| 释义 |
▪ I. forcing, vbl. n.|ˈfɔəsɪŋ|
[see -ing1.]
1. The action of the vb. force.
1382Wyclif 2 Kings v. 16 And whanne forsynge he made, vtturly he assentyde not. 1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. vii. xv. (1495) 234 Leest there be grete dyssolucion of the brayne by a forsynge of voyce. 14..Tretyce in Walter of Henley's Husb. (1890) 50 Se welle þt yor mowere hold not his ryght honde afore to hyghe be hynde hym so þat he kyt asonder þe grasse in þe mydis and þis defaute is callid forsyng. 1514Barclay Cyt. & Uplondyshm. (Percy Soc.) 27 Forsynge of women, murdre and rapyne. 1634J. B[ate] Myst. Nat. i. 15 The forcing of water by pressure. 1704Lond. Gaz. No. 4047/4 A black Mare, with some white Hairs in her forehead by forcing. 1849Macaulay Hist. Eng. II. 306 The forcing of his [Hough's] door was everywhere mentioned with abhorrence.
†2. concr. A material used in ‘forcing’ wine.
1731–3P. Shaw Chem. Lect. (1755) 209 Skimmed Milk likewise is a proper Forcing for all white Wines. 1743Lond. & Country Brew. iv. (ed. 2) 331 The Victualler puts..with it the usual Forcing or Fining.
3. attrib. and Comb.
a. attributive, as forcing-apparatus, forcing-furnace, forcing-pipe. Also forcing-engine, a fire-engine; forcing-hazard (Billiards), a stroke requiring more than the usual amount of force; forcing-pen (Austral. and N.Z.), a pen into which sheep are forced or driven in order to guide them to a certain point, as in a drafting yard; a crush-pen; forcing-yard (Austral.), a yard into which cattle are forced or driven, in order to keep each sort by itself.
1875J. H. Collins Metal Mining 123 The *forcing apparatus is a kind of clockwork, which is wound up each morning.
1855Ogilvie, Suppl., *Forcing-engine, a fire-engine.
1652French Yorksh. Spa vi. 62 A *forceing furnace.
1923W. Perry et al. Sheepfarming in N.Z. iii. 16 [The sheep yards] should consist of receiving yards at each end, *forcing pen, and drafting race. 1950N.Z. Jrnl. Agric. July 5/2 If the forcing pens and..check pens run up a slight incline, it is quite satisfactory to have the rest of the yards on level ground. 1965J. S. Gunn Terminol. Shearing Indust. i. 28 Forcing pen, a narrow area through which sheep are forced on their way to the sheep shower.
1731H. Beighton in Phil. Trans. XXXVII. 8 *Forcing Pipes.
1890Boldrewood Colonial Ref. (1891) 217 They did not find it difficult to urge the..animals into the smaller *forcing-yards.
b. esp. in combs. relating to the forcing of flowers, etc., as forcing-bed, forcing-field, forcing-frame, forcing-glass, forcing-ground, forcing-house, forcing-pit, forcing-wall; and quasi-adj. with the sense ‘suitable for forcing’, as in forcing rose, forcing variety.
1877M. M. Grant Sun-Maid iii, Large *forcing beds of lilies of the valley and of violets.
1865Spectator 14 Jan. 44 The turnips in his *forcing field.
1741Compl. Fam. Piece ii. iii. 352 If you would have forward Fruits in *forcing Frames.
1819Rees Cycl., *Forcing-ground, the space..that is destined to the purpose of forcing or raising vegetable productions by means of artificial heat.
1806–7J. Beresford Miseries Hum. Life (1826) xxi. xi, Attending an Amateur-gardener, in the Dog-days, through all his *Forcing-houses. 1870Lowell Study Wind. 210 The fruits of the literary forcing-house.
1819Rees Cycl., *Forcing-wall, a wall constructed with flues for the purpose of conveying fire-heat, in order to ripen..various kinds of tree-fruits.
▪ II. forcing, ppl. a.|ˈfɔəsɪŋ|
[f. force v.1 + -ing2.]
a. That forces, in senses of the vb. spec. in Cricket (cf. force v.1 5) and in Bridge.
1551T. Wilson Logike (1580) 42 b, Any forcyng cause. 1659Milton Civ. Power Wks. (1851) 317 The forcing protestant..yet takes it to himself and his teachers, of far less autoritie then to be called the church. 1686A. Horneck Crucif. Jesus xiv. 302 The confederates drank of it, to make..the execration more dreadful, and consequently more forcing. 1791T. Newte Tour Eng. & Scot. 153 The thin, early, forcing, and sandy soil of Murray. 1809W. Nicol (title), The Forcing, Fruit, and Kitchen Gardener. 1862‘Cavendish’ Whist (1870) 28 A forcing card is a card which compels one of the players to trump in order to win the trick. 1886Pall Mall G. 28 July 6/1 A changeable and far from forcing summer. 1888Steel & Lyttelton Cricket ii. 57 The ball most to be dreaded for the forcing stroke is the hanging ball, which stops and does not come on evenly and fast to the bat. 1891W. G. Grace Cricket viii. 236 There are many other points to be considered, such as knowing when to play a slow, patient game, or a forcing game. 1930E. Culbertson Contract Bridge Blue Bk. vii. 95 The Forcing principle is a logical and necessary extension of the Approach principle with the added proviso that..both partners are required to keep the bidding unconditionally open until the game bid is selected. The reason for the Forcing bids is: a majority of strong hands contain a choice between..suit bids and no-trump; a game..is assured provided neither partner passes before the best fitting bid is selected. 1933C. Vandyck Contract Contracted iii. 28 The Forcing Take-Out is a jump bid in a new suit. Ibid. iv. 32 The Forcing Call for the Opening Hand is variously known as the Forcing Two, Demand Two and Big Two. 1935Times 4 Nov. 4/7 With no flourish or eccentricity, he was a forcing batsman who scored at an immense rate. 1939N. de V. Hart Bridge Players' Bedside Bk. 137 Clearly he has made a forcing pass, leaving it to North to double or to go on in Hearts or Spades. 1947S. Harris Fund. Princ. Contract Bridge iii. 27 The only way in which East can make a forcing bid over North is to double informatively, or overbid North in his own suit. 1959Reese & Dormer Bridge Player's Dict. 95 Traditional Acol players do not regard a change of suit by responder as forcing unless it is combined with a jump. 1970Globe & Mail (Toronto) 26 Sept. 51/4 Partner must have at least two aces for his jump raise (forcing).
b. spec. forcing dog Austral. and N.Z., a dog with the power to move sheep in the direction it wishes.
1933[see force n.1 7 e].
Hence † ˈforcingly adv., in a forcing manner.
1593Nashe Christ's T. (1613) 176 [He] commanded all the Clergie..to assemble in praier..and deale forcingly beseeching with God, to intermit his fury. 1616–61B. Holyday Persius 305 Yet doth he cry..and forcingly will make The gods to hear. |