| 释义 |
▪ I. freight, n.|freɪt|
Also 5 freyte, freyght, 6–7 fraight, 6 frate.
[prob. a. MDu. or MLG. vrecht, var. of vracht: see fraught n. The word has passed from Du. or LG. into some of the Rom. langs.; F. fret hire of a ship (from 13th c.), Sp. flete, Pg. frete.]
1. a. Hire of a vessel for the transport of goods; the service of transporting goods (originally, by water; now extended, esp. in U.S., to land-transit); the sum of money paid for this. In early use also: Passage-money.
1463Mann. & Househ. Exp. 194 My mastyr toke hym ffor his ffreyte to Caleys..vj. li. 1483Caxton Gold. Leg. 283/2 Whome they receyued in to theyr Shippe gladly and sayd they wold brynge hym thyder without ony freyght or huyr. 1538Starkey England ii. i. 172 Specyally yf to that were joynyd a nother ordynance..wych ys, concernyng the frate of marchandyse. 1580Hollyband Treas. Fr. Tong, Naulage, the fraight or fare payed for passage ouer the water. a1687Petty Pol. Arith. (1690) 19 Those who have the command of the Sea Trade may Work at easier Freight with more profit. 1712E. Cooke Voy. S. Sea 353 Having agreed to pay no Freight there. 1764Burn Poor Laws 180 Let a small deduction be made from the freights of ships, and from seamens wages. 1765T. Hutchinson Hist. Mass. I. ii. 257 They purchased a ship-load of masts, the freight whereof cost them sixteen hundred pounds. 1854Hawthorne Eng. Note-bks. (1883) II. 123 The captains talk together about..how freights are in America. 1861Goschen For. Exch. 18 The charge for freight acts with the same force as a charge for a commodity actually produced and exported. 1868Rogers Pol. Econ. ix. (1876) 83 The passage from the East to Europe has been so shortened, that a freight from thence to England is reduced to one-fourth.
†b. to take freight: to take passage for oneself and goods. Obs.
1719De Foe Crusoe ii. xvi, We all took freight with him.
2. a. The cargo or lading (of a ship); a ship-load. Hence, anything carried by sea or land; ‘goods’ in transit or being transported by rail, road, or sea. Chiefly N. Amer. with reference to the carriage of goods by railway. fast freight (U.S.): see fast a. 11.
1502Arnolde Chron. (1811) 229 We..charge you precisely that the forsayd [merchants] wyth their shyp's freight..ye suffer and let go passe. 1540Act 32 Hen. VIII, c. 14 Beyng mynded..to take any freight or ladynge..into any of the saide shyppes. 1694Acc. Sev. Late Voy. ii. (1711) 3 When they have their full Fraight of Whales, they put up their great Flag. 1789Brand Hist. Newcastle II. 255 [A vessel] trading to Newcastle upon Tyne with corn, and returning with a freight of sea coals. 1832H. Martineau Ireland 131 Do you know that Vessel? You cannot be aware what freight it bears? 1856Kane Arct. Expl. II. xix. 196 They offered to exclude both clothes and food in favor of a full freight of these treasures.
b. transf. A load, burden,
1618Chapman Hesiod i. 574 At thy purse's height, And when it fights low, give thy use his freight. 1697Dryden Virg. Georg. ii. 599 With the ruddy Freight the bending Branches groan. 1805Wordsw. Prelude v. 84, I..looked self-questioned what this freight Which the new comer carried..Could mean. 1878Huxley Physiogr. 73 These warm moist winds..deposit their freight of moisture in showers of rain.
c. fig.
a1631Donne in Select. (1840) 43 Keep up that holy cheerfulness, which Christ makes the ballast of a Christian, and his freight too. 1755Young Centaur v. Wks. 1757 IV. 223 Every moment shall return, and lay its whole freight..before the Throne. 1812J. Wilson Isle of Palms i. 127 An earthly freight she bears Of joys and sorrows. 1872Holland Marb. Proph. 97 A man who lifted On ready words his freight of gratitude.
†3. A journey of a laden vessel. Obs.
1716Church Philip's War (1865) I. 157 He made use of Canoo's: But by that time they had made two fraights..the Wind sprung up.
4. orig. U.S. Short for freight-train: a goods-train. by freight: by the usual means of transportation, as opposed to by express.
1861Remin. Life Railroad Engineer 123 He was running the Night Express,..while I was running the through freight. 1881Chicago Times 18 June, A freight of thirty loaded cars..collided with the other train. 1922M. B. Houston Witch Man i. 14 There were four trains a day in Innessburg, not counting the freights. 1955E. Hillary High Adventure ix. 158 Feeling a little like an express train overhauling a slow freight.
5. attrib. and Comb., as freight agent, freight car (= goods truck or van), freight carriage, freight container, freight depot, freight elevator, freight engine, freight forwarder, freight house, freight locomotive, freight-man, freight rate, freight route, freight shed, freight steamer, freight terminal, freight traffic, freight train (= goods train), freight wagon, freight yard; also freight-handler, freight-handling. Also ˈfreightliner, a train carrying goods in containers; † freight-money, payment for conveyance of freight.
1843Rep. Western R.R. 17 *Freight-agent. 1875N. Amer. Rev. CXX. 403 He has been promoted to the office of freight-agent. 1944Sears, Roebuck Catal. 900 If there is a freight agent at your station, you pay freight charges when shipment is received.
1833Amer. Railroad Jrnl. II. 325/2, 10 *freight cars. 1856Olmsted Slave States 55 There were, in the train, two first-class passenger cars, and two freight cars. 1947Chicago Daily News 17 Jan. 4/2 A freight car and caboose were destroyed by fire. 1967Freight car [see car n.1 2 a].
1884Pall Mall G. 25 Sept. 5/2 They will put up their rates on the *freight carriage eastward.
1969Jane's Freight Containers 1968–69 12/1 A *freight container is an article of transport equipment.
1841Spirit of Times 25 Sept. 354/1 *Freight depot. 1904W. N. Harben Georgians 1 The long, brick freight depot. 1906Springfield Weekly Republ. 4 Oct. 7 What the English call a ‘railway goods station’, and what we call a freight depot.
1903Ade In Babel 18 He had patented certain devices which were used by all makers of passenger and *freight elevators. 1911Daily Colonist (Victoria, B.C.) 21 Apr. 16/3 Expedition combined with safety, can only be secured by means of a freight elevator. 1968Globe & Mail (Toronto) 3 Feb. B5/2 ‘Do you know that only three apartment buildings in Toronto have freight elevators?’ he asked. ‘We sometimes have to put furniture on top of elevators to get it into buildings.’
1922G. T. Stufflebeam Traffic Dict. 64 *Freight forwarder, one who is located at a port, attends to documentation, booking space, securing marine insurance and other detail in connection with export shipments. 1968Economist 14 Sept. p. xxv/1 There is more pressure on the British freight forwarders than there is on their continental counterparts. 1969Jane's Freight Containers 1968–69 28/1 The members of the Canadian International Freight Forwarders Association Inc. 1970Times 2 June (Container Suppl.) p. iv/3 The increasing range of forwarding work, the changing conditions under which it is carried out, and the new physical equipment—containers, in particular—have called for the new and wider description as freight forwarders.
1882Pall Mall G. 12 July 8/2 A riot has occurred [at Jersey city] between the *freight-handlers on strike and the Italian labourers.
1887Bureau Statist. Labour (N.Y.) 327 There was also a great interruption of *freight-handling.
1848Hunt's Merch. Mag. XVIII. 383 The Worcester Railroad..has a *freight-house in Boston. 1918Essex Inst. Hist. Coll. LIV. 218 They should be run as one road, thus doing away with the expensive separate staffs, repair shops, freight houses, etc. 1948Daily Ardmoreite (Ardmore, Okla.) 28 July 13/2 The car was shunted to a siding near the freight house yesterday afternoon.
1965Times 12 July 14 (caption) A typical *Freightliner..will be loaded..by the latest equipment... The container is lifted off the road transport..and immediately transferred on to the rail wagon. 1966Daily Tel. 11 Aug. 22/7 British Rail is to build 60 refrigerated glass fibre containers to carry meat and perishable goods in its freightliner trains. 1969Lebende Sprachen XIV. 65/2 A grain terminal and a British Railways freightliner terminal are to be built at Tilbury.
1934Webster, *Freight locomotive. 1935Discovery Nov. 326/1 The freight locomotives were designed to haul considerably heavier trains than the passenger locomotives.
1855Gen. Term Rep., Goods..should be sent forward by a carrier, or *freightman.
1755N. Magens Insurances II. 189 All Insurances on expected Gain..future *Freight-Monies, Seamens Wages and Mens Lives are universally forbid.
1848Hunt's Merch. Mag. XVIII. 101 *Freight-rates—Iron, 25 cents per 100 pounds. 1881Chicago Times 12 Mar., A freight-rate war between the eastern lines of railroads is regarded..as unavoidable. 1907Westm. Gaz. 20 Nov. 10/2 Startling freight-rate experiments of the German railways. 1943J. S. Huxley TVA xii. 114 The inter⁓territorial freight-rate problem of the U.S.A.
1881Chicago Times 12 Mar., This has been the cheapest *freight route to New York.
Ibid. 17 June, Between the gas-works and the *freight-sheds of the..railway.
1967Economist 18 Feb. 596/1 The dispute between the railway unions and the management of British Railways over *freight terminals is like an old and hardy sore. 1967Punch 12 July 66/1 A new international freight terminal.
1891Pall Mall G. 3 Dec. 6/2 The St. John's Board of Trade..thinks that the interest of the country would be better served by grants to *freight steamers.
1885Ibid. 10 Sept. 6/1 Goods traffic—called in America ‘*freight’ traffic.
1845Ann. Rep. Boston & Worc. R.R., *Freight-train. 1872Japanese in America 199 Freight-trains frequently number..one hundred cars. 1887M. Roberts Western Avernus 35 We found there was a freight train leaving this town at one o'clock. 1968B. Foster Changing Eng. Lang. i. 59 It has recently become fashionable to speak of a goods train as a freight train in the American fashion.
1832Amer. Railroad Jrnl. I. 85/3 The snow has not prevented the running of carriages or *freight waggons. 1889K. Munroe Golden Days ix. 91 Holstead and Thurston soon had their modest outfit..on board an Oregon freight wagon. 1910J. Hart Vigilante Girl viii. 122 Behind these were..waiting stage coaches, and behind them freight wagons.
1881Chicago Times 14 May, Twelve days ago the railroad switchmen in all but one of the *freight-yards in this city struck for a slight increase of their wages. 1903N.Y. Times 24 Sept. 5 Two youths..were seen prowling about the freight yards. 1961L. Mumford City in History xv. 461 A waste of freight yards and marshalling yards.
▪ II. freight, v.|freɪt|
Forms: 6–7 fraight, (6 freith), 7– freight. pa. tense and pa. pple. 6 freyghted, frayted, 6–7 fraighted, 7– freighted.
[f. prec. n.; cf. fraught v.]
1. a. trans. To furnish or load (a vessel) with a cargo; to hire or let out (a vessel) for the carriage of goods and passengers. Also with out and to or for (a place).
1485in Arnolde Chron. (1811) 229 For too..lade and freith and cary awaye. 1555Eden Decades 296 Donco, where the marchauntes..fraight theyr shyppes. 1651Hobbes Leviath. ii. xxii. 119 With the Merchandise they buy at home, can fraight a Ship, to export it. 1671Clarendon Dialog. Tracts (1727) 293 They who freighted them out. 1702C. Mather Magn. Chr. i. vi. (1852) 84 They build one ship more, which they fraighted for England. 1800Wellesley in Owen Desp. 707 The British merchants..not having obtained the expected permission to freight their ships to the port of London. 1831Sir J. Sinclair Corr. II. 223 An opportunity of making immense sums of money, by freighting their ships to the powers at war. 1878Simpson Sch. Shaks. I. 120 He proposed to freight as many English vessels as possible by Flemings, Frenchmen, Spaniards, and Italians.
b. transf. To load, store. Also fig. of a burden: To bear upon as a load.
1829Lytton Devereux i. vii, Fortune freights not your channel with her hoarded stores. 1838Sparks Biog. IX. Eaton xi. 301 The caravan had been freighted by the Bashaw only to this place. 1892Talmage in N.Y. Weekly Witness 13 Jan. 7/5 All the sins of the past and of the present freighting him.
c. U.S. intr. to freight up: to take in a cargo. fig.
1889‘Mark Twain’ Yank. at Crt. K. Arth. (Tauchn.) I. 128 How to freight up against probable fasts before starting.
2. trans. To carry or transport (goods) as freight. Also absol.
1540Act 32 Hen. VIII, c. 14 Euery brode wollen cloth freyghted to Daunske. 1697W. Dampier Voy. I. xv. 412 Every man freights his Goods in his own room; and probably lodges there, if he be on board himself. 1855N.Y. Weekly Tribune 6 Jan. 1/2 The Ohio Rail⁓roads are freighting heavily. 1881Henty Cornet of Horse xvi. (1888) 160 Van Duyk would have freighted a shipful of presents to Rupert's friends. 1931Randolph Enterprise (Elkins, W. Va.) 8 Jan. 4/5 He lived at Brownsville, Nebraska, and freighted from there to Fort Riley.
Hence ˈfreighting vbl. n.
1672Essex Papers (Camden) I. 7, I Incourage all I possibly can buildinge of Ships of our owne (for Fraigtinge of Forringhners distresse us). 1867Smyth Sailor's Word-bk., Freighting, a letting out of vessels on freight or hire. 1884L. Hamilton Mexican Hand-bk. 67 The water flowing down from the various ravines..fills the arroyo and renders freighting in wagons difficult.
attrib.1769Burke Late St. Nat. Wks. 1842 I. 83 The freighting business revived. The ships were fewer, but much larger. 1856Olmsted Slave States 396 The roads seemed to be doing a heavy freighting business with cotton. 1830N. H. Bishop 4 Months in Sneak-Box 15 There appears to be no fixed freighting tariff established for boats.
▪ III. † freight, pple. and ppl. a. Obs.
Forms: 5–6 freyght, 6–7 fraight, 6–8 freight.
[Contracted pa. pple. of freight v.]
1. Freighted, laden.
1494Fabyan Chron. vii. 494 The ryuer of Loyer, wher at yt season certayne shyppes laye freyght with vytall. 1600Holland Livy xxix. 736 And so [he] dispatched away the ships a second time fraight and laden with the spoiles of enemies. 1649Evelyn Mem. (1857) III. 39 Ships, richly freight with wines and other commodities.
b. transf. and fig. (Cf. fret full, fret v.6)
1565Jewel Def. Apol. (1611) 463 It was written by a man of an iron face..and is freight full of most shamelesse lies. 1587Turbervile Trag. T. (1837) 214 The jades were fully fraight with heavie burdens. 1600Holland Livy xxiii. xii. (1609) 481 Two strong holds..full and fraight [plena] of prizes and victuals. 1711Steele Spect. No. 134 ⁋2 Each Paragraph is freight either with useful or delightful Notions.
2. Fraught, provided, abounding with.
1551Robinson tr. More's Utop. (Arb.) 167 This yle is fraight with both bounteously. 1590Spenser F.Q. i. xii. 35 The king..with suddein indignation fraight Bad on that Messenger rude hands to reach. 1623Webster Duchess Malfi v. i, I'll go in mine own shape, When he shall see it fraight with love and duty. |