| 释义 |
fremd, a. Obs. exc. Sc. and north.|frɛmd|
Forms: 1 fræmde, frem(e)de, Northumb. fremþe, 2–6 fremde, 3 fræmde, Orm. fremmde, freomede, south. vreomede, 3–5 frem(m)ed(e, (4 fremned, frimmed), 4–5 fremyd, 5–9 Sc. frem(m)it, -yt, 4–7 frem(m)e, (7 fremb), 5–7 frem(e)(d, fremb'd(e, 6 frenned, 7, 9 Sc. frem, (9 fraim), 6, 8 Sc. fram(m)et, (8 fram'd, 9 fraumit), 9 Sc. frem't, frem(m)'d.
[Com. Teut.: OE. fręmede, fręmde, fręmþe = OS. fremithi (Du. vreemd), OHG. framadi, fremidi strange, wonderful (MHG. vremede, vremde), Goth. framaþs foreign, estranged:—OTeut. *framoþjo-, framiþjo- f. *fram-: see from.]
1. Foreign: see foreign 8.
a1000Laws of Ine (Schmid) §20 Gif feorcund mon, oððe fremde, butan weᵹe ᵹeond wudu gonge. c1386Chaucer Sqr.'s T. 421 A faukoun peregryn than semed sche Of fremde lond. 1596Dalrymple tr. Leslie's Hist. Scot. vii. 4 Ambassadouris thay directe to framit natiounis quha war thair special freinds. 17..in Child Ballads ii. lii. A. (1884) 450/2, I wish I had died on some frem isle, And never had come hame! 1858Mrs. Oliphant Laird of Norlaw I. 299 ‘Dinna bring me a daughter of that land to vex me as the fremd woman vexed Rebecca.’ 1864T. Clarke Westmld. Dial. in Kendal Merc. 30 Jan., It mappm mud lead me inta sum fremm'd cuntry.
b. = foreign 4.
1581Mulcaster Positions xli. (1887) 242, I may not at this time prosecute this position, as to fremd for this place.
2. Strange, unknown, unfamiliar. Also ellipt. or absol. (quasi-n.). the fremd: strangers. Of an incident: Remarkable, surprising.
c950Lindisf. Gosp. John x. 5 Forðon ne cuðon stefn ðara fremðe. a1225Ancr. R. 106 His deore deciples..bileueden him alle one, ase ureomede. a1300Cursor M. 28292 Priuetis o fremyd and frende I haue discouerd. c1385Chaucer L.G.W. 1046 Dido, That nevere yit was so fremde a cas. 14..in Pol. Rel. & L. Poems (1866) 249 Euery man, boþe fremyd & kouth, Xul comyn with-outyn ly. 1500–20Dunbar Poems (1893) 307 The fremmit thairof thair baggis can fill. 1535Durham Depos. (Surtees) 52 Let her take 2 fremde menne, or frendes, and I other 2. 1580Sidney Arcadia (1622) 87 Cowards..With sight of feare from friends to fremb'd doe flie. 1863Mrs. Gaskell Sylvia's L. (1874) 184 ‘There's a fremd man i' t' house, I heerd his voice!’ 1871W. Alexander Johnny Gibb xxxv. (1873) 199 Mary Howie needin' to gae awa' to the frem't.
b. Wild, opposed to tame.
c1374Chaucer Troylus iii. 480 (529) Al this world is blynd In this matere, bothe fremed and tame.
3. Like a stranger, estranged, unfriendly. Of the bearing, voice, etc.: Strange, forced, unnatural. Const. in OE. with dat., with, till.
a1000Sal. & Sat. 68 Fracoð he bið ðonne and fremede frean ælmihtigum. a1240Ureisun in Cott. Hom. 200 Woa is me þet ich am so freomede wið þe. c1374Chaucer Troylus ii. 199 (248) Lat be to me your fremde maner speche. a1400Morte Arth. 3343, I hafe bene frendely, freke, and fremmede tille other. 1508Dunbar Gold. Targe 225 On syde scho lukit wyth ane fremyt fare. 1580Sidney Arcadia iii. Wks. 1724 II. 719 And makes them fremb'd, who friends by nature are. 1636Rutherford Lett. (1862) I. 178 He looked fremed and unco-like upon me when I came first here. a1651Calderwood Hist. Kirk (1843) II. 280 The Erle of Murrey was so frem to Mr. Knox, that [etc.]. 1789Burns 5 Carlins xx, Monie a friend that kiss'd his caup, Is now a fremit wight. 1859J. Brown Rab. & F. 9 Rab called rapidly, and in a fremyt voice.
Proverb.1721Kelly Sc. Prov. 72 Better my friend think me framet, than fashious. 1823Scott Quentin D. vi, ‘Better kind fremit, than fremit kindred.’
b. Adverse, unpropitious, hostile.
1423Jas. I Kingis Q. xxiv, So infortunate was we that fremyt day. 1513Douglas æneis i. i. 58 Scho thame for⁓drivis..by fremmit weird full mony ȝeris tharbye. 1535Stewart Cron. Scot. (1858) I. 323 Sayand the Britis fremit war and fals.
4. Not related, of another family or house; opposed to sib or kin. Often ellipt. or absol.
a1200Moral Ode 34 Sone wule hine forȝeten þe fremede and þe sibbe. a1225Ancr. R. 184 Nanmore þen þu woldest beaten a ureomede child þauh hit agulte. c1340Hampole Prose Tr. (1866) 8 Many..neuer haue halde þe ordyre of lufe ynesche þaire frendys sibbe or ffremede. c1460How Goode Wif taught hir Doughter 17 in Hazl. E.P.P. I. 181 Make thou none iangelynge withe fremed ne withe sibbe. c1510Barclay Mirr. Gd. Manners (1570) B iij, For thy fremde folke and seruauntes to prouide. 1530Palsgr. 627, I make of a frenned chylde my sonne by the lawe. Je adopte. 1550Coverdale Spir. Perle xvi. 126 Those children that are nursed by frembd mens fyers. 1611Cotgr., Affiliation, adoption, or the conferring on fremme children all aduantages belonging to naturall ones. 1862A. Hislop Prov. Scot. 143 Mak friends o' fremit folk.
Hence ˈfremdly adv., strangely, like a stranger; unkindly. ˈfremdness, strangeness, coldness; also personified.
13..Gaw. & Gr. Knt. 714 Fer floten fro his frendez fremedly he rydez. c1500Lancelot 1508 [They] haith no thonk bot fremmytness of the. 1535Stewart Cron. Scot. II. 3 Fra all the Scottis prescribit war ilkone..So fremmitlie in mony sindrie land. 1560Rolland Crt. Venus iii. 6 The Iustice Clark, was callit Fremmitnes. 1569–70Knox Let. to Cecil 2 Jan. in Tytler Hist. Scot. (1864) III. 318, I have been fremedly handled. 1807J. Stagg Poems 49 The hand of fate unkeynde Has us'd us fremtly. |