also fig.).
1526Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 212 We all shall stande before the tribunall of god. 1590Spenser F.Q. iii. v. 53 And crowne your heades with heavenly coronall, Such as the Angels weare before Gods tribunall. 1642in 10th Rep. Hist. MSS. Comm. App. iv. 429 Making 2 Tribunalles or seates for the judges at the last assizes. 1702Echard Eccl. Hist. (1710) 612 They will be both read in the day of Judgment, before the Tribunal of Jesus Christ. 1833Cruse Eusebius v. i. 170 Those around the tribunal cried out against him.
2. a. A court of justice; a judicial assembly.
1590Spenser F.Q. ii. ix. 53 Painted faire..with picturals Of Magistrates, of courts, of tribunals. 1610Holland Camden's Brit. (1637) 177 The Tribunals, or Courts of Justice in England. 1667Milton P.L. iii. 326 When thou..shalt..from thee send The..Arch-Angels to proclaime Thy dread Tribunal. 1687T. Brown Saints in Uproar Wks. 1730 I. 82, I am forced to appeal to your impartial tribunal. 1835Alison Hist. Europe (1847) IV. xiv. 137 On the 14th October [1793] the Queen was brought before the Revolutionary Tribunal. 1867Freeman Norm. Conq. I. vi. 574 The judgement of a competent tribunal is always worth something.
b. fig. Place of judgement or decision; judicial authority.
1635Quarles Embl. ii. xiii. 49 Go up, my soul, into the tribunal of thy conscience. 1734tr. Rollin's Anc. Hist. (1827) I. 153 The field of battle is a tribunal without partiality and cabal. 1817Bentham Parl. Reform Introd. 222 By the tribunal of public opinion it ought to be taken as and for confessional evidence. 1875Whitney Life Lang. viii. 150 Our recognition of the community as final tribunal which decides whether anything shall be language or not.
c. Any of various local boards of officials empowered to settle disputes, esp. between an individual and a government department, to adjudicate on fair rents, exemption from military service, etc.; industrial tribunal, a board arbitrating in disputes arising out of employment, such as complaints of unfair dismissal. Also (in full tribunal of inquiry), a board set up by the government to investigate some matter of public concern.
1916Act 5 & 6 Geo. V c. 104 §2 An application may be made at any time before the appointed date to the Local Tribunal established under this Act..for a certificate of exemption from the provisions of this Act. 1921(title of Act) Tribunals of inquiry (evidence) act. 1932L. Golding Magnolia Street ii. iv. 321 The Baritone, at least, managed to convince tribunal after tribunal that it would be a mistake to put him into khaki. 1945[see rent n.1 4 c]. 1949Britannica Bk. of Year 309/2 Public interest was focused upon the judicial tribunal set up, under the chairmanship of Mr. Justice Lynskey, to inquire into allegations of corrupt practices involving several ministers and public servants. 1962L. Golding Dict. Local Govt. 158 A Committee..was set up to consider..the constitution and working of administrative tribunals, particularly those dealing with the compulsory purchase of land. 1971Mod. Law Rev. XXXIV. 657 The industrial tribunal may only recommend reinstatement. Ibid., The tribunals may award..compensation. 1974M. Meacher Scrounging on Welfare iii. 38 In 1971 the Supplementary Benefits Commission reported 153 cases to a Tribunal under Section 12/1.
†3. = tribune n.2 1, 2. Obs.
1644Evelyn Diary 7 Nov., [In Rome] the.. Churches of St. Cosmo and Damiano,..a pretty odd fabriq, with a Tribunal, or Tholus within, wrought all of Mosaic. Ibid. 12 Nov., The tribunal of the high altar is of exquisite worke. 1694Ibid. 5 Oct., Placing columns on pilasters at the East tribunal [of St. Paul's]. 1722J. Richardson Statues, etc. Italy 319 The Tribunal, or Mezzo Cupola of Dominichino. 1797Encycl. Brit. (ed. 3) VII. 300/2 The..Venus of Medici..stands in a room called the Tribunal [Tribuna].
B. attrib. or as adj.
1. Pertaining to, of the nature of, or authorized by a tribunal.
1554–5Bradford Let. 16 Feb. in Coverdale Lett. Martyrs (1564) 471 A thing wherof I doute not to answer..before the tribunal seat of Iesus Christ. 1560Rolland Crt. Venus ii. 1020 Or Rhamnusia in hir sait Tribunall. 1610Histrio-m. vi. 91 Affliction is the perfect way That leads to Joves tribunall dignity. 1645Milton Tetrach. Wks. 1851 IV. 216 A law to suffer a kind of tribunall adultery. 1708Prior Mice 37 When we meet at God's tribunal throne.
†2. Of or pertaining to a tribune. Obs. rare.
1577Hanmer Anc. Eccl. Hist. (1663) 21 A sign being given from the tribunal seat. 1577–87Holinshed Chron. I. 34/1 Narcisus went vp vnto the tribunall throne of Plautius, to declare the cause of his comming. 1670Narr. Long Parl. in Somers Tracts (1748) I. 32 Persons..of a tribunal Spirit and Temper.
Hence triˈbunalled a., having or seated on a tribunal; † triˈbunalship = tribuneship.
1654R. Codrington tr. Iustine xiii. 213 The chief Tribunalship of the Camp was given to Seleuchus. 1852Meanderings of Memory I. 32 Tribunalled judge, he weds the weaker cause, Holds sternly up as he lays down the laws. |