| 释义 |
foreland|ˈfɔələnd|
Forms: 4 forlonde, (farlande), 5–7 forland(e, (7 furland), 6 forelonde, -lande, 5– foreland.
[f. fore- prefix + land. Cf. Du. voorland; also Icel. forlendi land between hills and the sea.]
1. A cape, headland or promontory.
13..Gaw. & Gr. Knt. 699 Alle þe iles of Anglesay on lyft half he haldez, & farez ouer þe fordez by þe for-londez. a1400Morte Arth. 880 See ȝe ȝone farlande with ȝone two fyrez. a1490Botoner Itin. (Nasmith 1778) 153 Unum for⁓land vocat. le Holyhede. 1535Stewart Cron. Scot. I. 374 The schippis draif on forland and on craigis. 1551Recorde Cast. Knowl. (1556) 83 The great forelonde of Affrike, commonly called the cape of Good hope. 1671Narborough Jrnl. in Acc. Sev. Late Voy. i. (1711) 24 At the face of this Foreland lie six rocky Islands. 1796Morse Amer. Geog. I. 117 A cape, which..he [Frobisher in 1576] called Queen Elizabeth's Foreland. 1876L. Morris Epic Hades (1878) 35 To where the wave-worn foreland ends the bay.
2. A strip of land in front of something.
a. (See quots.) Esp. in Physical Geogr., land deposited by the action of the sea in front of a coast, usu. with no intervening water; also, such land forming a cape (cf. sense 1).
1580–1Act 23 Eliz. c. 13. §2 Certeyne Shelves and Fore⁓landes..lyeng betwene the Walles and Boundes of the said Marshes..and the River of Thames. 1795J. Phillips Hist. Inland Navig. Add. 178 The forelands on the north side also are not to be less than thirty feet wide. 1807Trans. Soc. Arts XXVI. 35 By the erection of a new bank or sea wall they get a foreland to their former estate. 1867Smyth Sailor's Word-bk., Foreland..a space left between the base of a canal bank, and an adjacent drainage cut or river, so as to favour the stability of the bank. 1896Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer. VII. 400 At a later stage transportation of material alongshore begins and the waste from the edge and bottom of the land, together with the river sediment, is built out at certain points in front of the older mainland in deposits of various shapes, which are appropriately grouped together under the general term forelands. 1959C. A. M. King Beaches & Coasts viii. 261 The Paekakariki coast north of Wellington, where a wide sandy foreland fills in a broad bay in the wide northern part of Cook Strait.
b. Fortif. (See quot. 1853.)
1704J. Harris Lex. Techn., Foreland..the same with Berme. 1717tr. Frezier's Voy. S. Sea 93 A Berm, or Fore⁓land, being a small space of Ground between the Wall and the Moat. 1853Stocqueler Milit. Dict., Foreland..a confined space of ground between the rampart of a town or fortified place and the moat..Now usually called a berm.
3. Land or territory lying in front.
1851Kitto Bible Illustr., Life & Death Our Lord 29, I looked towards the west, and beheld the forelands of Carmel. 1870Daily Tel. 22 Sept., Alsace and Lorraine..will form a German foreland.
†4. Sc. ‘A house facing the street, as distinguished from one in a close or alley’ (Jam.). Obs.
1489Acta Audit. 149/2 A foreland of ane tennenment liand in þe said Cannoungate.
5. Geol. A firm unyielding block of the earth's crust which is opposed to or partially surrounds an orogenic belt and towards which the folding is inclined.
1907W. B. Scott Introd. Geol. (ed. 2) xxiii. 506 In folded mountain ranges three zones may be distinguished: (1) A rigid, unyielding mass which is not folded, (2) the zone of folding, (3) the zone of diminishing action, where the folding gradually dies away or ends in a fault... The side of the range toward which the overturned folds incline is called the foreland, and may be either the unfolded mass or the zone of diminishing action. 1909[see back-land 3]. 1937Wooldridge & Morgan Physical Basis Geogr. vi. 76 The African ‘hinterland’ is believed to have moved northward towards the European ‘foreland’. 1968R. W. Fairbridge Encycl. Geomorphol. 734/1 The Mediterranean-Alpine-Himalayan belt is double sided, the folds tending to be overthrust against forelands..both to the north and to the south, while in between lie block-faulted collapsed regions. 1970Nature 28 Nov. 838/2 All of these ‘orogenies’ have resulted in thrusts and overturned folds directed towards the foreland.
6. attrib., in † Foreland-men (see quot.).
1666Lond. Gaz. No. 19/4 The Foreland Men, viz. The Colliers of Sandwich, and the several Ports of Thanet, stay in expectation of Convoy. |