| 释义 |
▪ I. transˈpose, n.
[f. transpose v.]
†1. = transposition. Obs. rare.
1589Puttenham Eng. Poesie ii. xii. (Arb.) 121 Of the Anagrame,..we may terme him, the poesie transposed or in one word a transpose. Ibid. 122 This man was very perfit and fortunat in these transposes. 1605Camden Rem. (1637) 175 This transpose of the letters in the name.
2. Math. A matrix got from a given matrix by interchanging each row and the corresponding column.
1937[see similar a. 3 c]. 1939A. C. Aitken Determinants & Matrices i. 15 The resulting matrix is called the transpose of A and is denoted by A′. (In the less recent literature the word conjugate is used.) 1961[see Hermitian a.]. 1978Nature 13 Apr. 605/2 The transpose of the eigenvector matrix of climatic data.
▪ II. transpose, v.|trɑːnsˈpəʊz, træns-|
[a. F. transposer (14th c. in Hatz.-Darm.), f. trans- + poser to place: see pose, compose.]
†1. trans. To change (one thing) to or into another; to transform, transmute, convert. Obs.
c1380Wyclif Sel. Wks. II. 387 Vertues ben transposid to vices. c1460Wisdom 1005 in Macro Plays 68 Gyff a peny in thy lyve, with goode wyll To þe pore, & yt pleysythe Gode more Þan mownteynys [MS. mowyntenys] in to golde transposyde were; Ande aftir thy dethe, for the dysposyde. 1530Palsgr. 761/1, I transpose, I chaunge or tourne a thyng... He hath transposed his house quyte newe, il a transmué, or contourné sa mayson tout de nouveau, or toute neuue. 1579–80North Plutarch (1676) 415 To transpose themselves from good Souldiers..to Labourers, Merchants, and Farmers. 1590Shakes. Mids. N. i. i. 233 Things base and vilde, holding no quantity, Loue can transpose to forme and dignity. 1605― Macb. iv. iii. 21 That which you are, my thoughts cannot transpose; Angels are bright still, though the brightest fell.
†2. To change (a writing or book) into another language, style of composition, or mode of expression; to translate; to transfer; to adapt. Obs.
1390Gower Conf. II. 90 The Bible, in which the lawe is closed, Into Latin he [Jerome] hath transposed. 1552Huloet, Transpose, transcribo. 1706Phillips (ed. Kersey), To Transpose,..to turn out of Verse into Prose, to change, or alter the Style. 1858Faber tr. Life of Xavier 256 He spent them in transposing a copious exposition of the Apostle's Creed into Japanese.
†3. To change the purport, application, or use of; to apply or use otherwise; to give a different direction to; in bad sense, to corrupt, pervert; to misapply, abuse. Obs.
1509Barclay Shyp Folys (1570) 106 They frowardly the sentence do transpose, And..By their corrupting and vnlawful glose,..bring to damnable heresie. 1548Geste Pr. Masse in Dugdale Life (1840) App. 101 Can the baptisme water be justly recompted a sacrament when it is transposed to other usage..namely..to christen belles, to washe our clothes withal? 1564Brief Exam. B iv b, They toke..the salarie..consecrated to the Idolles.., and transposed it to finde the Ministers of the Church. 1644Milton Educ. Wks. (1847) 98/1 Nor should..any private friendship have prevailed with me to..transpose my former thoughts.
4. To remove from one place or time to another; to transfer, shift (lit. and fig.: now rare exc. as in 5); † to transplant (obs.); † to convey, conduct (obs.).
c1510Barclay Mirr. Gd. Manners (1570) F iv, An olde tree transposed shall finde small auauntage. 1555in Strype Eccl. Mem. (1721) III. App. xlvi. 139 Bisshope Barlo, after he was transposed and..discharged out of the bisshoprick of St. Davids. 1578Banister Hist. Man v. 77 Many braunches are deriued from this veyne..transposing bloud to euery Membran. 1602Warner Alb. Eng. Epit. (1612) 389 Thus..was the Scepter transposed to the House of Lancaster. a1662Heylin Laud (1668) 69 Transposing the Communion Table to the East end of the Quire. 1665Manley Grotius' Low-C. Warres 671 To transpose his Horsemen, and afterwards his Carriages, into that part of the Sea-Coast. 1742Richardson Pamela III. 215 To..transpose his Affections to a worthier Object. 1887Ruskin Præterita II. vii. 243 As I transpose myself back through the forty years of desultory..reading.
5. To alter the order of (a set or series of things), or the position of (a thing) in a series; to put each of (two or more things) in the place of the other or others, to interchange; esp. to alter the order of letters in a word or of words in a sentence. (Now the ordinary sense.)
1538Elyot, Metathesis, where one letter is transposed from one place in a worde into an nother as Tymber Tymbre. 1571Golding Calvin on Ps. lxxv. 5 Manye because they saw there could no handsom sence be picked out of the words, thoght the order to have bin transposed. 1605Camden Rem. 153 The letters of Elizabetha Regina transposed to signifie that happinesse..O Englands Soveraigne thou hast made vs happy: thus Elizabetha Regina, Angliæ Hera, Beasti. 1612Brinsley Lud. Lit. xiv. (1627) 197 This one Verse is turned by transposing the words 104 wayes. 1691–8Norris Pract. Disc. (1711) III. 171 Whose Notions..are cross and transposed, that calls Evil Good, and Good Evil. 1706[see transposing]. 1833J. Holland Manuf. Metal II. 289 A common balance..should always be tested in this way:—Let a weight be put in one dish, and balanced by other weights in the other dish; let the weights be then transposed. 1861Paley æschylus (ed. 2) Supplices 909 note, The following four verses Hermann transposes after 927. 1902Sloane Electr. Dict., Transposing, a method of laying metallic circuits for telephoning. The wires at short intervals are crossed so that alternate sections lie on opposite sides of each other. It is done to avoid induction.
b. Algebra. To transfer (a quantity) from one side of an equation to the other, with change of sign.
1810Hutton Course Math. I. 222 Thus, if x + 5 = 8; then transposing 5 gives x = 8 - 5 = 3. c1865in Circ. Sc. I. 456/2 The 3x is transposed: it is taken from the right and put on the left with changed sign.
†6. To discompose, disturb the mental composure of. Obs. rare.
1594Kyd Cornelia ii. 214 Madam, you must not thus transpose your selfe; Wee see your sorrow, but who sorrowes not? 1621Burton Anat. Mel. ii. iii. v, Do some⁓thing or other, let it [grief] not transpose thee.
7. Mus. To alter the key of; to put into a different key (in composition, arrangement, or performance).
1609Douland Ornith. Microl. 26 To transpose is to remoue a song, or a Key from the proper place. 1715(title) Melodies Proper to be Sung To..y⊇ Psalms of David, Figur'd for the Organ, and..the Treble of each Melody Transpos'd for the Flute. 1845E. Holmes Mozart 30 He transposes prima vista the airs he accompanies. 1875Ouseley Mus. Form 71 At bar 23 the first subject is transposed into the key of E.
Hence transˈposed ppl. a., spec. in Math., applied to the transpose of a given matrix; transˈposedly |-ɪdlɪ| adv.
1609Douland Ornith. Microl. 16 In transposed Songs. 1683Moxon Mech. Exerc., Printing xxii. ⁋8 He removes the other Transpos'd Page into the place of the first. 1771Luckombe Hist. Print. 447 If there be more than two Transpos'd Pages in the Sheet. 1858Phil. Trans. R. Soc. CXLVIII. 32 A matrix compounded with the transposed matrix gives rise to a symmetrical matrix. 1889F. Taylor in Grove Dict. Mus. IV. 161/2 Transposed editions of songs are frequently published, that the same compositions may be made available for voices of different compass. 1907M. Bôcher Introd. Higher Algebra ii. 21 Two square matrices..of which either is obtained from the other by interchanging rows and columns are called conjugate to each other. [Note] Sometimes also transposed. 1972M. Kline Math. Thought xxxiii. 807 The transverse (transposed or conjugate) matrix is defined as the one in which rows and columns are interchanged. 1678Cudworth Intell. Syst. i. v. 676 Writing down the..letters of the alphabet transposedly, any how.
Add:[7.] b. absol. or intr. To alter the key in which a piece of music is performed. Freq. const. up, down.
1905Goodchild & Tweney Technol. & Sci. Dict. 434/2 There is also a flute in E♭..which transposes a minor third higher. 1938Oxf. Compan. Mus. 948/1 One would have thought that he might prefer mentally to transpose on the occasions when at rehearsal he has to mention a note by name rather than mentally to transpose right through all the rehearsals and the performance. |