| 释义 |
▪ I. flavour, flavor, n.|ˈfleɪvə(r)|
Forms: α. 4– flavor, 5 Sc. flewoure, 5– flavour. β. 6 Sc. fleoure, fleure, fleowre, fleware, -ere, 8 Sc. flaur.
[app. an adoption of OF. flaur, fleiur, *flaor, fraor smell. The euphonic v of the α forms cannot be proved to have existed in OF. (the OF. form flaveur alleged by Roquefort being unauthenticated); the analogy of OF. emblaver for earlier emblaer, povoir (mod. pouvoir) for earlier pooir, is open to question. Possibly the word may have undergone assimilation to savour.
The OF. forms cited above are treated by Godef. as variants of flairor:—vulgar L. *frāg(r)ōrem (cf. It. fragore), f. frāgrāre (see fragrant); but some scholars refer them to a Lat. type *flātōrem, f. flāt- ppl. stem of flāre to blow.
With regard to the use of -our or -or, see favour.]
1. A smell, odour. In mod. use with more limited sense (cf. 2): A more or less subtle admixture or accompanying trace of a particular odour; an olfactory suggestion of the presence of some particular ingredient; an aroma.
13..E.E. Allit. P. A. 87 So frech flauorez of frytez were, As fode hit con me fayre refete. c1425Wyntoun Chron. ix. xxvi. 107 Of þat Rute þe kynd Flewoure, As Flouris havand, þat Sawoure He had. c1450Henryson Mor. Fab. 66 The Foxe the flewer of the fresh Herring feils. 1483Caxton Gold. Leg. 183/1 A flauour like a smoke of frankencence smellyng so swete. 1513Douglas æneis vii. ii. 134 Ane strang flewir thrawis wp in the air. 1542Boorde Dyetary viii. (1870) 246 Stand or syt a good waye of from the fyre, takyinge the flauour of it. 1568G. Skeyne The Pest (1860) 18 Fleure of stank or corrupt reueir. 1606W. Birnie Kirk-Buriall (1833) 26 To avoyd the deads flewer, they were constrained to bury abroad. 1667Dryden State Innoc. iii. i, Myrtle, Orange, and the blushing Rose..Each seems to smell the flavor which the other blows. 1781J. Moore View Soc. It. (1790) I. xxiii. 266 The body..is said to emit a very agreeable..flavour. 1843James Forest Days ii, Spill a drop [of ale] on the floor, to give a new flavour to the room. 1870Dickens E. Drood iii, A..city, deriving an earthy flavour throughout from its cathedral crypt.
2. The element in the taste of a substance which depends on the co-operation of the sense of smell; a more or less subtle peculiarity of taste distinguishing a substance from others; a touch or slight admixture of a particular kind of taste; a savour.
Milton's use of flavour in the first quot., where he apparently distinguishes it both from taste and smell, has given rise to a conjecture that the sense is that of L. flāvor yellowness (a correctly formed word, though without classical authority.) Possibly a recollection of the text ‘Ne intuearis vinum quando flavescit’ (Prov. xxiii. 31) led Milton to use the word in what he may have imagined to be its etymological sense. But it is not certain that he did not mean it simply in sense 2.
[1671Milton Samson 544 Desire of wine..Thou couldst repress; nor did the dancing Rubie..the flavor, or the smell, Or taste..Allure thee.] 1697Congreve Juvenal Sat. xi. 32 If brought from far, it [Fish] very dear has cost, It has a Flavour then, which pleases most. 1712Addison Spect. No. 409 ⁋2 That Sensitive Taste, which gives us a Relish of every different Flavour that affects the Palate. 1745P. Thomas Jrnl. Anson's Voy. 331 White [Cape Wine]..if kept two years, has much the Flavor of Canary. 1789Mrs. Piozzi Journ. France II. 372 Oak..smoke gives the peculiar flavour to that bacon. 1846J. Baxter Libr. Pract. Agric. (ed. 4) II. 419, I have seldom observed the wine to have any very sensible flavour,—meaning, by flavour, that compound sensation of smell and taste which characterises the finer kinds of wines.
3. fig. (of 1 and 2).
†a. ‘Fragrance’ (of renown) (obs.).
b. An undefinable characteristic quality instinctively apprehended.
c. Piquancy, zest.
c1449Pecock Repr. i. xvi. 90 He schulde thanne haue..more noble flaouur of digne fame. 1699Pomfret Poems (1724) 44 The soft Reflections..leave a grateful Flavour in my Breast. 1866Carlyle in Glasg. Weekly Her. 15 June (1883) 1/7 Happy is he (still more is she) who has got to know a Bad Book by the very flavour. 1874Mahaffy Soc. Life Greece viii. 244 A certain aristocratic flavour must have ever dwelt about the Athenian. 1875Jowett Plato (ed. 2) I. 338 They have lost the flavour of Socratic irony in the narrative of Xenophon. 1876Trevelyan Macaulay II. xiv. 399 The hospitality at Holly Lodge had about it a flavour of pleasant peculiarity.
d. flavour of the month (or week) (orig. U.S.): an ice-cream flavour featured during a particular period; now freq. fig., something that is currently fashionable.
1946Ice Cream Rev. Sept. 72/2 Illinois Association of Ice Cream Manufacturers has set up a committee which will give serious study to a suggested flavor and flavor-of-the-month program for 1947. 1949Boston Daily Globe 25 Aug. 22/1 (Advt.), Ice Cream Flavor of the Week special. Maple nut only. 25c pint. 1955Ice Cream Field Mar. 77/2 (Advt.), Run any ripple flavor as your flavor of the month—every month of the year. 1968Dairy & Ice Cream Field July 49/3 The routes will offer four standard flavors and special flavor-of-the-month ice cream. 1979Washington Post 20 Sept. d2/1 Young Dan Quisenberry, the Royals' bullpen flavor of the month in their shattered relief corps, got five final outs in a row for a save. 1983Financial Times 5 Nov. 28/6 The U.S. investment banks have been doing their bit—GEC is their flavour of the week. 1984Austral. Financial Rev. 9 Nov. 17/2 This ranks Australia second only to Hawaii as the most popular holiday spot... ‘Australia is the flavour of the month,’ as Mr Brian Walsh put it. 1986Times 19 Feb. 19/1 Synergy is the flavour of the week.
4. = flavouring 2.
1785J. Trusler Mod. Times II. 82 Three fourths of the white wine drank in this kingdom are compositions put together here, and made palatable by a liquor they call flavour.
5. Particle Physics. [An arbitrary choice of name.] A quantized property of quarks which differentiates them into (at least) six varieties (called up and down, charmed and strange, top and bottom) and which can be changed by the weak interaction; an analogous property of leptons which differentiates the electron, the muon, the tau, and their respective neutrinos. Also, a quark or lepton of a particular flavour.
1975Sci. Amer. Oct. 38/1 In the whimsical terminology that has evolved for the discussion of quarks they are said to come in four flavors, and each flavor is said to come in three colors. (‘Flavor’ and ‘color’ are, of course, arbitrary labels; they have no relation to the usual meanings of those words.) 1978Nature 2 Feb. 406/2 The quarks in the proton and neutron are of two varieties (or flavours), ‘up’ (u) and ‘down’ (d). 1980Sci. Amer. July 60/1 For almost 20 years it has been well established that there are at least two flavors, or kinds, of neutrino; one flavor can appear only in association with an electron and the other is always created together with a muon. 1981M. Gell-Mann in J. H. Mulvey Nature of Matter viii. 176 The electromagnetic and weak forces are ‘flavour forces’: the electric charge of a particle depends on its flavour; weak forces are flavour exchange forces. 1981[see charm n.1 6]. 1982[see up a. 6]. 1985Sci. Amer. Apr. 66/3 Like leptons, the quarks experience weak interactions that change one species, or flavor, into another.
▪ II. flavour, v.|ˈfleɪvə(r)|
Also 6 flaver.
[f. prec. n.]
1.
†a. intr. To be odorous, savour, smell. Obs.
c1425Wyntoun Cron. viii. viii. 16 Wyth Spycery welle savorand, And of kynd welle flevorand Ðat ilke Hart..Scho bawmyd.
b. To have the flavour of, to savour.
1887M. Corelli Thelma i. xii, A strange sickening sense of unrest that flavoured of despair. 1897Westm. Gaz. 4 Mar. 3/3 Though they flavour more of antiquity and the early Victorian era than of novelty.
2. To give flavour, taste, or scent to; to season; in first quot. † to make to ‘smell’ warm.
1542Boorde Dyetary viii. (1870) 248 Flauer the insyde of them [hosen] agaynst the fyre. 1730–6in Bailey (folio). 1830M. Donovan Dom. Econ. I. 23 Some of their wines were flavoured with a kind of pitch. 1873Tristram Moab xiii. 241 The water only slightly flavoured our tea.
fig.1883S. C. Hall Retrospect I. 66 Oaths..flavoured every third sentence that was uttered on board ship.
3. To try the flavour of; to taste. rare—1.
1823Lamb Lett. (1888) II. 87 Yours is the delicatest..melting piece I ever flavoured. |