| 释义 |
▪ I. treacle, n.|ˈtriːk(ə)l|
Forms: α. 4–6 tryacle, 4–7 triacle, 5 tryacall, -cul, -kylle, -kell, 6 tri-, tryakle, tryackill, 7 triackle, -akcle; β. 5 tracle, treakill, -ylle, 6 treakil, 6–7 treakle, 4– treacle; γ. dial. 9 threeakle, traycle, etc., Sc. trykle.
[ME. tryˈacle, triˈacle, a. OF. triacle (a 1200 in Godef. Compl., s.v. Theriaque), beside tiriacle (1460), teracle (15th c.): = Prov. triacla, Sp., It. triaca, Pg. triaga, popular forms for Pr. tiriaca, Sp. teriaca, Pg. theriaga, It. teriaca, repr. a pop. late L. *triaca for thēriaca:—Gr. θηριακή antidote against a venomous bite: see theriac, theriacle. The sense development in Eng. has proceeded further than in the Romanic langs.]
I. Original sense: chiefly Obs.
†1.
a. Old Pharm. A medicinal compound, orig. a kind of salve, composed of many ingredients, formerly in repute as an alexipharmic against and antidote to venomous bites, poisons generally, and malignant diseases. Cf. theriac, theriacle. Obs.
As to its alleged composition, see theriacle.
1340Ayenb. 17 Vor-zoþe he is ine grat peril to huam alle triacle went in to uenym. c1386Chaucer Pard. Prol. 28, I almoost haue caught a Cardynacle By corpus bones but I haue triacle [v.r. treacle]. 1390Earl Derby's Exp. (Camden) 12 Pro factura unius pixidis de argento pro treacle imponendo. a1400Hylton Scala Perf. (W. de W. 1494) iii. xix, This oynement is precyous..for it is tryacle made of venym to destroy venym. c1425St. Mary of Oignies i. ix. in Anglia VIII. 143 Hee..ȝaf hym firste tryacul, þat hee myghte þe more priuely bringe in after venym. 1483Cath. Angl. 392/1 Treakylle (A. Tryakylle), tiriaca. 1535Coverdale Jer. viii. 22, I am heuy and abashed, for there is no more Triacle at Galaad. 1545J. Heywood Four P.P. Plays (1905) 46 Richer is one box of this triacle Than all thy relics that do no miracle. 1628Wither Brit. Rememb. ii. 315 A sixth of Cordials and Elixars prates; And some of Treacles, and of Mithridates. a1658Cleveland Wks. (1687) 18 Do study Salve and Triacle. 1693Sir T. P. Blount Nat. Hist. 348 The chief Use of Vipers is for the making of Treacle. 1804Med. Jrnl. XII. 139 His anti-venereal treacle, well-known for curing the venereal disease, rheumatism, scurvy, old-standing sores.
†b. transf. Anything to which alexipharmic or antidotal virtue is ascribed; a sovereign remedy.
1544T. Phaer Regim. Lyfe (1560) L viij b, A nut is called the triacle of fish, shaled and sugred with a litle rose water. 1563T. Hill Art Garden. (1593) 75 Hearb grace..may well be kept for fiue yeares, and the leaues dryed, for all poysons, and a peculiar Triacle for the poor. 1727Bradley's Fam. Dict. s.v. Garlick, To eat Garlick fasting is the Treacle of the Country People in the time of a Plague.
†c. In the names of particular kinds, with various qualifications, indicating place of origin, etc.; as treacle of Andromachus = Venice treacle; treacle of Genoa, treacle of Flanders, London treacle, Roman treacle.
1479J. Paston in P. Lett. III. 259 Send me by the next man that comyth fro London ij pottys of tryacle of Jenne,—they shall cost xvjd. 1545Rates of Customs c vj b, Tryacle of flaunders the barrell xx s. Tryacle of Jeane the pounde iiii d. 1586Ibid. F j, Treacle of Flaunders the barrel xl.s. 1651Wittie tr. Primrose's Pop. Err. i. vii. 25 That ancient, and in all ages well approved Triacle of Andromachus, as also the Mithridate of Damocrates. a1668R. Lassels Voy. Italy (1670) II. 213 The Apothecaries shop, where a Lay brother makes excellent Roman Treacle. c1720W. Gibson Farrier's Dispens. v. iii. (1734) 147 London Treacle... This seems to have been designed as a Succedaneum for the Mithridate, or Venice Treacle, and is that which the Country Apothecaries sell the Farriers under the general Name of Treacle, which many of the latter distinguish from the common Molossus-Treacle, by calling it, The Doctor's, or the Apothecaries Treacle. 1753J. Bartlet Gentl. Farrier iii. 27 Genoa treacle twelve ounces, oil of anniseed one ounce.
2. fig. Obs. or arch.
a1310in Wright Lyric P. v. 26 Trewe triacle y-told with tonges in trone. 1340Ayenb. 144 Þe oþer..hatte þe yefþ of pite. Þet is propreliche a dyau and a triacle a-ye alle kueadnesse, and nameliche aye þet uenim of zenne of enuie. c1430Lydg. Min. Poems (Percy Soc.) 236 The name of Jhesu! Geyn goostly venyms, holsomest tryacle. 1529More Dyaloge iv. Wks. 273/2 Nowe tourne they the tryacle of holye scrypture quite into poyson. 1573G. Harvey Letter-bk. (Camden) 22 Let me understand a part how your London triacle hath wrouht against your Cambridg poisun. 1635Quarles Embl. v. xi. 42 Thou art the treacle that must make me sound. 1641Milton Ch. Govt. ii. Concl., Wks. 1851 III. 178 With the sovran treacle of sound doctrine..to fortifie their hearts against her Hierarchy. [1883J. Parker Tyne Ch. 267 Where is the triacle, the treacle, the balm, that drops its sacred healing on the soul's leprosy?]
†3. Entering into the names of plants formerly reputed to have medicinal virtues, as
churl's t., Garlic (Allium sativum); countryman's t., (a) Garlic; (b) Rue (Ruta graveolens); (c) Great Valerian (V. officinalis); English t., Water Germander (Teucrium Scordium); poor man's t., (a) Garlic; (b) Hedge Garlic (Alliaria officinalis). Obs.
1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. xvii. x. (Tollem, MS.), Tame garlek..was not with oute cause clepid triacle of cherles [orig. tiriacum rusticorum]. 1538Turner Libellus, Chamedrys,..anglice Germander aut englysshe tryacle dicitur. 1548― Names of Herbes, Camedrys,..in englishe Germander or englishe Triacle. 1551[see English a. 2 b]. 1578Lyte Dodeons v. lxxi. 638 Garlyke..is good against all venome & poyson... Therefore Galen..called it poore mens Treacle. 1597Gerarde Herbal App., Churles Treacle is Allium. 1611Cotgr., Ail, Garlicke, poore-mans Treacle. Ibid., Trissage, Germaunder, English Treacle. 1661J. Childrey Brit. Baconica 23 The Country men in Cornwall are great eaters of Garlick for healths sake, whence they call it there, the Country mans Treacle. 1745–7T. Short Med. Brit. (ed. 2) 246 Rue..or the Country Man's Treacle. Ibid. 295 It [Valeriana officinalis] is called the Countryman's Treacle. 1866Treas. Bot., Countryman's treacle, an old name for Ruta graveolens.
II.
4. a. The uncrystallized syrup produced in the process of refining sugar; also sometimes extended to the uncrystallizable syrup that drains from raw sugar; = molasses 1. (See Note there.)
1694W. Westmacott Script. Herb. (1695) 6 Good store of Molossus or common Treacle to sweeten it. 1727–41Chambers Cycl. s.v. Sugar, Sugar of syrop, or treacle... There are three kinds of syrops that run from sugar... The Dutch and German refiners first taught the islanders how to turn their treacle into sugar. 1731[see molasses 1]. 1789Mrs. Piozzi Journ. France I. 84 Few of us could return..to..a roll and treacle. 1838Dickens Nich. Nick. viii, They have the brimstone and treacle..in the way of medicine. 1873F. Hall Mod. Eng. 128 note, The very marked distinction between molasses and treacle is commonly ignored in America, where the latter is seldom heard. 1902Greenough & Kittredge Words 267 ‘Treacle’ is applied indifferently to the ‘spume of sugar’, to ‘maple syrup’, and to ‘molasses’.
b. An inspissated saccharine juice obtained from various trees and plants: see quots.
1731–3P. Shaw Chem. Lect. x. (1755) 193 A Kind of Treacle from Malt might be procured in cheap Years, for the Service of the Vinegar-maker, the Brewer, and the Distiller. 1753Chambers Cycl. Supp. s.v., Dr. Shaw, in his Essay on Distillery, has endeavoured to bring into use several sorts of Treacles, which..would serve..for the distillation of spirits, or the making of potable liquors. These are the inspissated juices or decoctions of vegetables: Such as the sweet juice of the birch, or sycamore. 1839Darwin Voy. Nat. xii. (1879) 256 Palm..Valuable on account of a sort of treacle made from the sap. 1902[see 4].
c. fig. Something sweet or clogging; esp. complimentary laudation, blandishment; cf. butter 1 f.
1771Smollett Humph. Cl. 13 July, He began to sweeten the natural acidity of his discourse with the treacle of compliment and commendation. 1819Keats Let. 23 Aug., in Rossetti Life (1887) 146, I equally dislike the favour of the public, with the love of a woman; they are both a cloying treacle to the wings of independence. 1860Reade Cloister & H. lxxv, ‘Oh, you nasty, cross old wretch!’ screamed Catherine, passing in a moment from treacle to sharpest vinegar.
III. 5. attrib. and Comb.: in sense 1, as treacle-box, treacle-monger, treacle plaster, treacle-pot, treacle tap; sense 4, as treacle-pad (see quot.), treacle phrase, treacle-pot, treacle pud(ding, treacle toffee, treacle-well; treacle-like adj.; treacle ale, beer, a light ale or beer brewed from treacle and water; Treacle Bible, a collectors' name for any of the English versions or editions of the Bible having ‘triacle’ or ‘treacle’ where others have ‘balm’, as in Jer. viii. 22, etc.; treacle-butter-cake, see quot.; treacle-carrier, treacle-conner, contemptuous terms for an itinerant quack doctor or medical practitioner; treacle-moon, contemptuous for honey-moon; treacle-parkin = parkin; treacle-posset, a hot drink made of cider or milk and treacle; treacle sleep colloq., a deep, unbroken sleep; treacle-vinegar, treacle-water, a cordial distilled with a spirituous menstruum from Venice treacle, with other drugs and simples. See also treacle clover, mustard.
a1833A. Picken in Casquet of Lit. (1896) V. 195/2 Ye shall taste my wife's *treacle ale.
1806Naval Chron. XV. 264 The liquor to which he was most partial was *treacle beer.
1899B. Quaritch's Rough List No. 193. 40 Cranmer's Bible..1569... This is also a *Treacle Bible.
1457Will of Poole (Somerset Ho.), A siluer *triacle boxe.
1828Craven Gloss., *Treacle-butter-cake, oat cake spread over with treacle.
1621Molle Camerar. Liv. Libr. iii. xii. 187 These Mounte⁓banks, *Triacle-carriers, and such other Dog-leaches.
1706E. Baynard in Sir J. Floyer Hot & Cold Bath. ii. 227 One of the Tribe of *Treacle-conners..whether Apothecary or Physician, I can't tell.
1871Garrod Mat. Med. (ed. 3) 329 Tar is a reddish-black, *treacle-like liquid.
1411Close Roll 12 Hen. IV, m. 7 d, Henricus Kirtone..*Treacle-monger.
1815Byron Let. to Moore 2 Feb., The *treacle-moon is over, and I am awake and find myself married.
1906Daily Chron. 5 Nov. 6/6 Once more the old ‘*treacle-pad trick’ has been employed by burglars. Part of the window is smeared with treacle, which is then covered with a sheet of thick brown paper.
1626Art. agst. Dk. Buckhm. in Rushw. Hist. Coll. (1659) I. 352 Strange effects to follow upon the applying of a *Treacle plaister.
1739E. Smith Compl. Housewife (ed. 9) 319 Those who can't afford mountain-whey, may drink *treacle-posset. 1876J. S. Bristowe The. & Pract. Med. (1878) 627 Frequent sipping of warm milk, barley-water, gruel, or ‘treacle posset’.
1466Sir J. Paston in P. Lett. II. 293, I send yow..iij. *tracle pottes of Geane. 1769J. Berridge Wks. (1864) 444 Like children, always wanting the treacle-pot.
1974I. Murdoch Sacred & Profane Love Machine 314 What about some *treacle pud, it's awfully good here.
1861Mrs. Beeton Bk. Househ. Managem. 688 Rolled *treacle pudding..suet crust..treacle..grated ginger.
1841Carlyle in Froude Life in Lond. viii. (1884) I. 210, I fell first into sluggish torpor, then into *treacle-sleep, and so lay sound as a stone. 1973‘H. Howard’ Highway to Murder x. 117, I slept a treacle sleep from nine p.m. until the alarm clock went off..next morning.
a1500Piers of Fullham 228 in Hazl. E.P.P. II. 10 Yn tyme therfore tye up yowr *tryacle tappe; Let not to long thy fawset renne.
1885R. Holland Gloss. Words County of Chester 367 *Traycle toffy, s., sometimes called toffy sticks, a very favourite sweetmeat amongst Cheshire school children. 1924‘R. Crompton’ William—the Fourth viii. 124 William was..deeply engrossed in his treacle toffee. 1983‘A. T. Ellis’ Other Side of Fire xx. 133 Think what fun it will be..parkin and treacle toffee.
1727–41Chambers Cycl. s.v. Theriaca, Treacle water, and *treacle vinegar are found good preservatives against putrid air.
1727–41Chambers Cycl. s.v. Water, *Treacle-Water..is directed..to be made of green walnuts, rue, carduus, marigold, baum, butter-bur-roots, burdock, angelica, master-wort, water-germander, Venice-treacle, mithridate, canary-vinegar, and lemon-juice, steeped and distilled... A more simple treacle-water, made from venice treacle, with an equal quantity of brandy and vinegar.
1865‘L. Carroll’ Alice's Adventures in Wonderland vii. 107 The Dormouse..said, ‘It was a *treacle-well.’ 1909Blackw. Mag. May 605/1 A University College varies its facial expression about as frequently as the Sphinx and about as violently as a treacle-well.
▸ treacle tart n. chiefly Brit. a pastry tart with a filling containing treacle, golden syrup, or molasses.
1882Bangor (Maine) Daily Whig & Courier (Electronic text) 17 Apr. The subject of the lessons to-day will be as follows:..boiled apple pudding, stewed steak, haddock stuffed and baked, boiled vegetables and *treacle tart. 1993Town & Country Sept. 46/2 Oh, the magic of roly-poly pudding with custard; treacle tart; and, that queen of puddings, trifle.
▪ II. ˈtreacle, v.
[f. prec. n.]
†1. trans. To make into a ‘treacle’; to give the qualities of a ‘treacle’ to. Obs. rare—1.
c1500Bollard tr. Godfredus on Palladius, To make a vyne treaclede.
2. a. To smear or spread with treacle; to dose with (brimstone and) treacle; to sweeten or render palatable with treacle (also fig.).
1838Dickens Nich. Nick. viii, A long row of boys waiting..to be treacled. 1873Daily News 11 Nov. 5/4 The pill may be treacled with apparent concessions. 1906Daily Chron. 28 Mar. 1/7 ‘Treacle’ thieves..treacled the window.., broke the glass with a brick, and stole eight trays of jewellery. Mod. We treacle the trunks of trees, in order to attract moths.
b. To catch (moths) by attracting them with treacle or the like spread on trees. Also intr.
1905Daily Chron. 29 June 8/1 Country rambles with long-handled nets and cool summer night trips, ‘treacling’ moths. 1915H. G. Wells Boon iv. 124 Going round with the lantern when one is treacling for moths. 1941― You can't be too Careful iii. xxii. 218 As moth hunters treacle for moths.
3. intr. To flow as treacle, to trickle. humorous nonce-use.
1899‘A. Hope’ King's Mirror xxiii, I could almost see the words treacling from his thick lips. 1966J. Betjeman High & Low 25 In blest Bethesda's limpid pool Comes treacling out of Sunday School.
Hence treacled |ˈtriːk(ə)ld| ppl. a., smeared with treacle; ˈtreacling vbl. n.
1895Daily News 11 Oct. 7/3 The thieves..smashed the window, having previously placed some treacled paper upon it to deaden the sound. 1903Daily Chron. 10 June 7/2 There were barely enough flies to make a decent show on the treacled paper which constitutes his advertisement. 1913Daily Citizen Oct. 4/2 The catching of insects by this method of treacling requires great experience before it is successful. |