| 释义 |
▪ I. forward, a., adv. and n.|ˈfɔːwəd|
Forms: 1 fore-, forweard, -węrd, 4–7 foreward(e, 4–6 forwarde, 6 foret, 9 dial. forat, -et, forrad, -at, 4– forward. See also forrit.
[OE. for(e)weard, adj. and adv.; see fore adv. and -ward. The adj. seems to have become obsolete after the OE. period, and to have been redeveloped from the adv. in the 16th c. The adv. (OE. foreweard) was app. in origin the neut. acc. of the adj.]
A. adj.
†1. In OE. used in partitive concord: The front part of (any thing material); the first or earliest part of (a period of time, etc.). Obs.
c900tr. Bæda's Hist. v. xiii. [xii]. (1891) 422 In forewearde neaht. c1000ælfric Hom. II. 266 Ure Forewearde heafod.
2. a. Situated in the fore part. Obs. exc. techn.
1601Shakes. All's Well v. iii. 39 Let's take the instant by the forward top. 1692Luttrell Brief Rel. (1857) II. 503 The guides conducted the forwardest of the party..a wrong way. 1876Holland Sevenoaks x. 131 He fixed a knob of tallow upon the forward sight of Mr. Balfour's gun.
b. Naut. Belonging to the fore part (of a vessel).
1881Daily Tel. 24 Feb., The nine forward men are divided into three watches. 1893Westm. Gaz. 21 Mar. 5/3 The forward-house and forecastle bulkhead were stove in.
†c. Principal, foremost, chief. Obs.
1581Savile Tacitus' Agric. (1622) 184 Many haue beene wasted by casuall chances, the most sufficient and forward by the cruelty of the Prince.
d. That lies in front; now only, that lies in the direction towards which one is moving.
1643Lightfoot Glean. Ex. (1648) 17 In the five preceding Plagues, the obduration of Pharaohs heart is attributed to himselfe, in these five forward, it is attributed to God. 1800–24Campbell Dream ii, Shadow'd in the forward distance Lay the land of Death. 1844Kinglake Eothen xvii. (1878) 233 Out of the forward horizon.
3. a. Directed towards a point in advance, onward; also ‘outward’ as opposed to ‘return’.
1603Drayton Bar. Wars i. xlvi, She [fortune], dispos'd his forward course to let. 1814Cary Dante, Par. xxix. 136 Let us seek The forward path again. 1840Bury Select Comm. on Railw. Q. 2398 You spoke of sending an engine to meet the train; on what line would that go?—It must go on the forward line. 1844H. H. Wilson Brit. India II. 46 General Wood was compelled..to undertake a forward movement. 1884G.W.R. Time Tables July 87 Return Tickets are available..for completion of the forward and backward journeys.
b. Of the face: (Looking) straight in front.
1700Dryden Cymon & Iph. 594 The lovers close the rear, With forward faces not confessing fear. 1850Tennyson In Mem. cxiv, She [knowledge] sets her forward countenance And leaps into the future chance.
c. Of a ship's beak: Moving onwards.
1871R. Ellis tr. Catullus lxiv. 12 Scarcely the forward snout tore up that wintery water.
d. forward play in Cricket: the method of playing forward: see the adv. 3 b. So forward batsman, forward block, forward cut, forward drive, forward glance, forward lunge, forward player, forward point, forward stroke. Cf. backward a. 1.
1876Haygarth's Cricket Scores & Biogr. 1855–75 v. 38 A steady, forward batsman.
1849Boy's Own Bk. 85 Smother it by the forward block. 1851J. Pycroft Cricket Field vii. 145 The Forward Cut..sends the ball between point and middle wicket.
1836E. Jesse Angler's Rambles 301 He would draw diagrams of the angles of incidence and reflexion: shew..the exact length which he could cover in a forward drive. 1903P. F. Warner in H. G. Hutchinson Cricket iii. 64 The back glance and the forward glance have practically taken the place of the leg hit.
1861‘Old Cricketer’ Cricket-Bat 66 The forward cut, also called the forward lounge, is an off hit.
1828G. T. Knight in W. Denison Cricket: Sk. Players (1846) 41 The method then [c 1804] introduced was running in at the ball, hard hitting, and a bold forward play. 1891W. G. Grace Cricket §4 in Outdoor Games & Recr. 19 Practise both backward and forward play. 1851J. Pycroft Cricket Field vii. 126 The best forward players may err. 1870Forward player [see backward a. 1].
1851J. Pycroft Cricket Field xi. 222 With a fine forward player, a near Middle-wicket or forward point often snaps up a catch. 1897Ranjitsinhji in Daily News 10 Aug. 6/1 In order to make a forward-stroke effectively aggressive, the batsman must throw himself into the correct attitude. 1906A. E. Knight Compl. Cricketer ii. 66 A forward stroke..generally known in our time as the ‘Push stroke’.
e. forward movement: recently often used to denote a special effort made by a political party, a religious or benevolent organization, etc., in order to make more rapid progress. Cf. 9.
1896Indep. & Nonconf. 31 Dec. 494 The Colonial Missionary Society Forward Movement. 1897Westm. Gaz. 9 Jan., The Liberal Forward Movement.
4. Comm. Of a business transaction, contract, delivery, exchange, material etc.: Prospective, relating to future produce.
1883Manch. Exam. 6 Nov. 4/4 In the old days, when it took three or four months to send out goods to India..there was a real ground for forward buying. 1891Daily News 23 Nov. 2/7 The rate for good furnace coke is 14s...but consumers will not pay this price for forward contracts. 1930M. Clark Home Trade 107 ‘Forward delivery’ [means] that the goods will be delivered..at a future date. 1930[see forward adv. 1 c]. 1957Economist 21 Dec. 1076/2 If they could offset that reduction cheaply by larger purchases of forward rubber they might do so, but rubber three months forward commands a premium of about ½d. per lb. 1962Ibid. 28 Apr. 367/2 A forward exchange operation is a contract to exchange one currency for another at a future date at a rate of exchange fixed now.
5. a. That is in an advanced state or condition; progressing towards maturity or completion. Chiefly predicative and barely distinguishable from the adv.
1526Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 72 b, How moche we profyte & be forewarde in euery day by our labour. 1561T. Hoby tr. Castiglione's Courtyer i. C b, It is nowe well forwarde in nyghte. 1743Bulkeley & Cummins Voy. S. Seas 86 To acquaint him how forward the Boat was [in making]. 1805Med. Jrnl. XVII. 515 The [vaccinated] arms of Sarah..were in a more forward state than the rest. 1848Jrnl. R. Agric. Soc. IX. i. 7 The sheep..get exceedingly forward in condition. 1866Mrs. H. Wood St. Martin's Eve iv, A sturdy little fellow..sufficiently forward in walking to get about the room.
b. Of a plant, a crop, or the season: Well advanced, early.
1591Shakes. Two Gent. i. i. 45 As the most forward Bud Is eaten by the Canker ere it blow. 1601R. Johnson Kingd. & Commw. (1603) 13 The inhabitants of Turon..enjoy as forward a summer, as those of Provence. 1707Curios. in Husb. & Gard. 254 Fruit, the soundest and forwardest of any on the Tree. 1796C. Marshall Garden. xix. (1813) 344 Sow three or four seeds..in a small pot, which being placed on a gentle heat, will be much forwarder and finer. 1821Clare Vill. Minstr. I. 18 He 'gins again 'Bout signs in weather, late or forward spring. 1832H. Martineau Homes Abroad ii. 23 Place our hungry brethren where nature's work is forwardest.
c. Of a pregnant animal: in or with foal, etc.
1684Lond. Gaz. No. 1910/4 A Red Cow..forward with Calf. 1707Ibid. No. 4312/3 Lost..a bay Saddle Mare..forward in Fole. 1839Lincoln, etc. Gaz. 12 Feb. 2/3 Eleven ewes forward in lamb. 1857Jrnl. R. Agric. Soc. XVIII. i. 19 The mares are indulged a little as they get forward with foal.
6. a. Ready, prompt, eager (in an action or a cause); esp. with const. to (do something).
1523Ld. Berners Froiss. I. xxxi. 45 At the first assaute he was so forwarde, that he was stryken to the erth. a1568R. Ascham Scholem. i. (Arb.) 56 God grafte in vs the trewe knowledge of his woorde, with a forward will to folowe it. 1631Gouge God's Arrows v. Ded. 406 Be not backward to patronize what you have been forward to produce. a1633Austin Medit. (1635) 231 Neither can it be collected..that hee [St. Bartholomew] was ever forward of his Tongue, as some of the Rest were. 1644Laud Wks. (1854) IV. 181 His Majesty's piety was so forward, that nothing needed to be extorted from him. 1702C. Mather Magn. Chr. ii. App. (1852) 203 He was much forwarder to give his assent than they were to ask it. 1818Jas. Mill Brit. India III. vi. i. 52 Their followers were to be ranked as the most forward and loud, who denounced parliament as so corrupt. 1875M. Pattison Casaubon 40 Authors were always forward to send him copies of their learned publications.
†b. Inclined to or for (something). Obs.
1581J. Bell Haddon's Answ. Osor. 256 b, If I had bene..so foreward to sedition..there wanted not..fautoures of the cause. 1681Baxter Apol. Nonconf. Min. 4 The forwardest to Peace. 1727Swift Art Polite Lying Wks. 1755 III. i. 118 A hot-headed crack-brained coxcomb forward for a scheme of moderation.
c. Ardent, eager, spirited, zealous. ? Obs.
1587Fleming Contn. Holinshed III. 1551/2 Three sonnes, all forward, martiall, and valorous gentlemen. 1593Shakes. Rich. II, iv. i. 72 How fondly do'st thou spurre a forward Horse? 1611Tourneur Ath. Trag. ii. i. Wks. 1878 I. 41 His forward spirit press'd into the front. 1680Otway Orphan i. i, They both have forward, gen'rous active Spirits. 1804Wellington in Gurw. Desp. III. 468 He is a gallant, forward officer.
d. transf. and fig. of things. ? Obs.
1605Camden Rem. Ded. 1 This..Treatise was once vnaduisedly forward to haue bin dedicated to your good worship. But..It recalled it selfe in good time. 1695Blackmore Pr. Arth. i. 654 Their forward genius without teaching grows. 1719De Foe Crusoe ii. iii, These stakes also, being of a wood very forward to grow. 1736Butler Anal. i. i. Wks. 1874 I. 18 We are accustomed, from our youth up, to indulge that forward delusive faculty [imagination].
7. Well-advanced for one's years, precocious.
1591Lyly Endym. ii. ii, It will be a forward cock that croweth in the shell. 1593Shakes. 3 Hen. VI, i. i. 203 Long liue thou, and these thy forward Sonnes. 1600― A.Y.L. iii. iii. 14 When..a mans good wit [cannot be] seconded with the forward childe vnderstanding. 1714Restoration in Villiers' Wks. (1775) 8 He's a pretty forward boy about four and twenty. 1869Princess Alice Mem. 25 Apr. (1884) 215 My children..are so forward, clever, and spirited.
8. In bad sense: Presumptuous, pert; bold, immodest.
1561T. Norton Calvin's Inst. iii. xxii. (1634) 454 Some..doe raile at this doctrine with greater maliciousnesse, than that their forward pride ought to be suffered. 1602Warner Alb. Eng. ix. xlvii. (1612) 221 They tould how forward Maidens weare, how proude if in request. a1704T. Brown Praise Poverty Wks. 1730 I. 94 A forward prating cox⁓comb. 1711Steele Spect. No. 51 ⁋1, I have..a great Aversion to the forward Air and Fashion which is practised in all publick Places. 1775Sheridan Duenna i. iv, Clara..would think this step of mine highly forward. 1806–7J. Beresford Miseries Hum. Life (1826) vii. lxix, Hearing your favourite poem..mammocked by the mouth of a forward Puppy. 1844Dickens Mart. Chuz. xl, ‘The favouritest young for'ard huzzy of a servant gal as ever come into a house.’ 1888J. Payn Myst. Mirbridge v, ‘Do you call him forward?’..‘He was certainly free in his manners’.
9. Of persons, opinions: Advanced, extreme; in mod. use, favouring vigorous aggressive action.
1608F. Johnson Cert. Reasons & Argts. To Rdr., The Books of the forward Preachers now abroad. 1885Pall Mall G. 7 May 1/2 You of all people in the world, the Forwardest of the Forward school, cannot complain of the advance of Empire. 1887Ibid. 10 June 7/1 Denouncing outrage and dynamite, and what are generally known as ‘forward’ measures.
B. adv.
1. a. Of extent in time: Towards the future, immediately afterwards and continuously onwards. Chiefly (and now only) in phrases from this day (time, etc.) forward. † Also, from this, from hence, (from) now, and so forward. Cf. forth adv. 3.
a1000Cædmon's Gen. 788 (Gr.) Gif hie wolden lare godes forweard fremman. a1300Cursor M. 5480 (Gött.) In egipt held he þaim ful hard, As i sal tell you sone forward. Ibid. 13958 (Gött.) Ai fra þat dai for-warde..þe Iuus..soght iesu to do to dede. 1303R. Brunne Handl. Synne 744 Alle my oþys grete Fro þys forwarde wyl y lete. c1391Chaucer Astrol. ii. §12, & fro that time forward..shal the verrey degree of the sonne shewe the howr of the planete. c1440Gesta Rom. lxi. 261 (Harl. MS.), I Resseyve [yow] fro hens forwarde to my Ioye. 1552Latimer Serm. 2nd Sund. in Advent (1562) 132 If we..intend to amend our life now forward. 1600Holland Livy ii. xli. 71 This is the first time that the law Agraria was published: and so forward unto this present hower, it was never debated of. c1680Beveridge Serm. (1729) I. 547 From that time forward whatsoever he did..was in order to that end. 1853Maurice Proph. & Kings iii. 42 From that day forward..the Spirit of God came upon David. 1871Smiles Charac. iii. (1876) 68 The elder student from that time forward acted as the Mentor of the younger one.
b. With vbs., as look, think: esp. to look forward: to look ahead, to look expectantly towards the future or to a coming event.
1741Watts Improv. Mind i. i. Wks. (1813) 9 To think forward a little. 1742Richardson Pamela III. 343 One who can look forwarder than the Nine Days of Wonder. 1768Foote Devil on 2 Sticks i. Wks. 1799 II. 249 Banish your fears, and let us look forward, my love. 1816Keatinge Trav. (1817) II. 23 Like chess-players, they seem always to look three moves forward. 1837Disraeli Venetia iii. i, His visit to the hall was looked forward to with interest. 1875Jowett Plato (ed. 2) IV. 45 He looks forward to all future systems sharing the fate of the past.
c. Comm. For future delivery or payment. to date forward: to postdate.
1882Daily News 4 Mar., The orders being neither numerous nor large, and not a few dated forward. 1884Manch. Exam. 12 May 4/4 Dating forward..is a thing unknown among shippers, for payment is usually made a week or so after the goods have been delivered. 1894Daily News 28 Mar. 7/3 Maize still..dear, but cheaper forward. 1930Economist 23 Aug. 350/1 It by no means follows that the policy of buying forward will always operate to the buyer's advantage, for unless a foreign buyer simultaneously covers himself by a corresponding forward exchange operation, he may find that an adverse movement of the exchange has destroyed his profit on the shipment.
†2.
a. Onward or further on in a series; onwards from a specified point. and so forward: = and so forth, et cetera. Cf. forth adv. 2. Obs.
c1440Promp. Parv. 173/2 Forwarde, or more vttyr, ultra, ulterius. 1582N. Lichefield tr. Castanheda's Conq. E. Ind. i. 2 a, Whether that from the Cape of Buena Esperansa forwarde there were anye Nauigation to the East India. 1583Stubbes Anat. Abus. ii. (1882) 34 If sixtie would serue, they must have an hundred, and so forward. 1659Hammond On Ps. Annot. 3 From that tenth Psalm forward. 1663Marvell Corr. xlvii. Wks. 1872–5 II. 96, I am this day beginning my long voyage to Archangel, and so forward.
b. In the first place, foremost: in phr. first and forward. Obs.
1362Langl. P. Pl. A. x. 127 Furst and foreward to folk that ben i-weddet. c1386Chaucer Melib. ⁋275 First and forward, ye han erred in [etc.].
3. a. Towards the front, in the direction which a person or thing faces. forward of (U.S.): in front of. to put or set foot forward: see foot n. 29.
1513More in Grafton Chron. (1568) II. 758 He came into the world with the feete forward. 1548etc. [see foot n. 29]. 1669Sturmy Mariner's Mag. ii. 82, I..bow the Head forward or backward, or over the one side or the other. 1674Playford Skill Mus. ii. 103 You must begin with your Bow forward, though the Bow be drawn forward the Note before. 1703Moxon Mech. Exerc. 226 Its middle part..stands about an Inch forwarder than the Foreside of the Puppet. 1762Foote Lyar iii. Wks. 1799 I. 308 Your hood a little forwarder, Miss. 1811Lett. fr. Eng. II. xlix. 270 The skirts of the coat..brought forward to meet over the thigh. 1852J. H. Newman Scope Univ. Educ. 242 He may have no power at all of advancing one step forward of himself. 1856C. J. Andersson Lake Ngami 256 The ostrich..always strikes forward [with its foot]. 1891M. S. Wilkins Humble Rom. 165 Two little thin dancing curls..just forward of her cap!
b. to play forward, in Cricket: to reach forward in order to play a rather short-pitched ball.
1851J. Pycroft Cricket Field x. 191 A good ball..is pushed forward to middle wicket. Ibid., Shortleg is standing sharp in forward. 1884Lillywhite's Cricket Ann. 101 Rather too fond of playing forward. 1891W. G. Grace Cricket §5 in Outdoor Games & Recr. 23 If he [the batsman]..plays forward, pitch shorter and shorter..until he makes a mistake.
4. a. Of continuous motion: Towards what is in front; (moving) onwards, on.
a1400–50Alexander 847 Þe faster forward him he faris þe faster he snapirs. 1526Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 8 b, Suche..be not mete to..go forwarde in this pilgrymage. 1639Fuller Holy War iv. viii. (1840) 190 His ships were manned, victualled, and sailing forward. 1697W. Dampier Voy. I. xiii. 346 Meeting very strong Westerly Winds, we got nothing forward in many days. 1732Berkeley Alciphr. iv. §15 In case they walk straight forward, in half a hour they shall meet men. 1791Mrs. Radcliffe Rom. Forest i, He was desirous to hasten forward. 1855Mrs. Gatty Parables fr. Nat. Ser. i. (1869) 50 The river is rushing forward; the clouds are hurrying onward.
b. with ellipsis of some part of the vb. go. Also Mil., as a word of command forward! for'ard on! in Fox-hunting: of the fox: Gone on in front.
a1533Ld. Berners Huon lv. 186 His horse wolde nother forwarde nor backe warde. 1583Golding Calvin on Deut. xv. 86 Therefore let us on forewarde as he commandeth. 1833Regul. Instr. Cavalry i. 25 The word Forward..is given by the commander. 1848W. K. Kelly tr. L. Blanc's Hist. Ten Y. II. 207 Ibrahim..had but to cry ‘Forward’, and Constantinople was his.
c. In advance, in front, ahead.
1838Thirlwall Greece V. 369 Dercylus seems to have been sent forward. 1860Tyndall Glac. i. xxv. 182 One of our porters..was sent forward to test the [snow] bridge.
d. back or backward and forward: to and fro; see back adv. 14 and backward adv. 5 b.
5. To the front or to a prominent position (from being behind or in the background), into view; esp. in phrases, as to bring forward (see also bring v. 17). to come forward: see come v. 62; also, to come into existence. to put forward or set forward: to put forth, advance, allege, offer; also refl. to give oneself (undue) prominence.
1611Bible 2 Esdras iii. 6 Before euer the earth came forward. 1651Hobbes Leviath. iii. xl. 252 To set forward..such doctrine as was agreeable to Moses. 1783Burke Rep. Affairs Ind. Wks. XI. 304 He certainly has it in his power..to keep it back, and bring it forward at his own times. 1794Mrs. Radcliffe Myst. Udolpho xliv, Dorothee, who had lingered far behind, was called forward. 1836Newman Parochial Sermons (ed. 2) II. xxiv. 325 Now, it is plain that there are two sorts of men in the world;—those who put themselves forward, and speak much; and those who retire. 1849James Woodman xviii, Who are you, my good friend, who put yourself so forward? 1895C. Kernahan God & Ant Apol. (ed. 4) 9 The worst of all reasons which inexperienced writers put forward for setting pen to paper.
†6.
a. In front, on the front or front side. Obs.
1618Bolton Florus i. xviii. 57 All their wounds were forward. 1663Gerbier Counsel 101 Caused..the windowes which were forward to be made up.
b. fig. In a prominent position.
1796Burke Let. to C. J. Fox Wks. 1842 II. 391 A young man..who stands very forward in parliament.
7. a. At an advanced point; at a point or position which is beyond or further than another. Cf. forth adv. 4.
1523Ld. Berners Froiss. I. xvii. 18 All his barones went out of the cite, and y⊇ first nyght they lodged vi. myle forwarde. 1611Bible Num. xxxii. 19 Wee will not inherite with them on yonder side Iordane, or forward. 1647Sprigge Anglia Rediv. iv. ii. 189 To secure the landing of Irish or Welch supplies so much the forwarder towards the east. 1656H. Phillips Purch. Patt. (1676) 162 Adding a cipher, and setting the (·) a figure forwarder. 1712J. James tr. Le Blond's Gardening 52 A little forwarder you find small Cross-ways with four Alleys.
b. Of time: In advance.
1571Hanmer Chron. Irel. (1633) 38, I thinke they are too forward in their computation. 1810Vince Elem. Astron. xxiv. 289 The time at the place of observation is forwarder than that at Greenwich.
8. Naut.
a. Of motion: Towards the fore part of a vessel.
1669Sturmy Mariner's Mag. i. 17 Hawl forward the main Bowline. 1743Bulkeley & Cummins Voy. S. Seas 15 The Carpenter going forward to inspect the Chain-Plates.
b. Of position: At or in the fore part of a vessel. forward of (U.S.): in front of. † forward on: at the fore end, forward.
1630J. Taylor (Water P.) Wks. i. 88/1 The Sayler imagined that his horse was too much laden ahead, or fore⁓ward on (as the sea phrase is). 1688Lond. Gaz. No. 2317/1 Captain Killegrew..being at the same time forward by the Gang-Way. 1691T. H[ale] Acc. New Invent. 124 The butt-ends..have been as it were abolished forward on for the easie passage of the Vessel through the water. 1743Bulkeley & Cummins Voy. S. Seas 110 Being oblig'd to lie forward with the Men. 1794Nelson 5 Nov. in Nicolas Disp. I. 504 Transports laying..with their Truce Flag hoisted forward. 1840R. H. Dana Bef. Mast xxii. 67 Her only fault being..that she was wet forward. a1864Hawthorne Amer. Note-bks. (1879) I. 112 Forward of the ward-room..is the midshipmen's room.
9. fig. Onward, so as to progress or advance. Chiefly in phr. to go forward (rarely with ellipsis of go): to be in progress or ‘on foot’, to be going on. to build forward: to continue building.
1513More in Grafton Chron. (1568) II. 760 There must it needes be long ere any good conclusion go forwarde. 1535Coverdale Ezra iii. 8 To se that the worke of the house of the Lorde wente forwarde. a1600Hooker in Eccl. Pol. v. (1888) App. i. §3 It is the nature of Gods most bountiful disposition to build forward where his foundation is once laid. 1610Shakes. Temp. iii. ii. 91 Now forward with your Tale. 1665Manley Grotius' Low C. Warres 177 He would not forget to help forward the Belgick Affairs. 1717tr. Frezier's Voy. S. Sea 119 The Climate is so fertile..that the Fruit is coming forward all the Year. 1766Goldsm. Vic. W. xi, Mr. Burchell..was always fond of seeing some innocent amusement going forward. 1788Franklin Autobiog. Wks. 1840 I. 181, I am got forward too fast with my story. 1793Smeaton Edystone L. §124 My models and preparatory matters were now so far brought forward. 1832H. Martineau Life in Wilds i. 18 Dinner was going forward. 1865Sat. Rev. 5 Aug. 165 Unless..extreme partisans..make concessions, there is no getting any forwarder. 1891R. Kipling City Dreadf. Nt. 43 Let's go in here—there may be something forward.
10. Phrases. to put forward or set forward (a person): to start onward, give a start to. lit. and fig. to set forward (intr.): to start on a journey, set out.
1546J. Heywood Prov. (1867) 17 Set forward, ye shall neuer labour yonger. 1582N. Lichefield tr. Castanheda's Conq. E. Ind. vii. 18 Such gale as would serue to put him forward on his iourney. 1650T. Hubbert Pill Formality 202 The trips and slidings shall but set thee forwarder on thy journey. 1766Goldsm. Vic. W. iii, The next morning we all set forward together. 1832H. Martineau Hill & Valley ii. 19 To set his young people forward in the same way of life with himself. 1859Jephson Brittany xvi. 258 Her godfather..straightway sets forward to avenge her death.
11. Comb.
a. with pres. pple., as forward-bearing, forward-creeping, forward-flowing, forward-looking adjs.b. with pa. pple., as forward-turned adj.c. forward-looker.
1647H. More Song of Soul iii. ii. xxiii, Strong *forward-bearing will or appetite.
1850Tennyson In Mem. ciii. 37 The *forward-creeping tides.
1830― Recoll. Arab. Nts. i, The *forward-flowing tide of time.
1919Mencken Amer. Lang. ix. 302 The *forward-looker, whose belief in the continuity..of the evolutionary process takes on the virulence of a religious faith. 1923[see Babbitt]. 1933P. Godfrey Back-Stage xiii. 164 It is this vanguard which makes the studio or art theatre possible. These serious people are prompted by feelings of responsibility towards the rest of humanity. They are the forward-lookers.
1800Wordsw. Michael 158 A child..Brings hope with it, and *forward-looking thoughts. 1843H. D. Thoreau Let. 8 June in R. B. Perry Tht. & Char. W. James (1935) I. 48 He [sc. H. James, sen.] is a refreshing, forward-looking and forward-moving man. 1922S. Lewis Babbitt xvi. 209 Weeklies and monthlies..as practical and forward-looking, as the real-estate columns. 1928F. Hurst President is Born xxii. 235 A man born into his time as snugly as a bug into his rug. Forward-looking. Backward-heeding. Un-neurotic. Normal. 1962BSI News June 25/1 A forward-looking attitude prevails.
c1611Chapman Iliad v. 46 It took his *forward-turned backe, and lookt out of his breast.
C. n. [The adj. used absolutely.]
†1. The fore or front part, the first part. on forward: in the beginning (see aforeward). Obs.
c1000ælfric Deut. xxviii. 13 Drihten þe ᵹesett simle on foreweard & na on æfterweard. c1175Lamb. Hom. 73 On forward þos cristendomes ech man leorned his bileue er he fulht underfenge.
†2. A trick in wrestling; a throw which causes one's opponent to fall forward on his face. Obs.
1602Carew Cornwall 76 Many sleights and tricks appertaine hereunto..Such are the..forward and backward. 1612Drayton Poly-olb. i. 6 They practise..The forward, backward, falx.
3. Naut. (See quot.)
1892Labour Commission Gloss., Foreward..the fore end of a barge or other craft.
4. Football. One who plays in the front line; one of the body of players termed ‘forwards’, as opposed to ‘backs’ (see back n. 21), whose duty is to be foremost in the attack. Also in various other games.
1879Encycl. Brit. IX. 367/2 Under the Rugby code..fifteen a side [is] the usual number of players—ten ‘forwards’, two ‘half backs’, one ‘three-quarters back’, and two ‘backs’. 1889Pauline VIII. 33 There is much to be learnt by the forwards. 1895Daily Chron. 17 Jan. 6/4 The side whose forwards were beaten won the match. 1895J. M. Brown Polo 78 The two ‘forwards’, No. 1 and No. 2, should work together, and, if possible, be exactly the same class of player. 1897Encycl. Sport I. 517/2 All the forwards should make a point of taking passes with their sticks. 1929Encycl. Brit. III. 182/2 The duty of the forwards [in basket-ball] is primarily to make goals. 1956Men's Hockey (Know the Game Series) (rev. ed.) 17/2 At long corners the defence come out in two waves, the forwards in the first wave each making for his attacking number. 1968Eagleson & McKie Terminol. Austral. Nat. Football ii. 7 Forward, a player occupying a forward position.
Restrict Comm. to sense 4 a and add: [A.] [3.] f. Mil. forward strategy, a strategy of defending one's borders from attack rather than of deploying one's forces for a retaliatory strike; also transf. and in extended use; similarly forward defence.
In early use, applied to the NATO strategy of ranging forces on Germany's eastern border rather than on the Rhine.
1960L. Lemnitzer in Vital Speeches 15 Sept. 706/2 By forward strategy, I mean a plan to dispose our military power so that we..could meet and repel..military aggression if it occurred along the periphery of the free world. 1963R. McNamara in Mil. Procurement Authorization (U.S. Congress Senate Hearings Comm. Armed Services) 326 This concept of a ‘forward strategy’ was agreed by NATO military and political authorities and the NATO nations have been building forces to accomplish this strategy. 1966Schwarz & Hadix Strategic Terminol. 52 The concept of forward defense was originally expounded at the time when a German contribution to NATO was being discussed. 1976Economist 27 Mar. (Australia Survey Suppl.) 40/2 The old policy of ‘forward defence’—meaning a strategy based on fighting any possible war well north of Australia—no longer holds water. 1984Automotive Industries Apr. 46/3 A prime motive for Esab's forward strategy is to parry Japanese and American competition in Europe. 1987Financial Times 2 Oct. 1/5 Mr Gorbachev appears to be reflecting growing apprehension..about the newly aggressive US forward strategy, designed in time of war to block the large Soviet northern fleet on the Kola peninsula.
[4.] b. forward planning, the process or result of planning ahead to achieve one's objectives, esp. in business or government; similarly forward thinking.
1961Act for Internat. Devel. (U.S. Dept. of State) June 16 Without such forward planning, investment funds are wasted. 1967Guardian 29 Dec. 6/4 The Foreign Office..is simply not organised to think... Until a few years ago there was not even a forward planning department. 1975Economist 8 Feb. 68/1 The least the Government can do is make it clear..that co-operation in providing forward plans will be repaid by information and consultation on government forward planning. 1976Ibid. 13 Nov. 98/2 Planning agreements..under which they were obliged to reveal their own forward thinking. 1986R. Ford Sportswriter iii. 75 It's forward thinking, Fincher, I'll give it that much. 1987Financial Times 9 Dec. 28/6 Elridge's forward planning was aggressive and ambitious.
[B.] [11.] [a.] forward-thinking a.
1958Times Lit. Suppl. 18 Apr. 206/4 Notions which were as unnatural and as *forward-thinking in their seventeenth-century American circumstance as they were against the background of his English upbringing. 1987Financial Times 9 Sept. 12/1 Some of the more forward-thinking producers are beginning to adopt a similar philosophy towards designing and assembling forklifts.
▸ forward mutation n. Genetics mutation that results in a change in the original or normal (wild type) phenotype or genotype; an instance of this; cf. earlier back mutation at back adj. 1d, reverse mutation n. at reverse adj. and adv. Additions.
1939Amer. Naturalist 73 313 Some genes..show more or less equal rates of back and *forward mutation. 1956Brookhaven Symp. Biol. (1957) 8 103 These studies involve changes occurring in both directions: so-called forward (or direct) mutations from the wild type..to the mutant..phenotype, and back (reverse) mutation from the auxotrophic to the prototrophic phenotype. 1978Nature 31 Aug. 891/1 Forward mutations at a variety of loci in rad 1–1 yeast are also subject to photorepair. 2002Jrnl. Biol. Chem. 27722345 The increase in fidelity of the F61A mutant [reverse transcriptase] was corroborated by a 12-fold decrease in its forward mutation rate.
▸ forward pass n. Sport a pass or throw in the direction of an opposing team's goal; spec. (a) Amer. Football a pass in the direction of the opposing goal-line, originally disallowed but now legal if the thrower is behind the line of scrimmage; (b) Rugby Football an illegal pass in which the ball travels forward of a notional line parallel with the goal line.
1890Washington Post 28 Nov. 6/2 A long pass to Fleming gives him a clear field, and when tackled he passes to O'Donnell, who carries the ball across the line. It is a *forward pass, however, and Columbia regains possession of the leather. 1913Times 3 Feb. 11/2 Their backs, when they got the ball, made many forward passes, and in this way they lost them one certain try towards the end of the game. 1949Rugby League Football (‘Know the Game’ Ser.) 24 (heading) Forward pass, if a player throws the ball in a forward direction to one of his own team, the referee awards a scrum at the place the infringement occurs. 1969Canad. Jrnl. Econ. 2 3 Certainly over the years the rule changes have attempted to make hockey a faster, more wide open game, for example, the forward pass, the red line, etc. 1984J. Lawton All Amer. War Game i. 3 By the time Marshal Foch saw his first game the forward pass had been legalized. 2000Canberra Sunday Times 11 June 93/1 Midway through the half, Jody Gall split the Warriors and slipped what appeared to be a forward pass to Carter, who sent Girdler in for his first try.
▸ forward passer n. chiefly Amer. Football a player adept at or specializing in forward passing.
1910N.Y. Times 15 Oct. 12/1 Sam White at left end in place of Bredemus, 'Varsity *forward passer. 1998Sporting News 21 Dec. 21/2 ‘Dan will be considered one of the greatest forward passers in the history of the game,’ says Bill Walsh, who knows more about quarterbacking than your average fan.
▸ forward passing n. the action of making a forward pass.
1905N.Y. Times 30 Apr. 10/6 (heading) *Forward passing may be allowed, but back of the line. 1920Times 26 Feb. 7/4 The Oxford three-quarters..did not combine well, and many opportunities were lost through forward passing. 1989USA Today 4 June (Weekend Suppl.) 18/1 Rugby League is faster than U.S. football. You'll have to figure out the rules as the game goes along (five downs and no forward passing, among others). 1998Los Angeles Times (Electronic ed.) 1 Jan. 10 The last goalie to have six shutouts in a month was George Hainsworth in 1928–29, when forward passing wasn't allowed in the offensive zone.
▪ II. forward, v.|ˈfɔːwəd|
[f. forward adv.]
1. trans. To help or push forward; to advance, assist, hasten, promote, urge on. Also, † to put forward, set on foot (obs. rare).
1596Shakes. 1 Hen. IV, i. i. 33 Then let me heare..What yesternight our Councell did decree In forwarding this deere expedience. 1605Verstegan Dec. Intell. vi. (1628) 172 Hee was greatly encouraged and forwarded in the matter by diuers of his most inward friendes. 1728Morgan Algiers II. i. 219 The Moriscoes of Africa..were often forwarded and assisted by them in their nocturnal Expeditions. 1780Burke Let. to Burgh Wks. IX. 243 He [Lord North]..forwarded two bills, that for encouraging the growth of tobacco, and that for giving a bounty on exportation of hemp from Ireland. 1786F. Burney Diary 24 July, After doing whatever I can to forward my dress for the next morning, I go to bed. 1806Wellington in Owen Desp. lxxvi, This prince..showed every disposition to impede rather than to forward the operations of the British army. 1871Freeman Norm. Conq. (1876) IV. xvi. 33 To protect its rights and to forward its interests.
2. To accelerate the growth of (plants, etc.).
1626Bacon Sylva §412 So wee may House our owne Countrey Plants to forward them, and make them come in the Cold Seasons. 1707Curios. in Husb. & Gard. 266 A Dunghill..is of wondrous Efficacy to forward the Flowers. 1720Swift Apollo to Dean Wks. 1755 IV. i. 16 Whenever I shine, I forward the grass, and I ripen the vine. 1845Florist's Jrnl. 55 They [plants] will be forwarded, or retarded, according to the state of the season.
3. To send forward, send to an ulterior destination (a thing, rarely a person). In commercial language often loosely, to dispatch, send by some regular mode of conveyance.
1757Franklin Let. to Wife in Bigelow Life (1881) I. 378 The black silk was sent to Mr. Neates, who undertook to forward it in some package of his. 1757Affect. Narr. Wager 33 Where they might meet with..an Opportunity also of being forwarded to their own Home. 1790Burke Fr. Rev. Pref. 3 That letter..has been since forwarded to the person to whom it was addressed. 1844Lingard Anglo-Sax. Ch. (1858) I. iii. 122 Who..forwarded him in safety to Rome. 1883F. M. Peard Contrad. xii, There is a letter which should be forwarded to my brother. Mod. (Comm.) We have this day forwarded to your address per S.W.R. three boxes marked [etc.].
†b. To pass on, publish abroad. Obs.
1713Guardian No. 1 ⁋1 His countenance is communicated to the publick..and forwarded by engravers, artists by way of mezzo-tinto, etc.
4. Bookbinding. To get (a sewed book) ready for the ‘finisher’ by putting a plain cover on (see forwarding vbl. n. 2).
Hence ˈforwarded ppl. a. (in 17th c. occas. † forwardly disposed, eager); ˈforwarding ppl. a.
a1674Clarendon Surv. Leviath. (1676) 208 None are more glad to see those punishments inflicted, or more forwarded to promote it, then [etc.]. 1691Norris Pract. Disc. 315 Enough to ingage us to seek out for the best and most forwarding Assistances. 1776Barker in Phil. Trans. LXVI. 371 The latter part of that month was warm and forwarding. 1796C. Marshall Garden. xv. (1813) 238 When these forwarded beans are planted in rows singly. 1894Mrs. H. Ward Marcella III. 96 She had received a forwarded letter from that old friend.
▪ III. forward
see foreward. |