| 释义 |
▪ I. † fore, n. Obs.
Forms: 1 fór, 3–5 fore, vore, 4 foore, 5 fowre.
[OE. fór str. fem. = OHG. fuora (MHG. vuore, mod.Ger. fuhre):—OTeut. *fôrâ-, f. *fôr-, ablaut-var. of *far- to go: see fare v.]
1. A going, journey, expedition. Also, an expeditionary force.
c900tr. Bæda's Hist. v. ix. (1891) 412 He his fore ᵹeᵹear⁓wede. c1205Lay. 5568 Brennes..mid starkere fore ferde toward Rome. Ibid. 5858 Þe cnihtes weoren on fore fer ut of Rome. 1297R. Glouc. (1724) 386 Wyllam ysey..bote he adde help of hys men, hys fore nas ryȝt noȝt. c1400in Rel. Ant. I. 160 Sori is the fore Fram bedde to the flore.
b. A rush, onset, charge.
c1205Lay. 1676 In þera ilke uore heo fælden of his iueren. 13..K. Alis. 2355 Theose braken, at one fore, Heore launces on Nycanore.
2. A track, trace.
c1250Owl & Night. 817 And so forleost þe hund his fore. c1386Chaucer Sompn. T. 227 Who folweth Cristes gospel and his fore. 1387Trevisa Higden (Rolls) IV. 153 Þere were afterward i sene foores and steppes of men and of hors. 1398― Barth. De P.R. ix. viii. (1495) 353 The foores and the sygnes of Somer that is goon is all dystroyed.
3. The course of an affair; a proceeding, adventure.
c1205Lay. 15578 For swa wes al þa uore. Ibid. 15810 Iwhiten þu wult þa uore nu þu hit scalt ihere. c1320Cast. Love 1156 No tonge may tellen of þat fore.
▪ II. fore
obs. var. of furrow.
▪ III. fore, a.|fɔə(r)|
Also 6 Sc. foir.
[The use of fore as adj. arises out of an analysis of ns. which are combinations of fore- prefix, e.g. forepart. These being occasionally written as two words, the first member came to be treated as an adj.]
I. As adj. in concord.
1. Situated or appearing in front, or in front of something else; usually with an opposition expressed or implied to back, hind-.
1500–20Dunbar Poems xlii. 68 Than Bissines..Straik doun the top of the foir tour. c1540Order in Battayll A vij b, When thou hast invaded thyne enemyes with the fore and hynder warde. a1639Spottiswood Hist. Ch. Scot. v. (1655) 271 The Cannon having made great breaches in the fore and back walls. 1655W. Gurnall Chr. in Arm. Introd. v. (1669) 171 It comes in at the Back-door, while we are expecting it at the Fore. 1703Moxon Mech. Exerc. 107 In the fore side of this wooden Piece is a square hole. 1715Cheyne Philos. Princ. Relig. i. i. (ed. 2) 13 Resistance in Fluids arises from their greater Pressing on the Fore, than Hind part of the Bodies moving in them. 1762Sterne Tr. Shandy V. xxvi, Susannah had but just time to make her escape down the back-stairs, as my mother came up the fore. 1805Forsyth Beauties Scotl. II. 192 In the fore wall of the church..there has plainly been an aperture. 1880Huxley Crayfish ii. 61 The alimentary canal may therefore be distinguished into a fore and a hind gut.
†2. Anterior, previous, former. Obs.
1490Caxton Eneydos xxiv. 90 The fore loue reneweth hym selfe. 1526R. Whitford Martiloge (1893) 84 The duke dyd the moost..commun seruyce notwithstandyng his fore estate. 1535Coverdale 2 Esdras vii. 12 The intraunces of the fore worlde were wyde and sure. 1597Morley Introd. Mus. 12 The great musicke maisters who excelled in fore time. a1634Chapman Alphonsus Plays 1873 III. 239 Alexander and Meritz have the fore dance. 1718Entertainer xxvi. 175 That Place which in a fore Time was Stil'd the Temple of Dagon.
II. quasi-n. or elliptically.
3. The fore part of anything, e.g. the bow of a ship, the fore-quarter of beef, etc.
1888Pall Mall G. 16 Jan. 14/1 The sensation was stronger in the fore of sailing vessels. 1890Daily News 11 July 2/8 American refrigerated hind-quarters..thirds..fores.
b. Naut. (at) the fore: (see quot. 1883).
1860Motley Netherl. II. xix. 475 Medina Sidonia hoisted the royal standard at the fore. 1883W. C. Russell Sailor's Lang. s.v. Fore, At the fore, means at the fore⁓royal mast-head.
4. to the fore. (Sc. and Anglo-Irish phrase, introduced into English literary use in the 19th c.)
a. Of a person: Present, on the spot, within call.
1637Rutherford Lett. (1862) I. 363 If Christ had not been to the fore in our sad days, the waters had gone over our soul. 1656Earl of Monmouth Advt. fr. Parnass. 416 Some Italian Princes who were yet to the fore, could not be weighed. 1726R. Erskine Sonnets ii. i. §6 Yield not..The Lion strong of Judah's tribe, Thy Husband, 's to the fore. 1815Scott Guy M. xlv, ‘I wuss auld Sherra Pleydell was to the fore here!’ 1829A. M. Hall Sk. Irish Char. (1842) 60 Why didn't you give it me, and I to the fore? 1852Lever Daltons II. xxxv, If he hasn't me to the fore to prove what I said, he can do nothing.
b. Still surviving, alive.
1695Earl of Cromarty Vindic. Robt. III, 14 The said Lord John..being to the fore, and on Life. 1724Ramsay Tea-t. Misc. (1733) I. 22 As lang's Sandy's to the fore Ye never shall get Nansy. 1787Burns Let. W. Nicol 1 June, Gif the beast be to the fore. 1818Scott Hrt. Midl. xliii, ‘While this grey head is to the fore, not a clute o' them but sall be as weel cared for as if they were the fatted kine of Pharaoh.’ 1888J. Payn Myst. Mirbridge vi, The steward..though stricken in years—was still to the fore.
†c. to the fore with: in advance of. Obs.
1646R. Baillie Lett. (1775) II. 221, I am now two to the fore with you, albeit I wrote none the last post.
d. Of money, etc.: Ready at or to hand, forthcoming; available. † to go to the fore: to be put to one's credit.
1636Rutherford Lett. (1862) I. 181 Therefore my wages are going to the fore up in heaven. 1640Dumbarton Burgh Rec. in Irving Hist. Dumbartonsh. (1860) 525 Gif thay had common guid to the foir. 1660Sharp Let. 11 May in Wodrow Hist. I. Introd. 25 Is his broad Sword to the fore? 1639R. Baillie Lett. (1775) I. 126 He had a good estate, and well to the fore. 1828Scott F.M. Perth viii, If these are not to the fore, it is the Provost's fault, and not the town's. 1848Thackeray Van. Fair xxv, How many captains in the regiment have two thousand pounds to the fore.
e. In recent use sometimes taken to mean ‘in full view, conspicuous’. So to come to the fore occurs for: ‘to come to the front’, ‘to come into view’.
1842Barham Ingol. Leg., Auto-da-Fe, Magnificent structures..As our Irish friends have it, are there ‘to the fore’. 1876World V. No. 106. 5 These vermin seldom venture to come to the fore themselves. 1880Manch. Guard. 23 Nov., The vexed question of local taxation reform must come to the fore next session.
▪ IV. fore, adv. and prep.|fɔə(r)|
[Com. Teut.: OE. fore = OFris. fara, OS. fora (Du. voor), OHG. fora (MHG. vor(e, mod.Ger. vor), Goth. faura.
The root is the same as in L. prō, præ, per, Gr. πρό, παρά, παραί, περί, Skr. purā. The precise form in OTeut. is disputed: one opinion is that it was *forai = Gr. παραί, with a dative case-ending.
From 16th c. the word has often been regarded as an abbreviation of before, and hence written 'fore.]
†A. adv. Obs.
1. Before, at some earlier time, previously.
c1000Ags. Ps. (Th.) lxxvii[i]. 14 [12] He on Egypta aᵹenum lande, worhte fore wundur mære. a1300Cursor M. 10938 (Cott.) Elizabeth..was anna sister, als i for tald. c1350Will. Palerne 2076 Þe welþe & welfare i haue him wrouȝt fore. a1375Joseph Arim. 208 Wiþouten faute oþer faus as þei fore seiden. c1600Shakes. Sonn. vii, The eyes (fore dutious) now..looke an other way.
b. Forward or onward, forth.
a1300Cursor M. 18267 (Cott.) Fra nu for, vnderstand þou wele Hu fele pines ai sal þou fele.
2. Beforehand, in advance.
a1225Juliana 47 Ah wel ich warni þe uore, hit nis nawt þin biheue. c1500Melusine xxiv. 184 To see a remedy be had to it rather to fore than to late.
B. prep. = for prep. in various uses.
†1.
a. Before, in front of, in the presence of; = for 1 a, b. Obs.
Beowulf 1064 (Gr.) Þær wæs sang and sweg..fore Healf⁓denes hildewisan. c1300Beket 31 The manere of Engelonde this Gilbert hire tolde fore. c1320Cast. Love 1030 So stille and derne he [Jesus] was þe fend fore. c1550Northren Mothers Blessing vi. (1597) E v, What man that shall wed the fore God with a ring. 1608J. Day Law-Trickes i. ii. (1881) 18 Y'are..much to rude, To shew this kindnesse fore a multitude. 1611Shakes. Wint. T. iv. iv. 401 Contract vs fore these Witnesses.
b. In asseveration or adjuration; = for 1 c.
c1435Torr. Portugal 745 Fore Sen Jame! What ys the gyantes name. 1601Shakes. All's Well ii. iii. 51 Fore God I thinke so. 1687Congreve Old Bach. iii. ii, No, foregad! I'm caught. 1756Foote Eng. fr. Paris ii. Wks. 1799 I. 111 Foregad I believe the Papistes ha' bewitch'd him. 1840Barham Ingol. Leg., Ghost, 'Fore George, I'm vastly puzzled what to do.
†2. Of time: Before; = for 2. Obs.
a1000Crist 1031 (Gr.) Fore Cristes cyme. a1300Cursor M. 22429 (Cott.) Fore domes-dai þat sal be sene. 1601Shakes. Meas. for M. ii. ii. 160 At any time 'fore-noone.
†3. Before, in preference to; = for 3. Obs.
1591Shakes. 1 Hen. VI, i. iii. 22 Prizest him 'fore me? 1594Marlowe & Nashe Dido iii. iv, I follow one that loveth fame fore me. 1634Massinger Very Woman ii. i, You prefer My safety 'fore your own.
†4. = for 6. Obs.
1463Bury Wills (Camd.) 17 And alle here costez payd fore.
†5. In support of, in favour of; = for 7. Obs.
c900tr. Bæda's Hist. v. v. (1891) 396 Þæt he..him fore ᵹebæde. a1000Crist 1202 (Gr.) Eal þa earfeðu, þe he fore ældum adreaᵹ. a1300Cursor M. 11291 (Cott.) For to do fore him þat dai, þe settenes of þe ald lai. c1340Ibid. 9610 (Trin.) If my sister saue miȝt al þat she wolde fore [other texts for] crie & cal.
†6. On account of, because of; = for 21 b. Obs.
c1175Lamb. Hom. 27 Þu ne derst cumen bi-foren him fore þine gulte. c1340Cursor M. 13756 (Trin.), I dampne þe nat þi synne fore. c1440Jacob's Well (E.E.T.S.) 45 Þe fals tythere rehersyth aȝen in his fals tythyng þe synne, þat crist was do fore to deth.
†7. As a precaution against; = for 23 d. Obs.
c1450Two Cookery-bks. ii. 106 And holde a dissh vnderneth, fore spilling of the licour.
8. Comb. † fore-belly, padded clothing in front of the belly; fore-dawn, the time preceding the dawn (also attrib. or adj.); † fore-eternal a., † fore-everlasting a., that is or was before the eternal or everlasting; in quots. absol. or quasi-n.; fore-sabbath, the day that precedes the sabbath; † fore-south a., facing the south.
1638Jasper Mayne tr. Lucian's Dial. (1664) 363, I forbear to speake of his stuft Brests, and *fore-Bellyes, which make an adventitious and artificiall corpulency.
1884J. Payne Tales fr. Arabic II. 33 It was the *fore-dawn hour. 1894Hall Caine Manxman v. ii. 283 Sometimes he was up in the vague fore-dawn.
1587Golding De Mornay vi. 80 Porphyrius..saying, that there is an euerlasting or eternall Mynd, and yet..afore the same a *Foreëternall, or former euerlasting.
Ibid. And that betweene the *Foreeuerlasting and the Euerlasting, Eternitie resteth in the middest.
1656Trapp Comm. (1868) 415 The Jews..before their sabbath [had] their *fore-sabbath.
1686Plot Staffordsh. 386 The *fore-South windows..being cover'd with Matt to preserve the hony.
▪ V. fore, int. Golf.|fɔə(r)|
[Probably a contraction of before.]
(See quot. 1878.)
1878Pardon Football, etc., 82 Fore! a warning cry to people in front of the stroke.
▪ VI. fore
obs. pa. tense of fare. |