| 释义 |
transpire, v.|trɑːnˈspaɪə(r), træn-|
[ad. med. or mod.L. *tran(s)spīrāre (f. trans- + spīrāre to breathe), or a. F. transpirer (c 1560 in Paré).]
1. a. trans. To emit or cause to pass in the state of vapour through the walls or surface of a body; esp. to give off or discharge (waste matter, etc.) from the body through the skin; of plants: to give off (watery vapour); also, to exhale (an odour); to breathe forth (vapour or fire).
1597A. M. tr. Guillemeau's Fr. Chirurg. 40 b/1 When as we desire to transpire, and cause to evaporate, any venomouse vapours. 1647Crashaw Hymn, ‘Name of Jesus’, With wider pores..More freely to transpire That impatient fire. 1664Evelyn Sylva (1776) 29 It transpires the rest of the liquid at the Summites and tops of the branches into the atmosphere. 1774Goldsm. Nat. Hist. (1862) I. viii. 37 At the [quicksilver] mines near the village of Idra..some in a manner transpiring quicksilver at every pore. 1815Kirby & Sp. Entomol. (1828) I. vi. 201 Aphides that transpire a cottony excretion. 1840J. Buel Farmer's Comp. 122 Some species transpiring their weight of moisture every twenty-four hours. 1878Macnab Bot. iv. (1883) 101 For the same reason cut flowers wither. The leaves transpire more fluid than the stem can take up. 1908A. Bennett Old Wives' T. iii. ii, The air was heavy with the natural human odour which young children transpire.
b. To cause (a gas or liquid) to pass through the pores or walls of a vessel.
1864–72Watts Dict. Chem. II. 820 The volume [of gas] transpired in equal times is inversely as the length of the tube. 1889Anderson in Nature 19 Sept., Not only are gases occluded, but they are also transpired under favourable conditions of temperature and pressure.
c. fig. To cause to pass like breath. rare.
1641J. Jackson True Evang. T. i. 37 As if Severus had transpired his soule into Maximinus,..he now became the Wolfe, and Leopard.
2. intr. Of a body: † To emit vapour or perfume; to give out an exhalation (obs.); of the animal body (or a person); to give off moisture through the skin; to perspire (obs. exc. as rendering Fr. transpirer); now only of plants: to give off watery vapour from the surface of leaves, etc.
1648Herrick Hesper., Appar. of Mistr. Calling him to Elizium 7 This, that, and ev'ry thicket doth transpire More sweet than storax from the hallowed fire. 1673O. Walker Educ. 68 Exercises and recreations..such..as may cause the body to transpire plentifully. 1844Kinglake Eöthen xviii. (1864) 237, I saw that the Doctor was transpiring profusely. 1878Macnab Bot. iv. (1883) 102 When the plant is transpiring most rapidly and most water is moving through the stem, the wood cells and vessels are filled with air. 1886Jrnl. R. Microsc. Soc. Oct. 826 If transpiration is suddenly stopped in branches which ordinarily transpire strongly, the leaves fall.
3. a. intr. Of a volatile substance: To pass out as vapour through pores (in the human body or any porous substance), to exhale; of a liquid: to escape by evaporation.
1643Digby Observ. Relig. Med. (1644) 81 In bodies which have internall principles of Heat and Motion, much continually transpiring out to make roome for the supply of new aliment. 1687A. Lovell tr. Thevenot's Trav. ii. 62 Through these Jars the water transpires and percolates into an earthen Vessel underneath. 1746–7Hervey Medit. (1818) 161 A fragrance..peculiarly rich and reviving transpires from its opening tufts. 1794G. Adams Nat. & Exp. Philos. II. xiii. 17 Moisture can transpire through our skin. 1815Kirby & Sp. Entomol. (1818) I. ii. 29 One of those species [of Aphides] from the skin of which transpires a white cottony secretion. 1889Anderson in Nature 19 Sept., Common coal-gas under high pressure transpires through the steel of the containing vessel.
b. transf. and fig. of non-material things.
1752A. Murphy Gray's-Inn Jrnl. No. 2 Anxiety and Solicitude, which soon transpire into the Face. 1753Ibid. No. 51 An elegant Way of Thinking, which will be always sure to transpire into their Compositions. 1886Stevenson Dr. Jekyll ii, The mere radiance of a foul soul that thus transpires through, and transfigures, its clay continent.
†c. trans. To pass through the pores of. Obs. rare—1.
1754Miles in Phil. Trans. XLVIII. 526 Occasioned..by warm steams transpiring the earth.
4. a. fig. ‘To escape from secrecy to notice’ (J.); to become known, esp. by obscure channels, or in spite of secrecy being intended; to ‘get wind’, ‘leak out’. Also impers.
1741–2Ht. Butler Mem. (1841) II. 96 Yesterday's quarrel may transpire. 1748Ld. Chesterfield Let. Dayrolles 26 Jan., This letter goes to you, in that confidence, which I..place in you. And you will therefore not let one word of it transpire. 1754Richardson Grandison xxxvii. (1781) I. 265 Can he have so many Love-secrets, and yet will he not let them transpire to such a Sister? 1799Hull Advertiser 1 June 2/4 The Hamburgh mail..has just arrived, but no particulars have transpired. 1821Jefferson Autobiog. & Writ. (1892) I. 131 What passed between them did not transpire. 1856Froude Hist. Eng. II. vii. 143 The conditions of the contract were not allowed to transpire. 1903G. B. Shaw Man & Superman 209 We had hardly recovered from the fruitless irritation of this discovery when it transpired that the officers' mess of our most select regiment included a flogging club presided over by the senior subaltern. 1905R. Bagot Passport xxx, Not allowing the fact of there being any difficulty..to transpire to Donna Bianca. 1922W. Gerhardi Futility iii. vi. 173 It transpired that four regiments composing the division had gone over to the enemy. 1966D. J. Enright Conspirators & Poets i. 16 But then, to our surprise, it transpires that he doesn't think much of our critics, either. 1982I. Hamilton Robert Lowell (1983) x. 144 Yaddo, it transpired, had been under FBI surveillance for some time.
¶b. Misused for: To occur, happen, take place.
Evidently arising from misunderstanding such a sentence as ‘What had transpired during his absence he did not know’.
1775A. Adams Let. 31 July in J. & A. Adams Familiar Lett. Revolution (1876) 91 There is nothing new transpired since I wrote you last. 1804Age of Inquiry (Hartford, Conn.) 46 When..the reformation transpired in England..almost the whole nation rejoiced. 1810F. Dudley Amoroso I. 14 Could short-sighted mortality..foresee events that are about to transpire. 1828Webster, Transpire..3. To happen or come to pass. 1841W. L. Garrison in Life (1889) III. 16 An event..which we believe transpired eighteen hundred years ago. 1848Dickens Dombey xxxii, Few changes—hardly any—have transpired among his ship's company. 1858Hawthorne Fr. & It. Note-bks. I. 225 Accurate information on whatever subject transpired. 1883L. Oliphant Altiora Peto I. 277 His account of what transpired was so utterly unlike what I expected.
¶c. Of time: To elapse. Obs. rare. erron.
1824C. Wordsw. Who wrote Eikon Basilike 197 The interval of years which had transpired between the conversations and the account of them. 1827― Chas. I 1 Whether in the interval which has transpired, the convictions at which I had arrived,..have been in any material degree confirmed, shaken, or modified.
Hence tranˈspired ppl. a., tranˈspiring vbl. n. and ppl. a.
1670Maynwaring Physician's Repos. 21 A strengthening or transpiring Medicine. 1693A. van Leeuwenhoek in Phil. Trans. XVII. 842 As to the Transpiring Parts of our Bodies. 1725Bradley's Fam. Dict. s.v. Antimony, This Diaphoretick alone may be taken..in malignant Fevers, to facilitate the transpiring of the Venom thro' the Pores. 1827Faraday Chem. Manip. xv. (1842) 345 The transpired matter on the surface of the skin. 1895Oliver tr. Kerner's Nat. Hist. Plants I. 274 The sap in the transpiring cells becomes more concentrated. |