| 释义 |
▪ I. recharge, n.|riːˈtʃɑːdʒ, ˈriː-|
[f. re- + charge n., prob. after F. recharge (1433).]
1. A fresh charge or load. spec. in Hydrology, the replenishment of the water content of an aquifer as a result of the absorption of water into the zone of saturation (freq. induced artificially by sinking wells into the aquifer); the water so added. Also (rare), the action of recharging a battery.
1611Florio, Ricarica, a recharge, a reburthen. 1727–41Chambers Cycl. s.v., The recharge should never be so deep as the first charge, lest the piece..should burst. 1928M. Arendt Storage Batteries vii. 146 This is a common feature of all high rate recharges, as the more dense electrolyte formed by the electrolytic action within plate pores and at plate surfaces does not have time to diffuse throughout the electrolyte during the earlier part of the recharge period. 1931Trans. Amer. Geophysical Union XII. 208 At eight of the plats some recharge was indicated, but some of these had been irrigated in the previous summer. 1942O. E. Meinzer Hydrol. x. 404 The recharge is increased if the intake area receives not only the local precipitation but also the surface flow of a tributary catchment area. 1965R. G. Kazmann Mod. Hydrol. v. 139 When the supply of soil moisture in a given place is fully replenished, any additional water received from the surface is carried downward under the influence of gravity, either directly to the water table or to the intermediate belt of the zone of aeration: this phenomenon is termed the ‘recharge’ of an aquifer. 1976J. D. Bredehoeft et al. in J. C. Rodda Facets of Hydrol. ix. 241/2 Variations in recharge change the inflow as well as the saturated thickness of the aquifers to the west of Barstow.
†2. The act of accusing in return. Obs.—1
1637C. Dow Answ. H. Barton 127 His brave retort and recharge of sedition upon them.
3. a. A renewed or return charge in battle.
1603Holland Plutarch's Mor. 675 That buffetting representeth the charging of the enemie, and the avoiding of his recharge. a1656Ussher Ann. (1658) 749 Caesars ships being..ready for any needs of service, either for charge or recharges, or to turn about. 1802James Milit. Dict., Recharge, a renewal of the charge or attack.
†b. fig. A renewed attack of something. Obs.—1
1620J. Pyper tr. Hist. Astrea i. vii. 234 This recharge of griefe surprized me so forcibly.
4. Special Comb. in Hydrology: recharge area, an area of ground surface through which is absorbed the water that will percolate into a zone of saturation in one or more aquifers; recharge basin, an artificially constructed basin, freq. in sandy material, used to collect water for artificial recharge of an aquifer; recharge well, a well used to inject water into an aquifer by artificial recharge.
1951H. E. Thomas Conservation of Ground Water ii. 29 The ground-water phase of the hydrologic cycle is one of movement from the places where water enters the aquifer—the ‘*recharge’ areas—to the place where the water is discharged from the ground. 1978Betson & Ardis in M. J. Kirkby Hillslope Hydrol. viii. 308 The impact upon stream⁓flow of paving over a thin-soil primary source area..would be far less than a similar amount of paving over a primary recharge area.
1951H. E. Thomas Conservation of Ground Water iii. 143 The city has *recharge basins totaling 65 acres which permit infiltration of up to a million gallons a day into the ground. 1970Daily Tel. 18 Sept. 5/2 Long Island is combating the threat [of drought] by constructing ‘recharge basins’ capable of retaining about 10 per cent. of the water now being lost to the sea.
1951H. E. Thomas Conservation of Ground Water iii. 125 Permits were issued with the proviso that water used for cooling and air conditioning be returned to the same aquifer through *recharge wells. 1976Raudkivi & Callander Analysis of Groundwater Flow iii. 58 Water is pumped through the aquifer from the recharge well to the well.
▪ II. recharge, v.|riːˈtʃɑːdʒ|
[f. re- + charge v., perh. after F. recharger (13th c.).]
1. trans.
†a. To reload (a vessel). Also refl. and absol. Obs.
1432Rolls of Parlt. IV. 417/2 They [ships] have atte all tymes be discharged and recharged. 1497Naval Acc. Hen. VII (1896) 250 The seid veassayle..saylyng..vnto Portesmouth & ther dyscharged then frome thens to Southampton & ther Recharged with the cordage. 1600Hakluyt Voy. III. 863 They bee there all the winter in the ports, to discharge their loding and recharge backe againe. 1615tr. De Monfart's Surv. E. Indies 35 The Portugalls mutually come to discharge and recharge themselues.
b. To put a fresh charge in; to refill, reload. spec. to replenish the water content of (an aquifer).
1839Ure Dict. Arts 167 As soon as the melting-pot is emptied, it is immediately re-charged. 1942A. C. Swinnerton in O. E. Meinzer Hydrol. xiv. 698 It is possible to recharge basalt by running water down drilled wells. 1966Davis & De Wiest Hydrogeol. xii. 425 Where infiltration is most vigorous, underlying aquifers may be recharged. 1976Raudkivi & Callander Analysis of Groundwater Flow v. 108 If the well is at the centre of an island,..the aquifer is recharged from the lake surrounding the island.
2.
†a. To charge or accuse in return. Obs.
1594Hooker Eccl. Pol. iii. xi. §13 Whereupon they re⁓charge vs, as if in these things we gaue the Church a libertie which hath no limits or bounds. 1697G. Keith 2nd Narr. Proc. Turner's Hall 33 Whereas I charged T. Elw. with perverting the Apostles Creed, he recharges me, and lays the whole Ground of his Charge upon a Quibble.
b. To make a new charge against.
1895Daily News 4 June 2/5 The magistrate..then directed that she should be re-charged for the assault on the assistant gaoler.
c. intr. To repeat a charge or accusation. Obs.—1
1595Daniel Civ. Wars i. lxi, Norfolke denies them peremptorily. Herford recharg'd.
3. To lay or impose again as a charge. rare.
1611Cotgr., Reimposer, to reimpose, to recharge. 1665Wither Lord's Prayer 2 [He] shall have all his suits rejected, and his sins..recharged upon him. a1734North Lives (1826) II. 111 The unfair traders, and runners, and such as come in before the duties are recharged.
4. intr. To charge (in battle) again or in return.
1598Barret Theor. Warres iii. i. 43 Then recharging aduisedly to be ready to come vp. 1616J. Lane Cont. Sqr.'s T. ix. 90 With valient secondes, placd to recharge after. 1666Dryden Ann. Mirab. lxvii, They charge, re-charge, and all along the Sea They drive and squander the huge Belgian Fleet.
5. a. trans. To restore an electric charge to (a battery). b. intr. Of a battery: to acquire an electric charge again, to become recharged.
1876Preece & Sivewright Telegraphy 21 In recharging the battery the liquid drawn off from the zinc cells is again employed in them. 1893J. T. Niblett Portative Electricity iii. 188 As a rule the user of a secondary battery knows..at what rate his battery is intended to be recharged. 1928M. Arendt Storage Batteries vii. 143 A partial charge..may be given to recharge a battery sufficiently to meet some special demand. 1960Farmer & Stockbreeder 22 Mar. (Suppl.) 8/2 The battery runs for 2½ hours on a single charge and is recharged for a few pence with a trickle charger. 1974Sci. Amer. Nov. 134/2 The fully discharged battery would recharge..in about 40 hours. 1976Country Life 22 Jan. 200/3 Batteries for a lawnmower..have been recharged.
c. In fig. phr. to recharge one's or (the) batteries, to restore fitness and mental composure by means of changed circumstances, esp. rest; also absol.
1921W. S. Churchill Let. 9 Feb. in M. Soames Clementine Churchill (1979) xiii. 194 Subordinate everything in yr life to regathering yr nervous energy, and recharging yr batteries. 1971A. Price Alamut Ambush x. 127 His London existence had been frenetic, and Firle was where he recharged his batteries. 1976J. Snow Cricket Rebel 83, I felt that I was at the halfway stage of my career and needed the rest to recharge the batteries. 1976G. Moffat Short Time to Live xii. 136 London's..overwhelming... You come home to recharge, and go back.
Hence reˈchargeable a., that may be recharged; reˈcharging vbl. n.
1892Daily News 3 June 7/3 The recharging occupies six hours. 1893J. T. Niblett Portative Electricity iii. 187 Nearly all cases of failure of secondary batteries are due to lack of sufficient knowledge on the part of the user for properly conducting the operation of recharging. Ibid. 188 The rate at which a secondary battery receives the recharging current may be allowed to vary considerably without fear of damage to any of its parts. 1897R. Kearton Nature & Camera 358 The recharging of dark slides. 1926C. Connolly Let. 8 June in Romantic Friendship (1975) 139, I need recharging. I expect we both do. 1942Partridge Usage & Abusage 170/2 The invention of either new words or new senses (i.e., the re-charging of old words). 1949Econ. Geol. XLIV. 523 In considering sites for water storage, the hydrologic engineer and the economic geologist should not overlook rechargeable aquifers. 1964T. L. Kinsey Audio-Typing & Electric Typewriters iii. 16 The batteries, like accumulators, are rechargeable. 1972New Scientist 11 May 321/1 These newcomers have provided..new electrical devices—such as..a rechargeable battery with an energy-to-weight ratio some 10 times higher than that of the familiar lead and sulphuric acid system. 1977Sci. Amer. May 27/2 More expensive techniques are to build infiltration pits..and recharging wells, by means of which water is pumped into the ground rather than drawn from it. 1978Nature 15 June p. xv/1 The recorders are..supplied with rechargeable fibre tipped pens. |