| 释义 |
totalitarian, a. and n.|təʊtælɪˈtɛərɪən|
[f. totality + -arian, after It. totalitario complete, absolute; totalitarian.]
A. adj. Of or pertaining to a system of government which tolerates only one political party, to which all other institutions are subordinated, and which usu. demands the complete subservience of the individual to the State. Also transf. Cf. total a. 3 c.
1926B. B. Carter tr. Sturzo's Italy & Fascismo ix. 220 Anti-Fascism..has, however, a positive sense if it is taken to represent an element antagonistic to the ‘totalitarian’ and absolute position of Fascism. 1929Times 2 Nov. 7/5 A reaction against parliamentarism..in favour of a ‘totalitarian’ or unitary state, whether Fascist or Communist. 1936E. Underhill Worship xii. 251 This cultus is, in origin, an acknowledgement of the corporate and totalitarian character of the Christian response to God. 1937E. Pound in Germany & You 25 Apr. 95 (heading) Totalitarian scholarship and the new paideuma. Ibid. 96/2 In 1937 we are concerned with the reintegration of the arts in totalitarian synthesis. 1940Hutchinson's Pictorial Hist. War 2 Oct.–26 Nov. 183 We have all heard lately about total or totalitarian war. It has been defined as conflict between nations taking the place of armed forces. Every citizen is in a sense a combatant and also the object of attack. 1951H. Arendt Burden of Our Time iii. x. 303 Totalitarian movements aim at and succeed in organizing masses—not classes. 1964H. Marcuse One Dimensional Man i. 3 ‘Totalitarian’ is not only a terroristic political coordination of society, but also a non-terroristic economic-technical coordination which operates through the manipulation of needs by vested interests. 1977M. Walker National Front i. 15 The totalitarian society is a single-minded structure. It mobilizes all its resources under one authority to achieve one goal.
B. n. A leader or member of a totalitarian party; an advocate or supporter of totalitarianism.
1938Times 20 Oct. 15/3 The new methods of the totalitarians. 1944A. Huxley Let. 10 Apr. (1969) 504 The Left-wing Intellectuals and the Labour Party are eager totalitarians. 1958R. Liddell Morea ii. vi. 149 Sparta has one of the finest romantic backgrounds in Greece; this is not surprising, for only romantics can successfully be totalitarians. 1978L. Deighton SS-GB xiv. 115 The totalitarians of right and left have constantly to describe the faith they have in common.
Hence totaliˌtarianiˈzation, the action or process of rendering totalitarian; the fact of becoming totalitarian.
1941‘G. Orwell’ in Partisan Rev. July–Aug. 321, I don't believe that the ordinary man cares a damn about the totalitarianisation of our economy. 1954Encounter Dec. 32/2 Professor Hayek originated the phrase, ‘the Road to Serfdom’, to describe the progressive totalitarianisation of a whole society by a government that only wanted at first to control the economy, but finds more and more human obstacles to this aim. 1958M. Fainsod Smolensk under Soviet Rule xxiii. 446 The stately procession includes urbanization, industrialization, collectivization, secularization, bureaucratization and totalitarianization. |