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▪ I. torque, torc, n.1|tɔːk|
Also tork.
[ad. L. torquēs, -is (see torques); so mod.F. torque.]
A collar, necklace, bracelet, or similar ornament consisting of a twisted narrow band or strip, usually of precious metal, worn especially by the ancient Gauls and Britons.
1834J. R. Planché Brit. Costume 10 The Britons..who could not procure them of the precious metals wore torques of iron. 1851D. Wilson Preh. Ann. (1863) II. iv. vi. 472 The torc may be regarded as the most characteristic relic of primitive Celtic and Teutonic art. 1877L. Jewitt Half-hrs. among Eng. Antiq. 226 Having torn a torque of gold from the neck of a vanquished Gaul.
attrib.1877W. Jones Finger-ring 66 This might be denominated a torque ring.
▪ II. torque, n.2 Physics.
[f. L. torquēre to twist.]
The twisting or rotary force in a piece of mechanism (as a measurable quantity); the moment of a system of forces producing rotation.
1884Jas. Thomson in Sci. Papers (1912) p. civ. (Apr.). 1884S. P. Thompson Dynamo-electric Mach. xvii. 308 The torque or turning-moment is, in a series dynamo, both when used as generator and when used as a motor, very nearly proportional to the current. 1906Daily Chron. 21 Apr. 3/7 Torque is the amount of force in a rotary direction—the power of the twist. If you hold one end of a rod and I hold the other, and I twist it round in your hands, that is because I am giving it a torque greater than you can resist. 1907Installation News Oct. 9/1 This small boss takes up the torque due to screwing up the tube.
b. A proposed unit of this: see quot.
1899Jude Physics, Exper. & Theor. I. i. i. §46. 33 In the French system, the absolute unit of moment would be the moment of a force of one dyne, about a point at one centimetre perpendicular distance from its line of action; this unit we shall call one torque.
c. attrib. and Comb. torque converter, a device that varies or multiplies torque; torque meter, torquemeter = torsionmeter s.v. torsion 3; torque motor Electr. Engin., an electric motor designed to exert a torque without continuous rotation; torque wrench, a device to set and adjust the tension of nuts and bolts.
1934Webster, *Torque converter. 1944Machine Design July 117 The Lysholm-Smith torque converter..incorporates multiple-stage turbine blading. 1970Commercial Motor 25 Sept. 65/3 Its 190 bhp is passed through a two-stage torque-convertor which in its hydraulic stage multiplies the engine torque by 4·7 and in its mechanical stage has a ratio of 1·046 to 1, a slight overdrive.
1909Westm. Gaz. 30 Nov. 5/1 Intended as a *torque-increasing mechanism to propel motor-cars within reasonable limits without the intervention of change-speed gears.
1911H. M. Hobart Dict. Electr. Terms II. 564/1 *Torque meter. 1955Electronic Engin. XXVII. 430/1 Several types of torquemeter are known but..it has sometimes proved difficult to obtain reliable results in this particular application [sc. in aircraft].
1926Gloss. Terms Electr. Engin. (Brit. Engin. Stand. Assoc.) 54 *Torque motor. 1946Nature 13 July 54/2 As a torque motor, the machine was required to operate on 333 c./s. and works continuously under standstill conditions, with a temperature rise at 20 volts/phase of about 30°C. 1979Engin. Materials & Design Oct. 43/1 Torque motors are those which are designed to provide their maximum torque under the conditions of ‘stall’ or ‘locked rotor’.
1907Westm. Gaz. 9 Nov. 16/2 The propeller shaft casing..fitted with a massive hinged bracket to form its own *torque rod.
1948A. W. Judge Automobile Engine Overhaul (ed. 3) x. 187 It is important to tighten each nut a little at a time... A *torque wrench is here an advantage. 1979G. Hammond Dead Game v. 55 Janet was still working on the hydraulics of the tractor... She pulled gently on the torque-wrench.
▪ III. torque, v.
[f. torque n.2]
trans. To apply torque to. So ˈtorquing vbl. n.
1954Fasteners IX. v. 3 The subject of bolt torquing. 1960D. A. Halperin Building with Steel xii. 163/2 He then checks the bolts to verify that they have been torqued to at least specified minimum tension. 1978Nature 12 Oct. 517/1 Perhaps these radio galaxies are systems where a pre-existing central black hole is gradually being torqued into alignment with the angular momentum of newly supplied fuel that has reactivated the nucleus. 1981Ibid. 24 Sept. 261/2 Drilling conditions were rugged... Cave-ins and torquing finally caused them to abandon the hole well above their oceanic crustal target. |