| 释义 |
▪ I. flourish, n.|ˈflʌrɪʃ|
Forms: 6 florishe, (Sc. flureise, -ss, fleureis, flurish), 6–7 florish, 7 floorish, 7–8 flowrish, 6– flourish.
[f. next vb.]
1. The blossom or mass of flowers on a fruit-tree Also occas. in pl. Only Sc. and north dial.
a1500Cokelbie Sow Proem. 42 A fair flureiss fadit in a falty tre. 1548Compl. Scot. vi. 38 The borial blastis..hed chaissit the fragrant flureise of euyrie frute tree far athourt the feildis. a1605Montgomerie Misc. Poems xvii. 58 Beuties freshest florish. 1635Rutherford Let. 22 Apr., There shall be fair white flourishes again, with most pleasant fruits. 1868Atkinson Cleveland Gloss., Flourish, the blossom on fruit-trees. 1892Boyd 25 Years St. Andrews II. xxi. 139 Finding some very fine ‘flourish’ in a dirty back-court.
†b. pl. = flowers (see flower n. 2 b).
1605Sylvester Du Bartas ii. iii. Lawe 85 Childe-great Women, or green Maydes (that misse Their Termes appointed for their flourishes).
†2. The state or condition of being in blossom, blossoming. Of vegetation: Luxuriant growth, luxuriance, greenness. Obs.
1594J. Dickenson Arisbas (1878) 75 The roote whose moisture fed their flourish. 1619Z. Boyd Battell Soul (1629) 1101 The tree is first seene in the budde and then in the flourish, and after in the frute. 1719De Foe Crusoe I. 117 A constant Verdure, or Flourish of Spring. 1801Southey Thalaba viii. xvii, In the flourish of its [vine's] outwardness Wasting the sap and strength. 1818Scott Hrt. Midl. xxxi, Fruit-trees, so many of which were at this time in flourish.
b. fig. Prosperity, vigour; the ‘bloom’ (of youth). Also, the highest degree of prosperity; perfection, prime. Now rare.
1597J. Payne Royal Exch. 38 To be howld..wycked men to have the fayrest shew and greatest florishe. 1612Brerewood Lang. & Relig. iii. 20 The Romans had generally (at least..in the flourish of the empire) great care to enlarge their tongue. 1665Life Earl Essex in Select Harl. Misc. (1793) 157 The earl of Essex was then in the flourish of his youth. 1709Hearne Collect. 27 Aug., The Foundation & Increase & Flourish of [the University]. 1826Scott Woodst. xi, The flourish of his powerful relative's fortunes had burst forth in the finery of his dress. 1848Thackeray Bk. Snobs iv, The Court Circular remains in full flourish.
†3. Ostentatious embellishment; gloss, varnish.
1588Shakes. L.L.L. iv. iii. 238 Lend me the flourish of all gentle tongues. c1600― Sonn. lx, Time doth transfixe the florish set on youth. c1632Crashaw Epitaph Mr. Herrys, The flourish of his sober youth, Was the pride of naked truth.
†4. A florid decoration; a piece of scroll-work, tracery, or the like. Obs.
1695Phil. Trans. XIX. 154 An Octagonal Tower..beautified on the out-side with Florishes. 1721Bailey, A flourish [in Architecture] is a Flower Work. 1764Harmer Observ. iii. iv. 134 Cracknells are full of holes, being formed into a kind of flourish of lattice-work.
fig.1675Traherne Chr. Ethics xxviii. 443 Mistake not these things for arbitrary flourishes of luxuriant fancy.
b. In Penmanship, a decoration about a letter or writing, consisting of flowing curves executed with a sweep of the pen.
1652H. More Antid. Ath. ii. vi. 68 They were intended onley for ludicrous ornaments of Nature, like the flourishes about a great letter that signify nothing. 1758J. Blake Plan Mar. Syst. 8 In the middle of this sheet..let a flourish be printed, so that the sheet may be cut in two, indentwise. 1831Lamb Let. to Dyer (1888) II. 268 By your flourishes, I should think you never learned to..flourish the governors' names in the writing-school. 1861Sala Dutch Pict. 2 An original Rembrandt (with a flourish to the R).
5. Literary or rhetorical embellishment; ambitious copiousness or amplification; parade of fine words or phrases; a florid expression.
1603Holland Plutarch's Mor. 74 By a flourish of fine words, they devise shifts [and] evasions. 1673True Worship God 56 Those pleasing Varieties and Flourishes in Pulpit Harangues. 1708Berkeley Commonpl. Bk. Wks. 1871 IV. 492, I abstain from all flourish and powers of words and figures. 1823Scott Peveril xlvi, He commenced with a flourish about his sufferings for the Plot. 1867Freeman Norm. Conq. (1876) I. App. 542 These unusual phrases are clearly mere flourishes.
†b. A boast, brag. Obs.
1586A. Day Eng. Secretary ii. (1625) 44 All your..flourish made of your company, their reputation, your civilitie. 1706Phillips (ed. Kersey), Flourish..a Vaunt, Boast, or Brag.
6. An ostentatious waving about of a weapon or anything else held in the hand; a showy movement of the body or limbs.
1601Cornwallyes Ess. xii, Like seeming Fencers wee are meeter for a flourish, then defence. 1713Steele Guardian No. 50 ⁋2 Before he applied his weapon to my chin, he gave me a flourish with it. 1737Bracken Farriery Impr. (1757) II. 167 It would splint him..if the Rider were to make his Flourishes upon his Back like a Rope-dancer. 1840F. D. Bennett Whaling Voy. I. 142 A few..musicians embellish their performance with a flourish of the fingers. 1859Dickens T. Two Cities i. v, The three customers pulled off their hats to Madame Defarge, with three flourishes.
fig.1777A. Hamilton Wks. (1886) VII. 510 Their flourishes in the Jerseys, I believe, cannot have cost them less than six or seven hundred men.
b. esp. A graceful brandishing of the weapon by way of salute or display at the beginning of a fencing match. † Hence fig. a prolusion, ornamental preamble; a piece of compliment or display preliminary to serious business or discussion. (Cf. 7 c.)
1552Huloet, Florysh, proludium. 1571Golding Calvin on Ps. xviii. 44 That was but a florish of the sovereintie promised to Christ. 1593R. Harvey Philad. 2 This is your florish, to no purpose, then to shew reading. a1626Bacon Ess., Fame (Arb.) 579 This is a flourish: There follow excellent Parables. 1826Scott Woodst. xxviii, Ere they had done more than salute each other, with the usual courteous flourish of their weapons.
7. Music.
a. A fanfare (of horns, trumpets, etc.), esp. to announce the approach of a person of distinction.
1594Shakes. Rich. III, iv. iv. 148 A flourish, Trumpets! strike Alarum, Drummes! 1609Heywood Lucrece v. i, A flourish with drums and trumpets. 1712Philips Distressed Mother iv. i, A flourish of trumpets. 1788C. Reeve Exiles II. 127 Two trumpeters..blew a flourish, and the herald gave his challenge. 1813Ann. Reg. 52 The Duke of York gave the toast; it was announced from the head of the table by a flourish of trumpets. 1814Scott Wav. xlv, When Waverley reached that part of the column which was filled by the clan of Mac-Ivor, they..received him with a triumphant flourish upon the bagpipes. 1868Regul. & Ord. Army ⁋58 In corps not having a band, the bugles or trumpets will sound the flourish.
fig.1884J. A. H. Murray 13th Presid. Addr. in Trans. Philol. Soc. 516 Friends, who..send..with a flourish of trumpets to Notes and Queries.
b. A florid passage; a florid style of composition; a decorative addition introduced by player or singer. Also, ‘the execution of profuse but unmeaning ornamentation in music’ (Stainer and Barrett).
1646Crashaw Poems, Musick's Duell 137 The Lute's light Genius now does proudly rise, Heav'd on the surges of swolne Rapsodyes. Whose flourish, (Meteor-like) doth curle the aire With flash of high-borne fancyes. 1724Ramsay Tea-t. Misc. (1733) I. p. v, Such are not judges of the fine flowrishes of new musick imported from Italy. 1823Crabb Technol. Dict., Flourish..the decorative notes which a singer, or instrumental performer, adds sometimes to a passage.
c. A short extemporized sequence of notes sounded as a prelude at the beginning of a piece of music. Cf. 6 b.
1706A. Bedford Temple Mus. ix. 191 Each Side might begin with a different Flourish. 1876Stainer & Barrett Dict. Mus. Terms, Flourish..The preparatory cadenza for ‘tuning the voice’, in which singers formerly indulged just before commencing their song.
transf.1850W. Irving Knickerb. iv. ii. 117 He preluded his address by a sonorous blast of the nose; a preliminary flourish much in vogue among public orators.
▪ II. flourish, v.|ˈflʌrɪʃ|
pa. tense and pple. flourished. Forms: 3–4 floris(e, (4 floryse, fluris), 4 florisse, 4–5 florysse, floresshe, florische, (4 flurshe, fluri(s)che, flors(c)he, 5 floresche, florche), 4–6 florisshe, -yssh(e, 4–7 florish(e, (6 floorish), 5–6 florys(c)h(e, 6 Sc. flures, -eis, -is, flwreis, 4–6 flourishe, (4 flouresshe), 5–6 flourysshe, (5 flowrysche, 6 flourys(c)h, 7 flowrish), 4– flourish.
[a. OF. floriss- lengthened stem of florir (mod.F. fleurir) = Pr. florir, It. fiorire:—vulgar L. type *flōrīre, f. flōr-, flōs, flower. The intr. senses represent those of L. flōrēre, which like many other vbs. in -ēre passed into the -īre conjugation in Romanic.]
I. intr. To blossom, thrive.
†1. Of a plant or tree: To blossom, flower. Obs.
a1300Cursor M. 21701 (Gött.) Þar florist ane [wand] als ȝe haue herd. c1386Chaucer Pars. T. ⁋43 To smelle the sote savour of the vyne whanne it florissheth. 1485Caxton Chas. Gt. 36 The crowne began to florysshe & a meruayllous swete odour yssued out of the floures. 1578Lyte Dodoens ii. xx. 170 It beginneth to floure at the toppe of the stalke, and so goeth florishing downewarde.
b. To throw out leaves and shoots; to shoot forth; to grow vigorously and luxuriantly. Now only with mixture of sense 4.
1303R. Brunne Handl. Synne 905 Here vynys florshede feyre and weyl. 1382Wyclif Ezek. xvii. 24 Y made the drye tree for to florisshe. 1577B. Googe Heresbach's Husb. i. (1586) 25 b, In hotte Countreys later, least they shoulde florishe before the Winter, and be.. blasted. 1727Broome Seat of War in Flanders 157 Poems 76 Pallas with her Javelin smote the Ground, And peaceful Olives flourish'd from the Wound. 1784Cowper Task iii. 571 The spiry myrtle with unwithering leaf Shines there and flourishes. 1877Huxley Physiogr. xiii. 212 As these trees do not grow in water, it is evident that the land on which they flourished has been depressed.
c. fig.
1340Hampole Pr. Consc. 725 Arely a man passes als þe gres, He floresshe and passes away. 1470–85Malory Arthur xviii. xxv, Euery lusty herte that is in ony maner a louer spryngeth and floryssheth in lusty dedes. 1526Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 74 Flourysshe the forenoone neuer so fresshe, at the last commeth the euentyde. a1586Satir. Poems Reform. xxxvii. 68 Bakbyttaris..flwreis sone, but forder fructe þai faill. 1611Bible Isa. lxvi. 14 Your bones shall flourish like an herbe.
2. gen. To thrive.
a. Of persons: To prosper, do well.
a1340Hampole Psalter Cant. 518 Whare ere þai now all bicumyn þat florysst in þis warlde? 1572Forrest Theophilus 697 in Anglia VII, Florishinge more then anye queene heere. 1670R. Coke Disc. Trade 60 We flourish in the French Trade. 1704Nelson Compan. Festiv. & Fasts xxiv. 255 Bad Men as frequently prosper and flourish. 1833H. Martineau Brooke Farm iii. 31 Men who were starving on land of their own, are now flourishing on the wages I give them. 1874L. Stephen Hours in Libr. (1892) I. vi. 233 Tartufe..flourishes and thrives.
b. Of things (e.g. art, science, an institution): To attain full development; to be prosperous or successful, be in vogue; to have many followers or patrons.
c1400Rom. Rose 6233 Men may in secular clothes see Florisshen holy religioun. 1504W. Atkynson tr. De Imitatione i. xviii. 166 The holy sayntes..in whom florysshed the perfeccyon of all relygyon. 1571Digges Pantom., Math. Disc. Pref. T j, Where such sciences firste tooke their originall, and in what languages and countreys they chieflye florished. 1649Bp. Reynolds Hosea v. 47 The way for the church to prosper and florish. 1754Sherlock Disc. (1759) I. iv. 144 When Science flourished in the East. 1885Law Times LXXIX. 130/1 The poor law system..has flourished for over three centuries.
†3. To thrive, display vigour in, of, with (something specified); also, to abound in, overflow with.
a1300Cursor M. 21222 (Cott.) Barnabas..In vertuz florisand sa fele. c1380Wyclif Serm. Sel. Wks. I. 96 Men þat shulden florishe in vertues. 1530Lyndesay Test. Papyngo 795 Those dayis quhen so thay [the Prelatis] flurisit in fame. 1559W. Cuningham Cosmogr. Glasse 175 Cambridge, a Universitie florishing with al kind of good letters. 1628Hobbes Thucyd. (1822) 1 They flourished..in all manner of provision. 1660F. Brooke tr. Le Blanc's Trav. Ded. A ij, An age that flourishes with Pens, and Criticks. 1726Leoni Alberti's Archit. II. 4/1 Greece..flourishing in excellent geniusses.
4. To be at the height of fame or excellence; to be in one's bloom or prime. Also in weaker sense, used in pa. tense of a person to indicate that his life and activity belong to a specified period (cf. floruit).
1387Trevisa Higden (Rolls) IV. 173 In his tyme Plautus Latinus..florischeþ at Rome. 1550Veron Godly Sayings A ij, Origene..did florysshe in the yere of our lorde cc.lxi. 1661Bramhall Just Vind. i. 3 His most renowned Ancestours..flourished whilest Popery was in its Zenith. 1700Dryden Pref. Fables (Globe) 494 Spenser and Fairfax both flourished in the reign of Queen Elizabeth. 1820W. Irving Sketch Bk. I. 189 James flourished nearly about the time of Chaucer and Gower. 1855Tennyson Brook 11 In our schoolbooks we say, Of those that held their heads above the crowd, They flourish'd then or then.
II. To adorn.
†5. trans. To adorn with flowers or verdure; to cause to bloom or thrive.
a1300Cursor M. 16860 (Cott.) Þe rode it was wit leif and barc florist ful selcuthli. 1375Barbour Bruce xvi. 69 Feldis florist ar with flowris. c1430Lydg. Min. Poems (Percy Soc.) 78 God..Hath florisshed the erthe on every side..Withe grete habundaunce of vyridite. 1500–20Dunbar Poems xlvi. 21 Fresche Flora hes flurest every spray. 1716Fenton Ode to Ld. Gower Poems (1717) 219 With shadowy verdure flourish'd high, A sudden youth the Groves enjoy.
fig.1470–85Malory Arthur xviii. xxv, Lete euery man of worship florysshe his herte in this world. c1614J. Davies Scourge of Folly To Earle Pembrooke, Wks. (Grosart) 52/1 But when the sonne of fauor shines on mee My May may then haue Might to flourish thee.
†b. Cookery. To ornament, garnish (a dish).
c1390Form of Cury in Warner Antiq. Culin. 13 Take brede..Florish it with white coliandre in confyt. c1430Two Cookery-bks. i. 30 Florche it a-bouyn with Pome⁓garned. 1502Arnolde Chron. (1811) 239 Storke roosted, pecoke florisshed, carpe in soppis.
†6. gen. To adorn, decorate, embellish, ornament. Also with out, over, up. Obs.
c1325Coer de L. 1842 Six stages ful of towrelles, Wel flourished with cornelles. a1400Morte Arth. 771 Hys feete ware floreschede alle in fyne sabylle. 1489–99Inscription Holloway Chapel, Widcome, nr. Bath in Wood Life (O.H.S.) II. 409 Thys chapill floryschyd with formosyte spectabyll..prior Cantlow had edyfyd. 1581G. Pettie Guazzo's Civ. Conv. iii. (1586) 125 Those which florish up themselves by arte. 1590Greene Never too late Wks. (Grosart) VIII. 194 Her face full of chast colours: such as florish out the fronts of Dianas virgins. 1608Topsell Serpents 738 Their skin seemeth to be flourished with certain pictures. 1611Coryat Crudities 145 Sixe very precious sockets..flowrished ouer with a triple gilting. a1716South Serm. (1744) X. 56 This would make him begin to..try the foundation before he flourished the superstructure.
fig.1377Langl. P. Pl. B. xiv. 294 Þe fierthe [pouerte] is a fortune þat florissheth þe soule Wyth sobrete fram al synne. 1587Fleming Contn. Holinshed III. 1323/1 Deceipt [sheweth] finest when he is cunninglie florished. 1603Shakes. Meas. for M. iv. i. 75 The Iustice of your title to him Doth flourish the deceit.
b. To embellish or ornament (a book, writing, etc.) with ‘flourishes’ (see flourish n. 4 b). † In early use also: To illuminate; to adorn with colour or decorative designs of any kind. Obs.
c1440Promp. Parv. 167/2 Floryschen bokys, floro. 1573Art of Limning 5 With this [turnesoll] you may flourishe redde letters, or vestures. 1679–88Secr. Serv. Money Chas. II & Jas. II (Camden) 55 Gideon Roger, for writing and flourishing, partly in gold, a letter to the Emperor of Fez.
absol.1660G. Tomlyn's Patent No. 128 A way to text and flourish in velams and parchment.
†7. To embellish (a narration, etc.) with flowers of speech; to ornament or set off with fine words or phrases; to express in flowery language. Obs.
13..Minor P. fr. Vernon MS. lii. 496 Þeiȝ þis tale beo florisshed with faire flour. 1494Fabyan Chron. 3 So haue I nowe sette out this rude werke..That the lerned and the studyed clerke May..Flowrysshe it with Eloquence. 1540Elyot Image Gov. Pref. (1556) 3 Desiryng more to make it playne to all readers, than to flourishe it with over muche eloquence. 1631Shirley Love in Maze iii. iii, You have..Wanted no art to flourish your warm passion. 1678Cudworth Intell. Syst. 63 Which Argument is further flourisht and descanted upon in this manner. 1691‘G. D'Emilianne’ Frauds Rom. Monks 177 The Catechizer flourish'd his Discourse with Circumstances so extravagant [etc.].
b. intr. ‘To use florid language; to speak with ambitious copiousness and elegance’ (J.); to descant floridly on or upon. Also with away.
1700T. Baker Reflect. Learning iv. (ed. 2) 32/2 Whilst he [Cicero] acts the part of the Rhetorician, he dilates and flourishes, and gives Example instead of Rule. 1725Watts Logic iv. i. 518 They dilate sometimes, and flourish long upon little Incidents, and they skip over and but lightly touch the drier Part of their Theme. 1824L. Murray Eng. Gram. (ed. 5) I. 435 They are often misled, by a desire of flourishing on the several properties of a metaphor. 1858Gen. P. Thompson Audi Alt. II. lxxxi. 41 Another flourishes away upon the assertion that the French Emperor was chosen by the Ballot.
†8. trans.
a. To lay (one tint) upon (another) by way of ornament;
b. to work up ornamentally.
a1592Greene Opharion Wks. (Grosart) XII. 70 Touching the faultles mixture of vermillion flourisht vpon Iuory. a1626Bacon War w. Spain (1629) 3 Bottomes of threed close wound vp, which with a good needle..may be flourished into large workes.
III. To display ostentatiously.
9. To brandish (a weapon, etc.); to wave about by way of show or triumph. Also, to move (the limbs) vigorously.
1382Wyclif 2 Macc. xi. 8 An horsman apeeride goynge byfore hem..florishynge a shaft. 1388― Ps. vii. 13 If ȝe ben not conuertid, he schal florische his swerd. 1592Shakes. Rom. & Jul. i. i. 85 Old Mountague..flourishes his Blade in spight of me. 1646Crashaw Sospetto d'Herode xxxiii, All the Powers of Hell in full applause Flourisht their snakes. 1820Scott Ivanhoe II. iii. 45 Anon, balancing his expanded palms, he gently flourished them in time to the music. 1831T. L. Peacock Crotchet Castle viii. 144 He began mechanically to flourish his bamboo. 1840Dickens Old C. Shop xxi, Richard Swiveller..looking at the dwarf..as he flourished his arms and legs about.
†b. absol. Obs.
1588Shakes. Tit. A. i. i. 311 Goe giue that changing peece, To him that flourisht for her with his sword. 1627–77Feltham Resolves i. xxxviii. 63 Whosoever will jest, should be like him that flourishes at a show: he may turn his weapon any way. 1690W. Walker Idiomat. Anglo-Lat., To flourish is one thing, to fight another.
c. intr. Of a weapon (or the like): To be brandished or waved about.
1388Wyclif Job xxxix. 23 A spere and scheeld schal florische. 1773H. Luson in Duncombe's Lett. II. App. xlviii, All this while the cane kept flourishing over Jerry's head.
10. a. trans. To display, make a display or parade of. b. intr. ‘To boast, brag’ (J.); to talk big; to ‘swagger’, ‘show off’; also with about, off. †c. To exhibit oneself conspicuously, make a flourish or parade. Obs.
a.c1380Wyclif Sel. Wks. III. 341 Summe florishen oþer names & seien þat he [the pope] is moost blissed fader. 1592Greene Disput. 6 Your sugred words, that you florish rethorically like nettes to catch fooles. 1638Sir T. Herbert Trav. (ed. 2) 93 He..florisht his colours in signe of victory, and as a call to Abdulchan to second him. 1755Scott Dict., To Flourish Colours [in military affairs] is to display them.
b.1674N. Fairfax Bulk & Selv. 159 If any man think to come flourishing off with this. 1699Bentley Phal. Introd. 22 The Examiner, after he has cited this Scholiast on Aristophanes, thus flourishes. 1729Swift To Delany Wks. 1755 III. ii. 233 To flourish o'er a cup of gin. 1816J. Gilchrist Philos. Etym. p. xvii, Mr. Horne Tooke has flourished rather too much about Gothic and Saxon. 1866Carlyle Inaug. Addr. 9 He goes flourishing about with them.
c.1563Foxe A. & M. 1710/1 All the other Ladies of the court florished in their brauerye. 1611Bible Song. Sol. ii. 9 He looked forth at the window, shewing himself [marg. flourishing] through the lattice. 1750Warburton Julian Wks. 1811 VIII. 192 A reverend Stole..came..into the possession of a notorious prostitute, who flourished with it on the public stage.
†11.
a. trans. Of the sun: To shoot out (beams).
b. intr. Of light. Obs.
1515Scot. Field 427 in Chetham Misc. II, Phebus full faire florished out his beames. 1587Golding De Mornay vi. 64 From thence there flourished a certeine holy brightnesse.
†12. intr. To move with a flourish; to make sweeping movements; ‘to play in wanton and irregular motions’ (J.). Obs.
1728Pope Dunc. ii. 180 Impetuous spread The stream, and, smoaking, flourish'd o'er his head. 1735Somerville Chase ii. 256 They're check'd—hold back with speed—on either Hand They flourish round.
†13. Music and Fencing. To give a short fanciful exhibition by way of exercise before the real performance. To play, with a flourish. Also quasi-trans. to flourish out (notes). Obs.
1552Huloet, Florysh, as a maister of fence doth wt weapon, or a musitian in syngyng, proludo. 1718Freethinker No. 15 ⁋1 Musicians, before they begin to play, always flourish out some loose Notes. 1766Goldsm. Vic. W. x, Instead..of finishing George's shirts, we now had them..flourishing upon catgut. 1810James Milit. Dict., To flourish..is to play some prelude or preparatory air without any settled rule.
b. Of trumpets: To sound a flourish or fanfare.
1588Shakes. Tit. A. iv. ii. 49 Why do the Emperors trumpets flourish thus? 1706Addison Rosamond i. iv, Trumpets flourish. |