| 释义 |
▪ I. † translate, a. and n. Obs.
Also 7 -at.
[ad. L. translāt-us, -a, -um, pa. pple.: see next.]
A. adj. Translated (see next); in quot. 1589, transferred in meaning, metaphorical.
1589Rider Bibl. Schol. Direct. for Rdr., First I place the proper Latine word vnder the figure of 1: then the figuratiue or translate vnder the figure of 2.
B. n. Something translated; a translation. [Cf. L. translātum n., OF. translat 13th c.]
1585–6Earl of Leicester Corr. (Camden) 467, I sent to the register of the states for the act.., the translate whereof I send your honour hearein. 1619Carleton in Eng. & Germ. (Camden) 85 Divers lettres..I have made transcripts of some, and translats of others. 1655Chym. Med. & Chyrurg. Addr., Table, A Translate of the Eleventh Chapter. 1668Lond. Gaz. No. 254/4 The prohibitions made against the vending or reading any of the late Translates of the New Testament into French. 1803Collins in Gurwood Wellington's Desp. (1837) III. 133 note, I..enclose a copy and translate of a note I..received from the Berai Rajah.
▪ II. translate, v.|trɑːnsˈleɪt, træns-, -nz-|
Also 4 (Sc.), 6 translat, 5–6 traunslate, 6 Sc. translait. Pa. tense and pple. translated; also 4–6 translate, (pa. pple.) translat.
[Prob. first used in translat(e pa. pple., ad. L. translāt-us, pa. pple. of transferre to transfer. The pa. pple. soon became translat-ed, and translate the verb stem (see -ate suffix3). But the verb may also immediately repr. F. translater (12th c. in Godef.). Cf. also med.L. translātāre (11th c. in Du Cange).]
I.
1. a. trans. To bear, convey, or remove from one person, place or condition to another; to transfer, transport; spec. to remove a bishop from one see to another, or a bishop's seat from one place to another, and, in Scotland, a minister from one pastoral charge to another; also, to remove the dead body or remains of a saint, or, by extension, a hero or great man, from one place to another.
a1300Cursor M. 9162 (Cott.) Helias was in þat siquare, Translated in a golden chiare. Ibid. 9220 Þe Iuues now er put o state And þair kingrik translate. c1330R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 208 Þis is þe same Hubert, þat we saw of nam, Þat translate S. Gilbert in þe hous of Sempyngham. c1380Wyclif Sel. Wks. II. 318 We witen þat we ben translatid fro deþ to lyf. 1433Lydg. St. Fremund 819 The Bysshop..Translatyd hym to Dunstaple. 1432–50tr. Higden (Rolls) II. 77 The seete of the metropolitan of alle Wales, whiche was translate afterwarde to Meneuia. 1517R. Torkington Pilgr. (1884) 49 Hys body was translat to Rome. 1529S. Fish Supplic. Beggars (Arb.) 13 Then shall not youre..power, crowne, dignitie..be translated from you. 1579Lyly Euphues (Arb.) 41 Plante and translate the crabbe tree, where..it please you, and it wyll neuer beare sweete Apple. 1613Purchas Pilgrimage (1614) 106 Hee translated the highest seat both of spirituall and Temporall Regiment to Jerusalem. 1625in Willis & Clark Cambridge (1886) II. 445 He translated y⊇ Vestrie. 1651N. Bacon Disc. Govt. Eng. ii. xxviii. (1739) 131 This Headship was translated to the King. 1663Wood Life (O.H.S.) I. 472 After he had taken in another class of six there, he translated himself to the house of Arthur Tylliard an apothecary. c1683Burnet Orig. Mem. in Own Time (1902) i. Suppl. 67 Morley, made at first bishop of Worcester, and soon after..translated to Winchester. 1794J. Hutton Philos. Light, etc. 47 Heat is translated among bodies in a certain manner, and electricity in another. 1865Pall Mall G. 11 Apr. 4 A discussion has arisen on the question whether the Charterhouse School ought or ought not to be translated into the country. 1869Freeman Norm. Conq. III. xv. §5. 518 The body of Harold, first buried under the cairn by Hastings, was afterwards translated to his own minster at Waltham. 1904R. Small Hist. U.P. Congregat. I. 503 In 1829..the Synod at his own request, and without a vote, refused to translate.
b. To carry or convey to heaven without death; also, in later use, said of the death of the righteous.
1382Wyclif Heb. xi. 5 Bi feith Enok is translatid, that he schulde not se deeth; and he was not founden, for the Lord translatide him. 1387Trevisa Higden (Rolls) II. 213 And so schulde þe body..be translated and chaunged in þe blisse of heuene wiþ oute deienge and deeþ. 1535Coverdale Wisd. iv. 10 He pleased God,..so that where as he lyued amonge synners, he translated him. 1702Lond. Gaz. No. 3809/1 That after a long and happy Enjoyment of this your Earthly Crown, you may be translated to one Immortal. 1798Coleridge Fears in Solitude 121 As if the wretch, Who fell in battle..Passed off to Heaven, translated and not killed. 1848A. Jameson Sacr. & Leg. Art (1850) 331 She was ninety years of age when the Lord translated her. 1904Jebb in Proc. Brit. Acad. 3 Here, and here alone, the Hyperborean land is an Elysium to which mortals are translated without dying.
c. Med. To remove the seat of (a disease) from one person, or part of the body, to another. Now rare or Obs.
1732Arbuthnot Aliments etc. 366 To translate the Morbifick Matter upon the Extremities of the Body. 1754J. Bartlet Farriery (ed. 2) 105 The humours frequently settle, or are translated to the lungs, and other bowels. 1769E. Bancroft Guiana 394 The patient is either relieved, or the disease translated on the extremities. 1826Southey in Q. Rev. XXXIV. 330 He could..cure a carbuncle..by making upon it the sign of a cross, and translate swellings from his pupil's arm to his own.
d. Physics. To move (a body) from one point or place to another without rotation: cf. translation 1 f.
e. Physics. intr. To undergo translational motion.
1964Amer. Jrnl. Physics XXXII 261/1 If frame β, thus translates rigidly with velocity α as measured in α then frame υ translates rigidly with velocity - υ as measured in β. 1979Sci. Amer. Jan. 76/2 One is therefore forced to conclude that these deep structures do indeed constitute the lower portions of the continental plates and that they have been translating coherently with the crust for hundreds or even thousands of millions of years.
II.
2. a. trans. To turn from one language into another; ‘to change into another language retaining the sense’ (J.); to render; also, to express in other words, to paraphrase. (The chief current sense.)
a1300Cursor M. 232 Þis ilk bok it es translate In to Inglis tong to rede. c1350Will. Palerne 167 For he of frensche þis fayre tale ferst dede translate. c1385Chaucer L.G.W. 329 (Balade) Thow hast translatid the romauns of the rose. 1477Earl Rivers (Caxton) Dictes 2 It was translated out of latyn in to frenshe. 1589Puttenham Eng. Poesie i. xxxi. (Arb.) 75 Doctour Phaer one that..excellently well translated into English verse Heroicall certaine bookes of Virgils æneidos. 1689–90Temple Ess. Poetry Wks. 1731 I. 241 The first Change of Poetry was made by translating it into Prose. 1693Dryden Disc. Orig. & Progr. Satire Ess. (ed. Ker) II. 92 'Tis only for a poet to translate a poem. 1776Johnson 11 Apr., in Boswell, Poetry..cannot be translated; and, therefore, it is the poets that preserve languages. 1850Whipple Ess. & Rev. (ed. 3) I. 300 If the phrase, realizing the ideal, were translated into the phrase, actualizing the real, much ambiguity might be avoided. 1874Green Short Hist. vii. §i. 342 Retiring to Hamburg Tyndale translated the Gospels and Epistles.
b. absol. To practise translation; to make a version from one language or form of words into another; also intr. for pass., of a language, speech, or writing: To bear or admit of translation.
c1440Pallad. on Husb. i. 735 Yet as myn auctor spak so wold I speke Sith I translate, and looth am from hym breke. 1576Fleming Panopl. Epist. 253 If you translate out of the Latine speach, into the Greeke. 1690Locke Hum. Und. iii. iv. §9 This is to translate, and not to define, when we change two words of the same signification one for another. 1731Fielding Author's Farce ii. v, The rogue had a trick of translating out of the shops as well as the languages. 1812Southey Omniana II. 30 Claudian throughout would translate better than any of the ancients. 1827― Lett. (1856) IV. 64 The Welsh, I suspect, is not a language which translates well. 1831Macaulay Ess., Johnson (1887) 194 Sometimes Johnson translated aloud.
†c. To use in a metaphorical or transferred sense: see translated, quot. 1553, and cf. translate a., translation 4. Obs.
d. Biol. To use (genetic information in messenger RNA) to determine the amino-acid sequence of a protein during its synthesis; also with the RNA as obj.
1961Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quantitative Biol. XXVI. 101/2 This finding implied that the information encoded in DNA must somehow be transmitted to the ribosomes where it is translated into the amino acid sequence of a polypeptide chain. 1971Nature 24 Sept. 234/2 Messenger RNAs transcribed in the nuclei of eukaryotic cells have to be transported to the cytoplasm to be translated. 1972Sci. Amer. Jan. 25/2 A length of RNA representing a gene is then translated into a particular protein, a molecule constructed with a 20-letter alphabet, the 20 amino acids. 1977D. E. Metzler Biochemistry xv. 936/2 The ribosome faithfully translates the genetic message, adding amino acids to the peptide chain until a stop codon is reached.
3. fig. To interpret, explain; to expound the significance of (conduct, gestures, etc.); also, to express (one thing) in terms of another.
1598Shakes. Merry W. i. iii. 54 He hath studied her will; and translated her will: out of honesty, into English. 1602― Ham. iv. i. 3 There's matters in these sighes... These profound heaues You must translate. 1850A. Jameson Leg. Monast. Ord. (1863) 55 The emblem has been translated into a fact, or rather into a miracle. 1892Westcott Gospel of Life 58 Right Doctrine is an inexhaustible spring of strength if it be translated into deed. 1903Westm. Gaz. 26 Mar. 1/2 The delightful Norwegian master who..translates the nature of Norway..into music.
III. 4. To change in form, appearance, or substance; to transmute; to transform, alter; spec. in industrial use: of a tailor, to renovate, turn, or cut down (a garment); of a cobbler, to make new boots from the remains of (old ones).
c1386Chaucer Clerk's T. 329 Vnnethe the peple hire knew for hire fairnesse Whan she translated [v. rr. transmewed, transformed] was in swich richesse. 1423Jas. I King's Q. viii, How that eche estate As fortune lykith, thame will oft translate. 1487–8Rec. St. Mary at Hill 138 For a man werkyng iij dayes & di. in the house..in translatyng of the steyer and in mendyng of wyndowes. 1536Bellenden Cron. Scot. (1821) II. 72 Quhare he translatit the tempill of Apollo in ane abbay of his ordour. 1543–4Act 35 Hen. VIII, c. 8 No man..shall cutt mynisshe or translate..any barrelles kilderkyns or firkyns. 1575–7Fenton Gold. Epist. (1582) 160 To translate an auncient garment, and reduce him to the present fashion. 1590Shakes. Mids. N. iii. i. 122 Blesse thee Bottome, blesse thee; thou art translated. 1621Burton Anat. Mel. i. ii. i. ii. (1628) 40 Nabuchadnezar was really translated into a beast. 1718J. Fox Wanderer 14, I was waiting in Expectation of my own Change, and wondering..what Sort of Being I should be translated to. 1815Q. Rev. Oct. 129 A place near Monmouth-street, where ‘they translate old shoes into new ones’. 1905Preece & Sivewright Telegr. viii. 194 Varley introduced repeaters at Amsterdam to translate the English double-current system of working into the Continental single-current system.
5. To re-transmit (a telegraphic message) by means of an automatic repeater.
1855[implied in translating station].
6. To transport with the strength of some feeling; to enrapture, entrance. arch.
1643Sir T. Browne Relig. Med. i. §49 That elegant Apostle, which seemed to have a glimpse of Heaven,..was translated out of himself to behold it. 1849Longfellow Ev. i. iv. 104 Their souls, with devotion translated, Rose on the ardour of prayer. 1899Dixon in Mackail W. Morris I. 115 There was no train... I was made aware of this by a fearful cry in my ears, and saw Morris ‘translated’.
IV.
7. intr. Const. into. To result in, to be converted into, to manifest itself as.
1975Lamp (Exxon Corporation) Winter 11/2 Any delays in bringing fields into production could quickly translate into lower government revenues and an adverse impact on the balance of payments. 1976Sci. Amer. June 69/1 For maneuvers executed early in a mission this uncertainty translates into an error at the target planet on the order of one kilometer. 1977Time 8 Aug. 42/2 The price of raw coffee could gradually decline to about $1 per lb. on the New York market, which would translate into a retail price somewhere in the $2 range.
Hence transˈlated (in quot. 1553, metaphorical: cf. translate a.), transˈlating ppl. adjs.
1553T. Wilson Rhet. (1580) 174 When thei maie haue most apt wordes at hand, yet wil thei of a purpose vse translated words. 1632Sherwood Eng. & Fr. Dict. To Rdr., First the Proper [interpretation]; then, the Translated and Metaphoricall. 1687T. Brown Saints in Uproar Wks. 1730 I. 82 See these translating gentlemen translated to the quarter of lunaticks. 1727Pope Macer 21 In a translated Suit, then tries the Town, With borrow'd Pins, and Patches not her own. 1729Swift Direct. Serv. iv. Wks. (1869) 569 Your wages..spent in translated red-heeled shoes. 1868Gladstone Juv. Mundi ix. (1870) 364 Any deceased or translated hero. 1904R. Small Hist. U.P. Congreg. I. 552 The court came to adjudicate upon a translating call to Mr. Jaffray from Dalry. |