| 释义 |
▪ I. fraught, n. Obs. exc. Sc.|frɔːt|
Forms: (? 4 frauh[t]), 4–5 frauȝte, Sc. frawcht, 5–6 Sc. fraucht, (5, 7 fraght), 5– fraught.
[prob. a. MDu. or MLG. vracht (also vrecht: see freight n.) freight, cargo, charge for transport; commonly identified with OHG. frêht str. fem., earnings:—OTeut. *fra-aihti-z, f. *fra-, for- prefix1 + *aihti- (= OE. ǽht acquisition, property: see aught), f. root aig-: see owe, own.
The irregular vocalism of the Du. word is supposed to point to adoption from Frisian. From Du. or Fris. the word has passed into all Teut. langs., Ger. fracht, Da. fragt, Sw. frakt; the parallel form vrecht has given rise to the Rom. forms: see freight.]
†1. The hire of a boat for the transportation of a freight or cargo; the money paid for this; the carriage or transportation of goods, usually by water: = freight n. 1. Obs.
c1375Sc. Leg. Saints, Egipciane 482 Sad he: ‘ȝa, gyf þou has macht to pay þame þi schip fraucht.’ ‘frawcht haf I nane, bruthyr der.’ c1440Gesta Rom. xxiv. 90 (Harl. MS.) My fader had not to pay to the maister of the ship for the fraught. 1443in Willis & Clark Cambridge (1886) I. 388 For fraught of..iij tonne fro London vn to the College at xvj d. the tonne. 1535Stewart Cron. Scot. III. 343 In mid water at thame he askit fraucht. 1560Rolland Crt. Venus ii. 684, I knew not gif he payit fraucht or fie. 1655W. Gurnall Chr. in Arm. xxii. §1 (1669) 311/1 This is as if the Mariners..should fill the ship, and leave no stowage for his goods that pays the fraught. 1662Ann Keith in J. Russell Haigs (1881) 472 For his fraght be sea, 10s.
fig.1637Rutherford Lett. (1862) I. 215 Our souls..are safe over the frith, Christ having paid the fraught.
Proverb.1721Kelly Scot. Prov. 318 ‘Tarry Breeks pays no fraught;’..People of a Trade assist one another mutually.
†2. The cargo or lading of a ship: = freight n. 2. Obs.
[c1330R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 74 Sir Adinoth þei slouh, & alle þat þei mot hent. Whan þei had frauh [? read frauht] inouh, ageyn tille Ireland went. ]a1400Sir Beues 507 (MS. E) Marchaundes þai fonde wondyr fale And solde hym for mechel frauȝte [MS. A. auȝte]. c1400Destr. Troy 5384 Þan fild þai with fraght all þere fuerse shippes. c1470Harding Chron. ciii. viii, He had not to his fraught, But fewe persones..vnslayne. c1592Marlowe Jew of Malta i. i, Bid the merchants and my men despatch, And come ashore, and see the fraught discharg'd. 1624Capt. Smith Virginia iii. iv. 54 The fraught of this Ship being concluded to be Cedar..she was quickly reladed. 1685Dryden Thren. August. xiii, The Bark..Charg'd with thy Self and James, a doubly Royal fraught.
fig.c1430Hymns Virg. 76 Ful of synne is my secke; To þe preest y wole schewe þat frauȝte, mi schip is chargid. 1642Milton Apol. Smect. (1851) 266 To reade good Authors..till the afternoone be weary, or memory have his full fraught. 1671― Samson 1075 His habit carries peace, his brow defiance..His fraught we soon shall know, he now arrives.
3. transf. A burden, load; also fig. a fraught of water: ‘two pailfuls’ (Jam.). Obs. exc. Sc.
c1450Cov. Myst. (Shaks. Soc.) 137 As me semyth as be here fraught, ‘ffayr chylde, lullay’ sone must she syng. 1598Florio, Soma..a fraught or charge that a beast doth carie. 1614C. Brooke Ghost Rich. III, xii, Shee long'd to see, Her burth'nous fraught; at last she brought forth me. 1640G. Sandys Christ's Passion iv. 343 The Crosses now discharged of their fraught, The People fled. 1773J. Ross Fratricide (MS.) ii. 315 Having disburden'd of its fraught his breast. 1775Pratt Liberal Opin. (1783) I. 41 All load this bosom with a fraught, so sore, scarce can I cater for the daily food. a1810Tannahill Coggie Poems (1846) 141 Then, O revere the coggie, sirs!..It warsels care, it fights life's fraughts. 1891Barrie Little Minister III. 21 To carry a fraught of water to the manse.
4. Comb., as fraught money; fraught-free adj.
1570Levins Manip. 10/34 Fraught money, naulum. 1637Rutherford Let. 17 Sept. (1891) 516 To blow our poor tossed bark over the water fraught-free.
▪ II. fraught, v. Obs. exc. in pa. pple.: see next.|frɔːt|
Forms: 5 fraght, 5–7 Sc. fraucht, 6– fraught. pa. tense and pa. pple. 6–7 fraught, fraughted.
[f. prec. n.; cf. MDu. vrachten, Ger. frachten, Da. fragte, Sw. frakta.]
†1. trans. To load (a ship) with cargo: = freight v. 1. Obs.
c1400Mandeville (Roxb.) v. 15 Þai wende gladly to Cipre to fraght þer schippes with salt. 1577–87Holinshed Chron. I. 30/1 Cesar was constreined to fraught those [ships] that he could get with a greater burden. 1633T. Stafford Pac. Hib. ii. ii. (1810) 232 Hee provided a Barke, which hee fraught with Hides. 1670R. Coke Disc. Trade 30 If we..Fraught any Strangers Ship for any of the Trades, it is forfeit with all her Goods.
†b. transf. and fig. Obs.
1611Shakes. Cymb. i. i. 126 If after this command thou fraught the Court With thy vnworthinesse, thou dyest. 1612Selden Drayton's Polyolb. v. 265 note, His wife had..fraughted her selfe with a yong one. 1637Suckling Aglaura i. i, I have so fraught this Barke with hope, that it Dare venture now in any storme or weather.
†c. To hire (a vessel) for the carriage of goods or passengers. Sc. Obs.
1488Sc. Acts Jas. IV (1814) II. 209/1 And þat naine of oure souerane lordis liegis tak schippis to fraucht vnder colour to defraud oure souerane lord. 1568Satir. Poems Reform. xlvi. 62 Scho [my pynnege] will ressaif na landwart Jok. Thocht he wald frawcht hir for a croun.
†2. To carry or convey as freight: = freight v. 2. Sc. Obs.
c1425Wyntoun Cron. vi. xviii. 228 Quha evyr for his frawcht wald be For caus frawchtyd owre þat se. 1568Satir. Poems Reform. xlvi. 38 Bot, quhair scho findis a fallow fyne, He wilbe frawcht fre for a souss. 1581Sc. Act Jas. VI, c. 120 (1597) 54 That nane of them conduct, fraucht, nor pilot onie stranger, to the said Iles.
3. To store, supply, furnish with (a stock of); to equip. Obs. exc. arch.
1571Golding Calvin on Ps. lxxiii. 25 Counterfet Gods with which the comon errour or foly of y⊇ world fraughteth heaven. 1578T. P. Gorgious Gallery Gallant Invent., With phrases fine they fraught This peereles peece. 1611Speed Hist. Gt. Brit. ix. iv. §59 His new Parke at Wood⁓stocke, which he had fraught with all kinde of strange beasts. 1645Bp. Hall Remedy Discontents 61 When his better earnings have fraught his trencher with a warm, and pleasing morsell. 1878Masque Poets 27 All these vessels With deadliest poisons had been fraught.
†b. with a person as object. Obs.
1570Dee Math. Pref. 11 With what feats and Artes, he began to furnish and fraught him selfe. 1630J. Taylor (Water P.) Descr. Eng. Poetry Wks. ii. 247/2, I haue..found such obseruations as are fit, With plenitude to fraught a barren wit. a1661Fuller Worthies (1840) I. 313 So king Henry full fraught all those with wealth and rewards, whom he retained in that employment.
Hence ˈfraughting vbl. n.; ˈfraughting ppl. a., that forms a freight or cargo.
1598Florio, Porto, the cariage, bringing, or fraughting of any thing. 1610Shakes. Temp. i. ii. 12 The good Ship..and The fraughting Soules within her.
▪ III. fraught, pple. and ppl. a.|frɔːt|
Also fraughted. Forms: α. 4 frauȝt, 5 fraght, (frawth, 7 frought), 4– fraught. β. 6–8 fraughted.
[pa. pple. of fraught v.]
1. Of a vessel: Laden. Also full fraught.
α13..Coer de L. 2459 The drowmound was so hevy fraught That unethe myght it saylen aught. 1486Bk. St. Albans L j, A shippe fraght full of hawkis. c1572Gascoigne Fruites Warre cvii. Wks. (1587) 136 The ships retire wyth riches full yfraught. 1666Lond. Gaz. No. 106/1 Smaller Vessels that lay fraught for the Streights. 1756Foote Eng. Fr. Paris Prol., Our fleets come fraught with every folly home. 1827Macaulay Misc. Poems (1860) 398 His painted bark of cane Fraught for some proud bazaar's arcades.
β1563Sackville Induct. Mirr. Mag. lxxi, And furth we launch ful fraughted to the brinke. 1623Bingham Xenophon 113 In the meane time came a Ship from Heraclea fraughted with Barley-meale. 1668Lond. Gaz. No. 261/2 The ships are said to be richly fraughted.
2. transf. Stored, supplied, furnished, filled, equipped with.
α1570–6Lambarde Peramb. Kent (1826) 313 This River..was fraught with these strong and serviceable ships. 1595Spenser Hymn Heavenly Beauty xxxii, That all the world shold with his rimes be fraught! 1605Bacon Adv. Learn. i. iv. §10 The writings of Plinius..being fraught with much fabulous matter. 1669W. Simpson Hydrol. Chym. 137 The Scarborough and Malton water are better fraught and more richly laden with its Minerals. 1671Milton P.R. iii. 336 And Waggons fraught with Utensils of War. 1786F. Burney Diary 7 Nov., The little princess had excited her curiosity by the full-fraught pincushion. 1801Southey Thalaba v. iii, A desert Pelican..now, return'd from distant flight, Fraught with the river-stream, Her load of water had disburthen'd there. 1812Crabbe Tales, Procrastination 175 A silver urn with curious work was fraught.
β1574tr. Marlorat's Apocalips 32 In these dayes, when the worlde is fraughted with so manye varlettes. 1612Brinsley Lud. Lit. 176 For this matter of Theames it is fraughted full of the graue testimonies. 1651Raleigh's Ghost 165 All the books of the Prophets are even fraughted and stored with such predictions.
b. of a person or his attributes.
α14..Cast. Perseverance 94 in Eng. Miracle Plays (1890) 67 With ryche rentes thou schalt be frawth. c1530H. Rhodes Bk. Nurture 312 in Babees Bk. (1868) 90 Or thou must take it [payne] in thy age, or be fraught full of vyce. 1605Shakes. Lear i. iv. 241, I would you would make vse of your good wisedome (Whereof I know you are fraught). 1704Swift Mech. Operat. Spirit, A large Memory, plentifully fraught with Theological Polysyllables. 1803S. Pegge Anecd. Eng. Lang. 86 [He] returned to Oxford full fraught with Greek.
βa1541Wyatt Poet. Wks. (1861) 148 My heart above the brink is fraughted full of pain. 1586J. Hooker Girald. Irel. in Holinshed II. 145/1 The said lawiers..thought themselues so well fraughted with knowledge in the laws. 1647A. Ross Myst. Poet. xiv. (1675) 367 Such a father is fraughted with more griefs than Pandora's box was with mischiefs. 1798Missionary Mag. No. 24. 224 From these retreats, he often returned fraughted with light.
3. fig. fraught with:
a. attended with, carrying with it as an attribute, accompaniment, etc.;
b. ‘big’ with the promise or menace of; destined to produce.
α1576Fleming Panopl. Epist. 178 Such thinges as bee intricate and fraught with difficulties. 1650T. B. Worcester's Apoph. 89 It would in charity (with which it was so fully fraught) do no less. 1755Young Centaur vi. Wks. 1757 IV. 280 Liberty, fraught with blessings as it is, when unabused, has, perhaps, been abused to our destruction. 1840H. Ainsworth Tower of Lond. (1864) 70 This measure, which, by your own admission, is fraught with danger. 1869Lecky Europ. Mor. I. i. 148 Every event is therefore fraught with a moral import.
β1578Chr. Prayers in Priv. Prayers (1851) 485 This life of ours is fraughted with adversities. 1643Wither Campo Musæ 7 Those tedious Declarations, Which with more Wit then Truth, full fraughted came.
4. Distressed; distressing.
1966Listener 3 Mar. 330/3 All that had gone before led me to expect an end more fraught. 1967P. Purser Twentymen i. 8 Sleep didn't often withhold her favours from me but if she did it was always when the next day was going to be particularly fraught. 1970D. Francis Rat Race ix. 121 Don't look so fraught... They said it was clear there now. |