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▪ I. fissure, n.|ˈfɪsjʊə(r), ˈfɪʃə(r)|
[a. F. fissure, ad. L. fissūra, f. findĕre (pa. pple. fissus) to cleave.]
1. a. A cleft or opening (usually rather long and narrow) made by splitting, cleaving, or separation of parts; ‘a narrow chasm where a breach has been made’ (J.).
1606R. Cawdrey Table Alph., Fissure, rift, cleft, or pertition. 1677Plot Oxfordsh. 235 Of but few gallons of water forced through a narrow Fissure, he could raise a mist in his Garden. 1695Woodward Nat. Hist. Earth (1723) 6 Those Strata were divided by parallel Fissures. 1730–46Thomson Autumn 811, I see..The gaping fissures to receive the rains. 1814Cary Dante, Inf. xiv. 107 Each part, except the gold, is rent throughout; And from the fissure tears distil. 1856Stanley Sinai & Pal. ii. (1858) 112 The vast fissure of the Jordan valley.
b. fig. (of non-material cleavage).
1876T. Le M. Douse Grimm's L. §61. 150 A dialectic fissure, as it were, was originated. 1890Spectator 5 July, They..were..divided by too deep a social fissure from the Indians whom they were expected to convert.
2. spec.
a. Path. A narrow solution of continuity produced by injury or by ulceration; also, an incomplete fracture of a bone, without separation of parts. (Syd. Soc. Lex.)
c1400Lanfranc's Cirurg. 270 Whanne þe bowels falliþ adoun þoruȝ a fissure .i. a brekynge. 1601Holland Pliny xxi. xx, [It cureth] the Fissures in the seat. 1676Wiseman Surg. v. ix. 379 By a Fall or Blow the Scull may be fissured or fractured..this Fracture or Fissure may be under the Contusion, or [etc.]. 1706Phillips (ed. Kersey), Fissure..In Surgery a kind of Fracture, or breaking of a Bone, that happens in the length of it. 1767Gooch Treat. Wounds I. 249 The best Authors..divide the injuries, of which the skull is susceptible, into five kinds, as a fissure, a fracture, [etc.]. 1876Duhring Dis. Skin 49 Fissures are linear wounds having their seat in the epidermis or corium.
b. Anat., Bot. etc. A natural cleft or opening in an organ or part; e.g. one of the sulci or depressions which separate the convolutions of the brain.
1656–74Blount Glossogr., Fissure, a cleft, a division, a parted leaf. 1713Derham Phys.-Theol. iv. ii. 101 In other Animals the Fissure of the Pupil is erect. 1797M. Baillie Morb. Anat. (1807) 184 The mouth of the earth worm consists of a small longitudinal fissure. 1871Darwin Desc. Man I. i. 10 Bischoff..admits that every chief fissure and fold in the brain of man has its analogy in that of the orang. 1884Syd. Soc. Lex., Fissure..in Botany, the line of cleavage of seed vessels and anthers, and the clefts of a divided leaf.
c. Her. A diminutive of the bend sinister, being one fourth of its width. † Also, a riband, or eighth part of a bend (obs.).
1486Bk. St. Albans, Her. E vij b, Thys fyssure is calde a staffe, and in french it is cald a baston. 1562Leigh Armorie 110 b, A ribande..conteineth in bredeth, the eight parte of y⊇ bende..This ys also called a Fissure. 1610J. Guillim Heraldry ii. v. (1611) 53 It is commonly called a Fissure..in that it cuts or rents the coat armour in twaine. 1828–40Berry Encycl. Herald. I, Fissure is the fourth part of the bend sinister and by some called a staff.
3. The action of cleaving or splitting asunder; the state of being cleft; cleavage.
1633T. Adams Exp. 2nd Peter i. 11 226 The apertion of heaven..in these places signifies..a visible fissure of heaven. 1853Kane Grinnell Exp. xxviii. (1856) 232 On striking the surface with a walking-pole..lines of fissure radiated from the point of impact.
4. attrib. and Comb., as fissure theory; fissure claim, -eruption, -needle, vein (see quots.).
1871Tyndall Fragm. Sc. (1879) I. ix. 281, I had heard the Via Mala cited as a conspicuous illustration of the fissure theory. 1874Knight Dict. Mech., Fissure-needle, a spiral needle for catching together the gaping lips of wounds. 1881Raymond Mining Gloss, Fissure-vein, a fissure in the earth's crust filled with mineral. 1882A. Geikie Text-Bk. Geol. iii. 198 In many parts of the earth..there have been periods..when the crust was rent into innumerable fissures over areas thousands of square miles in extent, and when the molten rock..welled out from the vents, and flooded enormous tracts of country... Of these ‘fissure-eruptions’,..no examples have occurred within the times of human history, unless some of the lava-floods of Iceland can be so regarded. 1886York Herald 4 Aug. 1/4 As usual in such fissure veins..as the workings increase in depth the lode will considerably increase both in thickness and richness. 1894Westm. Gaz. 4 May 6/1 The reef..is reported..to be a true fissure claim.
▪ II. fissure, v.|ˈfɪʃjʊə(r)|
[f. prec. n.]
1. trans. To make a fissure or fissures in; to cleave, split.
1656Ridgley Pract. Physic 173 When the inward place is Fissured, the outward remaining unhurt. 1676[see fissure n. 2]. 1841Lever C. O'Malley xlvii, The French cannon had fissured the building from top to bottom. 1863Lyell Antiq. Man xi. (ed. 3) 202 By that convulsion the region around Natchez was..much fissured. 1869Phillips Vesuv. viii. 237 The strata would be fissured and displaced.
2. intr. To break into, or open in, fissures; to become cleft or split.
Hence ˈfissuring vbl. n. and ppl. a.
1830Lyell Princ. Geol. I. 419 The rending and fissuring of the ground. 1859Todd Cycl. Anat. V. 49/2 The process of fissuring or segmentation. 1862G. P. Scrope Volcanos 47 The fissuring effect upon solid rocks. |