| 释义 |
▪ I. forbear, forebear, n. (Originally Sc.)|fəˈbɛə(r), ˈfɔəbɛə(r)|
Forms: 6 foirbear, 6–7 for(e)beer, (6 forebeerar), 5– forbear, 6– forebear.
[f. for- prefix2 or fore- prefix + beer n.2, lit. one who is or exists before.]
An ancestor, forefather, progenitor (usually more remote than a grandfather).
c1470Henry Wallace i. 21 His forbearis..Of hale lynage, and trew lyne of Scotland. 1578–1600Scot. Poems 16th C. II. 159 For in this seiknes I was borne And my forebeerars me beforne. 1623Lisle ælfric on O. & N. Test. Pref. ⁋17 Looke back a little to this outworne dialect of our forebeers. 1782Burns Death Malie 39 So may they [sheep] like their great Forbears, For monie a year come thro the sheers. 1816Scott Antiq. xl, This Roland Cheyne..was my forbear. 1883D. C. Murray Hearts I. 53 A yeoman whose forbears had once owned the land.
▪ II. forbear, v.|fəˈbɛə(r)|
Pa. tense -bore |-ˈbɔə(r)|, pa. pple. -borne |-ˈbɔən|. Forms: see for prefix1 and bear v.; in pa. tense also rarely 5 forbored, 6 -beared.
[OE. forberan (= OHG. far-, -fer-, forberan, MHG. verbern to restrain, abstain, Goth. frabairan to endure, support); see for- prefix1 and bear v.]
†1. trans. To bear, endure, submit to. Obs.
c1000ælfric Hom. in Grein-Wülcker Prosa III. 72 Se mildheorta hælend þe swa micel forbær for us synfullum. c1386Chaucer Merch. T. 938, I may not..Forbere to ben out of your compagnie. 1570E. Elviden Newyeres Gift 304 His bounden duetie is For to forbeare the payne. 1585T. Washington tr. Nicholay's Voy. iv. i. 114 b, Hunting..being an..occasion to use men..to forbeare heate and cold.
†2. To bear with, have patience with, put up with, tolerate. Obs. (but cf. sense 8).
c897K. ælfred Gregory's Past. xxi. 150 Ðeah hit mon cuðlice wiete, hit is to forberanne. c1000Ags. Gosp. Matt. xvii. 17 Hu lange for-bere ic eow. c1175Lamb. Hom. 95 He..forbere monna hufelnesse þurh his liðnesse. a1225Ancr. R. 218 Unðeawes, þet he er uorber ase he ham nout nuste. 1340Ayenb. 148 Þanne þe guode man..bereþ and uorbereþ alneway þe foles. 1413Pilgr. Sowle (Caxton 1483) iii. vi. 54 The plente of his grace that hath the forborne. 1526–34Tindale Rev. ii. 2 Thou cannest not forbeare them which are evyll. 1624Capt. Smith Virginia iii. ix. 79, I haue forborne your insolencies. 1742Young Nt. Th. ii. 607, I then had wrote What friends might flatter: prudent foes forbear.
†3. To bear up against, control (emotion or desire). Also refl. to control one's feelings. Obs.
Beowulf 1877 (Gr.) Þæt he þone breostwylm forberan ne mehte. a1000Guthlac 775 (Gr.) [Hi] firenlustas forberað in breostum. c1230Hali Meid. 17 Onont ti fleschliche wil & ti licomes lust þat tu forberes her. a1300Cursor M. 24427 (Cott.) Quen i sagh þus all thinges skurn, vn-feland for þair lauerd murn, moght i me noght for-ber. c1430Syr Gener. (Roxb.) 5005 His sorow might not be forborn.
†b. absol. or intr. for refl.
c888K. ælfred Boeth. xxxvi. §1 Hwa mæᵹ forbæran þæt he þæt ne siofiᵹe. c1175Lamb. Hom. 15 Ne beo þu nefre ene wrað þer fore, ah forber for drihtenes luue. 1297R. Glouc. (1724) 526 The king ne miȝte tho uorbere, that he ne wep atte laste. c1300Beket 72 Hi ne miȝte forbere nomore; And wope also pitousliche.
†4. To endure the absence or privation of; to dispense with, do without, spare (a person or thing). Obs.
c900tr. Bæda's Hist. i. xvi. [xxvii.] (1890) 70 Forþon seo æftere cneoris..alle ᵹemete is to forbeorenne & to forlætenne. c1330Assump. Virg. (BM. MS.) 60 Þeo þat in þe temple were Ne miȝte noȝt hire forbere. 1469Paston Lett. No. 607 II. 348 Yt lytyll [money] yt I myght forbere..I haue delyuryd to Dawbeney. 1477Ibid. No. 787 III. 175 If Syme myght be forborn it wer well done that he [etc.]. 1562W. Bullein Bk. Simples 30 a, He is the beste bonde slave in the common wealthe, and least can be forborne. 1667Milton P.L. ix. 747 Fruits..Whose taste, too long forborn, at first assay Gave elocution to the mute.
†b. To give up, part with or from, lose. Obs.
13..Coer de L. 419 Hys styropes he forbare. c1430Syr Gener. (Roxb.) 146 Sith I haue this hert lorn, And my goode men forborn. 1430Lydg. Chron. Troy i. vi, She hath for⁓bore Her maydenhead. 1590Spenser F.Q. ii. i. 53 Whenas my wombe her burdein would forbeare.
†c. To avoid, shun; to keep away from or keep from interfering with; to leave alone. Obs.
a1300Cursor M. 14560 (Cott.) Þe land o Iude he has for⁓born. c1386Chaucer Knt.'s T. 27, I wolde yow haue toold..But al that thyng I moot as now forbere. c1470Henry Wallace i. 259 Scho..Forbure the gate for wachis that war thar. 1581Savile Tacitus' Hist. i. ii, Offices of honour likewise either to beare them, or forbeare them [was a capitall crime]. 1598Yong Diana 220 Forbeare us a little..for I will not have you beare witnes to the love that I have to impart. 1607Topsell Four-f. Beasts 755 The beast it selfe liueth euermore in shadowy places, forbearing the sun. 1628Ford Lover's Mel. iii. ii, Forbear the room. 1673Temple Observ. United Prov. Wks. 1731 I. 17 The People in the Country forbear the Market.
5. To abstain or refrain from (some action or procedure); to cease, desist from.
c1200Trin. Coll. Hom. 39 Muneȝeð hem ofte unðewes to forberen and gode þeawes to folȝen. a1300Cursor M. 3454 (Cott.) Þat þai moght noght þair strif for-bere. c1425Seven Sag. (P.) 355 And I myghte forbere speche, Seven dayes and seven nyght. 1552Abp. Hamilton Catech. (1884) 30 Forbeare the eting of swynis flesche. 1655Sir E. Nicholas in N. Papers (Camden) II. 223, I forebore pressing them further. 1722De Foe Plague (1756) 51 All public Assemblies at other Burials are to be forborn during the Continuance of this Visitation. 1810Scott Lady of L. ii. xxxiv, Madman, forbear your frantic jar! 1867Whittier Our Master iv, The strife of tongues forbear.
6. absol. and intr. To abstain, refrain. Const. to (also † but) with inf., also from, † for, † of.
c1375XI Pains Hell (Vernon) 110 in O.E. Misc. 226 To heere godus wordus þei han for-born. c1400Rom. Rose 4751 It is a slowe [i.e. a moth], may not forbere Ragges, ribaned with gold, to were. c1449Pecock Repr. i. xiv. 78 Y must here therof abstene and forber. 1529More Dyaloge iv. Wks. 286/1 On the morow forbare I to speake with hym. 1598R. Grenewey Tacitus' Ann. iii. v. (1622) 72 The Dictator..forbare somtime for making any more [lawes]. 1658W. Burton Comment. Itin. Antonin. 8, I cannot forbear but transcribe all of it hither. 1676Hobbes Iliad i. 402 From War forbear. a1745Swift Hen. I Lett. 1768 IV. 278 He commanded his soldiers to forbear. 1751Johnson Rambler No. 159 ⁋6 Few have repented of having forborne to speak. 1787A. Hilditch Rosa de Montmorien I. 140 De Beaufort, whom Strickland could not forbear of accusing of unwarrantable caprice. 1841Elphinstone Hist. Ind. II. 315 He would have incurred more blame..if he had forborne from attempting to recover them. 1878B. Taylor Deukalion i. iv, Forbear! The knowledge must be mine alone. 1879M. Arnold Falkland Mixed Ess. 234 The lovers of Hampden cannot forbear to extol him at Falkland's expense.
†b. Naut. (See quots.) Obs.
1627Capt. Smith Seaman's Gram. vi. 27 Forbeare is to hold still any oare you are commanded. 1727–90Bailey, Forbear [Sea Term], a Word of Command in a Ship's Boat.
7. trans. To refrain from using, uttering, mentioning, etc.; to withhold, keep back. † Formerly const. from, to, or dat.
1297R. Glouc. (Rolls) 1355 As þe truage to rome þat non vorbore nere. a1300Cursor M. 693 (Gott.) Þe scorpion forbar his tunge Fra bestis þat he lay emonge. c1430Lydg. Chichev. & Byc. in Dodsley O. Pl. XII. 334 Meke wyfes..That neither can at bedde ne boord Theyr husbondes nat forbere oon woord. 1580Tusser Husb. xiii. (1878) 29 The west [wind] to all flowers may not be forborne. 1590Marlowe Edw. II, v. v, Stay a while; forbear thy bloody hand. a1619M. Fotherby Atheom. i. ii. §2 (1622) 11 Wee are forced to forbeare the strongest of our Authorities. 1676Hobbes Iliad i. 206 Hold then. Your sword forbear. 1709Hearne Collect. 4 Apr., Charlet could not forbear his Venom. 1725Pope Odyss. i. 437 Forbear that dear, disastrous name. 1808Southey in Lett. (1856) II. 115 You may repent a sarcasm,—you never can repent having forborne one. 1884Ruskin Pleas. Eng. 16 note, Gibbon..might have forborne, with grace, his own definition of orthodoxy.
b. refl. To restrain oneself, refrain. rare.
1535Coverdale Esther (Apocr.) xvi. 12 He coude not forbeare him self from his pryde. 1611Bible 2 Chron. xxxv. 21 Forbeare thee from medling with God. 1852C. M. Yonge Cameos I. vi. 42 If it be so, forbear thyself to fight. 1865Merivale Rom. Emp. VIII. lxviii. 370, I forbear myself from entering the lists.
8. To abstain from injuring, punishing, or giving way to resentment against (a person or thing); to spare, show mercy or indulgence to. Now rare. Cf. sense 2, to which this closely approaches.
1154O.E. Chron. an. 1137 Ouer sithon ne for-baren hi nouther circe ne cyrceiærd. c1275Serm. (Cott.) in O.E. Misc. 188 Þes persones ich wene, Ne beoþ heo noȝt for-bore. 1393Langl. P. Pl. C. iv. 430 He..For-bar hym and hus beste bestes. c1470Henry Wallace i. 169 No for the Pape thai wald no kyrkis forber. 1513More in Grafton Chron. (1568) II. 765 His maister gave him in charge not to forbeare his rest. a1533Ld. Berners Gold. Bk. M. Aurel. (1546) Q v b, The quycke fire doth not forbeare the wod be it wette or drye. 1606L. Bryskett Civ. Life 27, I craue to be forborne in this your request. 1618Raleigh in Four C. Eng. Lett. 37, I forbare all partes of the Spanish Indies. 1665Sir T. Roe's Voy. E. Ind. 438 That scruple they make in forbearing the lives of the Creatures made for men's use. 1745De Foe's Eng. Tradesm. (1841) I. xiv. 125 He knows whom he may best push at, and whom best forbear. 1855Milman Lat. Chr. (1864) V. ix. vii. 357 Those who had so long been forborne in mercy. 1887Bowen Virg. Eclog. x. 50 Ah, may the splinters icy thy delicate feet forbear!
†b. Const. of (a thing). Obs.
c1275Passion Our Lord 158 in O.E. Misc. 41 Vader..if hit may so beo, Of þis ilche calche nv forber þu me. 1529More Comf. agst. Trib. ii. Wks. 1194/1 He would pray God forbeare him of the remenaunt.
c. intr. (or absol.) To be patient or forbearing; to show forbearance. Const. with.
The proverbial phrase to bear and forbear, now taken in this sense, was orig. trans.: see quot. 1340 in sense 2.
1591Shakes. Two Gent. v. iv. 27 Loue, lend me patience to forbeare a while. 1683Apol. Prot. France v. 66 He for⁓bore beyond all Patience. 1725Pope Odyss. ii. 247 With patience I forbear. 1782Cowper Mut. Forbearance, The kindest and the happiest pair Will find occasion to forbear. 1826E. Irving Babylon II. 363 He forbore with Austria. 1842Tennyson Two Voices 218 Some..Bore and forbore; and did not tire. 1852Mrs. Stowe Uncle Tom's C. xv, She..forebore with his failings.
9. trans. To refrain from enforcing, pressing, or demanding; not to urge, press, insist on, or exact. Sometimes with double obj. Now rare. † Also intr. with of.
1570Abp. Parker Corr. (1852) 374, I am driven to forbear of my ancient rights. 1583Whitgift Let. in Fuller Ch. Hist. ix. v. §9 Desiring your Lordships..to forbear my comming thither. 1633Ford 'Tis Pity iii. ii, Let me advise you here to forbear your suit. 1643Prynne Sov. Power Parl. ii. 20 That all the Acts of Oxenford, should from thenceforth be utterly forborne and annulled. 1649Evelyn Mem. (1857) III. 49, I desire you to forbear my reasons, till the next return. 1756Johnson Life K. of Prussia Wks. IV. 542 The claim was forborn. 1858Carlyle Fredk. Gt. (1865) I. iii. v. 170 And the Corpus-Christi idolatries were forborne the Margraf and his company this time.
b. esp. To abstain from enforcing the payment of (money) after it has become due. Now rare.
1570Act 13 Eliz. c. 8 §5 Any Money so to be lent or for⁓born. 1664W. Haig in J. Russell Haigs x. (1881) 273, I can have a friend here that will..forbear it [money] a year and a half. 1674S. Jeake Arith. (1696) 577 If an Annuity be for⁓born, the Paiments increase as well as the Interest. 1827Hutton Course Math. I. 129 The money lent, or forborn, is called the Principal. 1845Stephen Comm. Laws Eng. (1874) II. 161 Such [debts] as were incurred or forborne by means of fraud.
absol.1856Bouvier Law Dict. s.v., When the creditor agrees to forbear with his debtor. |