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tramontane, a. and n.|trəˈmɒntən, træmɒnˈteɪn|
Forms: 4 tramountayne, 7 -mountain, -montan, (6–8 -ain, 9 -aine), 6– tramontane; also in It. forms, 7–9 tramontana, 6–8 (pl.) tramontani; Lat. pl. 7 tramontanæ. See also transmontane.
[ad. It. tramontana north wind, pole-star, tramontani ‘those folkes that dwell beyond the mountaines’ Florio (= Sp., Pg. tramontana north wind, sunset), whence also Fr. tramontane north wind, pole-star, OF. tramontan(e n. and adj. (13th c.) north wind, tresmontaine pole-star:—L. transmontānus beyond the mountains, f. trans across, beyond + mons, mont-em mountain: cf. montān-us of or belonging to mountains.]
A. adj.
1. Dwelling or situated beyond, or pertaining to the far side of, the mountains (orig. and in reference to Italy, the Alps; in quots. 1806, 1840, referring to other mountains); hence, foreign; in quot. 1662 = occupied by a non-Italian.
1596Nashe Saffron-Walden Wks. (Grosart) III. 131 Were their stuffe by ten millions more Tramontani or Transalpine barbarous than balletry, he would haue prest it vpon Wolfe. a1618Raleigh in Gutch Coll. Cur. I. 73 Tramontane, as well as Ultramontane Civilians will deem it otherwise. 1662Bargrave Pope Alex. VII (1867) 50 The Italians have ever since taken care that St. Peter's chair shall never be a tramontan chair again. 1710Steele Tatler No. 222 ⁋9 As for our Tramontain Lovers..A Man might as well serenade in Greenland as in our Region. 1781Gibbon Decl. & F. xxxi. III. 245 The rustic, or even savage, aspect of those Tramontane warriors, often disguised a simple and merciful disposition. 1806Scott Let. to G. Ellis 3 Mar., in Lockhart, To undertake your expedition to the tramontane region of Reged this season. 1820Edin. Rev. XXXIV. 185 note, The clock in the clock-house built at Westminster in 1288..is usually considered as the earliest recorded instance of a Tramontane clock. 1840Blackw. Mag. XLVII. 245 Our empire in India had waxed so powerful as to attract the envy of the Asiatic tramontane nations. 1884J. S. Brewer Reign Hen. VIII, I. ix. 279 A tramontane ecclesiastic.
b. With the connotation ‘uncouth, unpolished, barbarous’. Now rare.
1739Cibber Apol. (1756) I. 233 This I have mention'd to shew not only our Tramontane Taste, but that [etc.]. 1784Cowper Task iv. 533 Virtue is so scarce, That to suppose a scene where she presides Is tramontane, and stumbles all belief. 1796C. Smith Marchmont IV. 115, I..for a man of fashion had strange tramontane ideas. 1832Blackw. Mag. XXXI. 101, I beg..if these can be your real sentiments, that you will keep them as private as possible. They are totally tramontane in this part of the world.
2. Of the wind: Coming across or from beyond the mountains; spec. in reference to Italy, Blowing from beyond the Alps: cf. B. 2.
1705Addison Italy, Pavia 27 That Side of the Church..which faces the Tramontane Wind. 1794Sullivan View Nat. IV. 236 Where no tramontane blasts could come from masses of snow. 1869Daily News 10 Dec., I..was exposed to a tramontane wind as bitter as an oration of Mr. Roebuck, in his most sarcastic mood. 1877A. J. Ross Mem. A. Ewing vi. 63 A fierce tramontane wind usually blowing.
B. n.
†1. The north pole-star: originally so called in Italy and Provence, because visible beyond the Alps: cf. It. tramontana (Florio 1598), OF. tresmontaine (c 1295 in Godefroy). Also fig.
13..E.E. Allit. P. B. 211, I schal telde vp my trone in þe tramountayne. 1604Edmonds Observ. Cæsar's Comm. 40 Directions, both from the loadstone of reason, and tramontane of experience to shape an easie and successfull course. 1633Drummond of Hawthornden Sp. to K. Charles, Jove 9 The Tramontane which thy faire course directs, Thy Counsels shall approve by their effects.
2. In the Mediterranean and esp. in Italy, The north wind, as coming from beyond the Alps; hence generally, a cold wind from a mountain range. (Now usually in Italian form tramontana.)
1615G. Sandys Trav. i. 38 The boysterous Tramontana..here [Constantinople] most violently rages. 1664Evelyn Sylva (1776) 316 [Florence and Rome] exposed to the nipping Tramontans (for so they call the Northern winds). 1721Bailey, Tramontane.., the North Wind. 1773Brydone Sicily ii. (1809) 9 This morning..we have gotten a fine brisk tramontane (or North wind). 1794Sullivan View Nat. I. 292 The deadening sirrocco wind, which is immediately succeeded by a tramontana, the bise. 1887Pall Mall G. 21 Mar. 11/2 An excessively cold tramontana is blowing.
3. One who dwells beyond the mountains: orig. applied in Italy to foreigners beyond the Alps; also by these nations to the Italians; hence, a stranger, a foreigner; an outsider, barbarian.
1593Nashe Christ's T. Wks. (Grosart) IV. 184 Let not the Italians call you dulheaded Tramontain. 1622Bacon Hen. VII 97 Our Holy Father the Pope likes no Tramontanes [= French] in Italie. 1636Massinger Gt. Dk. Flor. ii. ii, A happiness Those tramontanes ne'er tasted. 1642Fuller Holy & Prof. St. iv. iii. 251 Yet was it a great labour for a Tramountain to climb over the Alps to S. Peters Chair. 1703Steele Tender Husb. Epil., Till then forgive your Writers, that can't bear You shou'd such very Tramontanes appear. 1732Fielding Miser ii. iii, Oh! child, you are quite a tramontane; I must bring you to like dear Spadille. 1811L. M. Hawkins C'tess & Gertr. II. 52 See that horrible tramontane Major Brag who dined here to-day. 1855Milman Lat. Chr. xiii. ix. VI. 181 The subtle Italians found themselves circumvented by the steady aggression of the Tramontanes. |