| 释义 |
▪ I. toll, n.1|təʊl|
Also 2–7 tol, 5–7 tolle, tole, (5–6 towl(e, 6 toule, towlle, Sc. toille, 7 toal(l, toale; 4 tholle, 5–6 tholl, 5 (7 Sc.) thoill, 6–7 thole); the th-forms chiefly in Latin context.
[OE. toll = OFris., OS. tol (MLG., LG., MDu., Du. tol), OHG., MHG. zol (Ger. zoll); ON. tollr (Sw. tull, Da. told), all masc., which with their by-forms, OE. toln, OFris. tol(e)ne, OS. tolna, all fem. (see tolne), are generally referred to late pop. L. tolōneum (recorded in 3–4th c.) for L. telōnium, a. Gr. τελώνιον place of custom, toll-house, f. τελώνης farmer or collector of taxes, τέλος toll, tax, duty.
The form-history is in some points obscure, and some etymologists have sought to derive toll from an OTeut. *tulno-, pa. pple. of *tal-, root of tell v. and of tale. The derivation from Latin is supported by French, in which teloneum, becoming by metathesis *toneleum, has given mod.F. tonlieu, Prov. tolieu ‘toll’.]
1. a. Orig., a general term for: (a) a definite payment exacted by a king, ruler, or lord, or by the state or the local authority, by virtue of sovereignty or lordship, or in return for protection; more especially, (b) for permission to pass somewhere, do some act, or perform some function; or (c) as a share of the money passing, or profit accruing, in a transaction; a tax, tribute, impost, custom, duty.
In (a) obs. exc. Hist.; in (b) retained in special senses (see 2); in (c) still in vague or rhetorical use: see quots. 1832–1909.
c1000Ags. Gosp. Matt. xvii. 25 Hwæt þincð þe symon, æt hwam nymað cyningas gafol oððe toll? 1050–1100in Earle Land Charters 273 æilsiᵹ bohte anne wifmann..& hire sunu..mid healfe punde..& sealde æilsiᵹ portᵹereua[n] et Maccosse hundredes mann iiii. penᵹas to tolle. a1100Aldhelm Glosses i. 1455 in Napier O.E. Glosses 39 Fiscale tributum, cynelic toll. a1100O.E. Chron. an. 1086 (Laud MS.), Hy arerdon unrihte tollas, and maniᵹe oðre unrihte hi dydan. c1100in Earle Land Ch. 262 Her kyð on þissere boc þ̶ Leowine..&..his wif ᵹebohton ælfilde..to feower & sixtuᵹe peneᵹon, & ælfric Hals nam þ̶ toll..for þæs kynges hand. a1300Cursor M. 28438 (Cott.) Toll and tak, and rent o syse, Wit-halden i haue wit couettise. 13..K. Alis. 1760 (Bodl. MS.) Þat ich shal of olde & ȝonge Of þis midlerde tol afonge. c1375Sc. Leg. Saints x. (Mathou) 549 Þis mathow..wes tollar, and toll tuke. 1393Langl. P. Pl. C. i. 98 Boxes..I-bounden with yre, To vnder-take þe tol [v.rr. tolle, tool] of vntrewe sacrifice. c1400Mandeville (1839) xiii. 149 The tolle & the custom of his [Emperor of Persia's] marchantes is with outen estymacyoun to ben nombred. c1440Promp. Parv. 495/2 Tol, or custome, guidagia,..petagium, toloneum. 1483Cath. Angl. 389/2 A Tolle,..talliagium. 1485Rolls of Parlt. VI. 345/2 The Graunte of the Tolle of oure Towne of Knyghton. 1535Coverdale Ezra iv. 13 Then shal not they geue tribute, toll, and yearly custome. 1570Levins Manip. 218/17 Toule, census. 1577tr. Bullinger's Decades (1592) 276 These Publicanes were such as liued vppon the publique toll and customes which they had farmed at the Romanes hands. 1642Fuller Holy & Prof. St. v. xix. 438 Hereby the same commodity must pay a new tole at every passage into a new trade. 1832Tennyson Œnone 114 ‘Honour’, she said, ‘and homage, tax and toll, From many an inland town and haven large’. 1849Macaulay Hist. Eng. ix. II. 445 All fines, all forfeitures went to Sunderland. On every grant toll was paid to him. 1895Pollock & Maitland Hist. Eng. Law I. 648 A large part of the borough's revenue was derived from tolls, if we use that term in its largest sense to include ‘passage, pontage, lastage, stallage, bothage, ewage, tronage, scavage’ and the like. 1909Daily News 14 Sept. 4/2 Sir William Harcourt wished to establish the rule that property should pay toll once every generation, and he succeeded in establishing it.
†b. The taking of toll or tribute; the office of a tax-collector. Obs.
c1000ælfric Hom. II. 288 Oðer [is] þæt man ðurh toll feoh ᵹegadriᵹe. Ibid. 468 Matheus aras þærrihte fram his tolle, and filiᵹde ðam Hælende. Ibid., He hine ᵹeseah sittan æt tolle.
c. In the obsolete law phrase sac and sóc, toll and team, etc. (see sac, team n. 8 b, c): The right to ‘toll’ included (among others) in the grant of a manor by the crown; see quot. 1895.
1017–1118 [see team n. 8 b]. 1130–35Laws Edw. Conf. c. 22 §2 Tol, quod nos vocamus theloneum, scilicet libertatem emendi et vendendi in terra sua. c1250Expos. Vocab. in Placita de Quo Warranto 511 Tol..pro voluntate sua tallagium de villanis suis. a1400Reg. Maj. i. c. 2 in Acts Parl. Scot. (1844) I. 598/1 Qui habent et tenent terras suas cum soko et sako, furca et fossa, toll et them, et infangandthefe. 1456[see team n. 8 d]. 1597Skene De Verb. Sign. s.v., He quha is infeft with Toll, is custome free, and payis na custome. 1607Cowell Interpr., Toll, alias Tholl..hath in our common lawe two significations: First it is vsed for a libertie to buy and sell within the precincts of a maner... Bracton..interpreteth [it] to be a libertie as well to take as to be free from Tolle. 1818Hallam Mid. Ages viii. i. II. 156 A charter of Edred grants to the monastery of Croyland soc, sac, toll, team and infangthef. 1871[see team n. 8 b]. 1895Pollock & Maitland Hist. Eng. Law I. 566 Toll is sometimes the right to take toll, sometimes the right to be free of toll; but often it is merely the right to tallage one's villeins.
2. spec. uses.
a. A charge made for some service rendered: † (a) for passage in a ship, fare. Obs.
c1000ælfric Saints' Lives xxx. 168 Þa..þæs scypes hlaford..ᵹyrnde þæs scyp-tolles, ac ða hi nan þincg næfdon to syllanne, þa ᵹyrnde he þæs wifes for þam tolle.
(b) A proportion of the grain or flour taken by the miller in payment for grinding. ? Obs. or dial.
c1386[implied in toll v.3 1]. c1440Promp. Parv. 496/1 Tol, of myllarys, multa. 1523Fitzherb. Husb. §146 Mete it to the myll & fro the myll, & se yt thou haue thy measure agayne besyde the toll. 1589[see tolbot]. 1638Penkethman Artach. G iv, If the Baker buy corne unground by the Quarter..he hath 68 l. Troy to the bushell, and is to pay the Millers tolle. 1888Elworthy W. Somerset Word-bk., Toll,..the quantity of meal kept by the miller for grinding another's corn.
†b. Rent paid for a house, mill, etc. Obs.
c1000ælfric Saints' Lives xix. 253 Hit ne ᵹedafnað þæt man do godes hus anre mylne ᵹ elic for lyðrum tolle.
c. A charge for the privilege of bringing goods for sale to a market or fair, or of setting up a stall.
c1205Lay. 13316 Her beoð chæpmen icumen of oðere londen..Heo habbeoð ibroht to me tol for heore æhte. c1460Oseney Regr. 10 Be quyte in all mercates of tol i-axid of thynges i-bowghte or solde. 1500Reg. Privy Seal Scotl. I. 68/1 That the said erle..have tholl and uther small custumez of the fairis. 1567Expos. Termes of Law (1579) 178 b/2 Tolle or Tolne, is most properlye a payment vsed in Cities, townes, markets & faires for goods and cattel brought thither to bee bought & solde. 1587Shuttleworths' Acc. (Chetham Soc.) 41 Foure oxen in Prestone xjli xvs iiijd; towlle for the said besste, viijd. 1818Cruise Digest (ed. 2) III. 273 Toll is not of right incident to a fair or market, and can only be claimed by special grant from the Crown, or by prescription; and if the toll be unreasonable, the grant will be void. 1863Fawcett Pol. Econ. ii. vii. (1876) 614 A market toll is paid for the accommodation which a market provides.
d. A charge for the right of passage along a road (at a turnpike or toll-gate: now abolished in Great Britain), along a river or channel, over a bridge or ferry; formerly also, through the gate or door of a building.
1477–8Acc. Exch. K.R. Bundle 496 No. 17 (P.R.O.) Omnes summas monete..vel Toles pro dictis edificacionibus..solutas pro cariagio petrarum maeremii..per terram vel per aquam. 1498Coventry Leet Bk. 592 Howe the Citezenis of Couentre were trobled be there merchandisez in Bristoll, Gloucestre, & Worcestre & compelled to pay tholl & oþer customez contrarie to their liberteez. 1505Reg. Mag. Sig. Scot. 603 Exceptis theoloneo finis pontis, viz. le tholl de le Brig-and de Are. a1548Hall Chron., Hen. VIII 203 b, In this yere was an olde Tolle demaunded in Flaunders of Englysh men, called the Tolle of the Hounde, which is a Ryuer and a passage. The Tolle is .xii. pence of a Fardell. 1604Drayton Owle 386 At his entrance he must pay them Tole. 1617Moryson Itin. i. 56 Here those which carried any merchandise paid tole. 1634Althorp MS. in Simpkinson Washingtons (1860) App. p. xiv, For toale at Thrapston bridge 00 00 02. 1663Act 15 Chas. II, c. 1 §5 Summes of money in the name of Toll or Custome, to be paid for all such Horses, Carts, Coaches, Waggons, Droves, and Gangs of Cattell, as..shall passe, bee ledd, or droven, in or through the said waye. 1838Murray's Hand-bk. N. Germ. 254/1 A toll is here paid by all vessels navigating the Rhine, to the Duke of Nassau, the only chieftain remaining on the river who still exercises this feudal privilege. 1840Howitt Visits Remark. Places Ser. i. 234 The tolls at the doors of St. Paul's and the Tower have been relaxed. 1845McCulloch Taxation Introd. (1852) 33 The statute..imposed tolls, or duties collected at toll gates (called turnpikes), on all travellers along the great north road. 1883‘Ouida’ Wanda I. 61 With a right to take toll on the ferry.
e. A charge for the right of landing or shipping goods at a port; formerly also, a customs duty. Obs. exc. Hist.
1680Morden Geog. Rect., Germ. (1685) 132 The place where Ships pay Tole. 1884S. Dowell Taxes in Eng. I. iv. v. 83 Of wine, a toll in the strictest sense of the term was taken by the king's officer from every ship having in cargo ten casks or more, on the arrival of the ship at a port in England.., unless the toll formed the subject of a composition in the way of a money payment.
f. A charge made for transport of goods, esp. by railway or canal. (Arising out of d.)
1889Standard 21 Mar., Railway projectors were empowered to charge ‘tolls’, not exceeding a specified sum, for the use of their roads. Out of these ‘tolls’ rates were, in a manner, evolved, covering every service.
g. with defining words: through toll (also toll through, toll thorough), toll traverse, turn toll (also toll turn): see quots.
1567Expos. Termes of Law (1579) 179/1 Through tolle, is where a Towne prescribes to haue tol for euery beast that goeth through their Towne. Ibid., Tolle trauers, that is where one claimeth to haue a halfepeny, or such like toll of euery beast that is driuen ouer his ground. Ibid., Turne tolle..is where toll is paied for beasts that are dryuen to bee solde, although that they bee not solde. 1636Prynne Rem. agst. Shipmoney 8 This Tax..layes a farre greater charge on the Subject then any new office, Murage, Toll-travers, or thorough-toll. 1670Blount Law Dict. s.v., Toll-through..Toll-travers..; and Toll-turn, which is Toll paid at the return of Beasts from Fair or Market, though they were not sold. 1827Mackenzie Hist. Newcastle II. 649 The claim of toll thorough..is made by the corporation upon all goods..of non-freemen, brought into or carried out of the town. 1911G. R. Hill in Halsbury Laws Eng. XVI. 62 A toll-thorough is independent of any ownership of the soil by the original grantee, the consideration necessary to support it being usually the liability to repair the particular highway or bridge. Ibid., A toll-traverse is a toll taken in respect of the original ownership of the land crossed by the public.
h. A charge for a telephone call. Usu. attrib. (see also toll call, sense 3 below, toll-free a.). N. Amer.
1886Jrnl. Soc. Telegr. Engineers XV. 275 Another term also very largely used in America is ‘toll line working’; i.e., communication between town and town..which is paid for by tolls per message, and not by annual subscription such as usually occurs in local exchanges. 1912Thiess & Joy Toll Telephone Pract. i. 3 In Bell practice the terms ‘suburban’ and ‘toll’ are often used synonymously, but suburban business is always short haul..while toll business may be long haul but not exceeding 100 miles. The term ‘long distance’ in Bell practice implies any haul exceeding 100 miles and in many cases the toll and the long distance business are handled at different switchboards... The terms ‘toll’ and ‘long distance’ do not have this distinction in independent practice and are commonly synonymous. Ibid. iv. 43 When a toll subscriber desires to call central, he will operate his generator. Ibid. 44 If the jack of the subscriber wanted terminates in the toll position.., the toll operator will simply insert her calling plug and ring. 1921Telegraph & Telephone Jrnl. VII. 180/2 It was eventually decided to remove all the short trunk lines (i.e. up to 25 miles in length) from the Trunk Exchange and to connect them to one or more Toll Exchanges. 1926Daily Colonist (Victoria, B.C.) 11 July 16/1 The British Columbia Telephone Co...built the first toll line to Nanaimo. 1933K. B. Miller Telephone Theory & Pract. III. xi. 466 Telephone traffic between subscribers whose lines are connected to different local exchanges is ordinarily called ‘toll traffic’... Toll traffic is generally classified as ‘short haul’ or ‘suburban’ for distances up to the neighborhood of about 50 miles, and ‘long haul’ or ‘long distance’ for connections between more widely separated points. 1970N. Armstrong et al. First on Moon xiv. 363, I had a telephone call yesterday. The toll wasn't..as great as the one I made to you fellows..on the moon. 1978Sci. Amer. June 90/2 It may also provide paths between trunks, but this task is usually performed by special exchanges called toll exchanges.
i. fig. (Cf. tribute, similarly used.) Freq. in phr. to take its toll (esp. of death, loss, or injury).
c1375Sc. Leg. Saints xlii. (Agatha) 256 Þane bad he..brynnand cole Straw in þe floure..& nakyt þare-one hire rol, Til scho of ded had quyt þe tol.
1870J. C. Duval Adv. Big-Foot Wallace p. xv, Wallace joined Colonel Hays's regiment..and was with it at the storming of Monterey, where he says he took ‘full toll’ out of the Mexicans for killing his brother and cousin..in 1836. a1882Rossetti Ho. Life, Introd. Sonn., [Whether] In Charm's palm it pay the toll to Death. 1909Blackw. Mag. July 19/2 Nott's gallant division..paid its toll of killed and wounded. 1927W. E. Collinson Contemp. Eng. 34 The ‘toll of the road’ (often used by the Daily Mail in 1925– 6) has been so heavy that some of the local authorities have adopted the expedient of the white line. 1929Daily Express 7 Nov. 2/3 Miners' members were artists in presenting the toll of the mines in its most impressive form. 1959Listener 6 Aug. 222/1 A thoroughly well-intentioned programme aimed at reducing the toll on the roads. 1962E. Roosevelt Autobiogr. ii. xv. 123 The war had taken from France a heavy toll of her young men from 1914 to 1918. 1972N. Freeling Long Silence ii. 189 In fact it had been very hardbought, some of the winnings, taking fearful tolls of nerve, straining every atom of him. 1974F. Forsyth Dogs of War xiv. 264 He felt tired and flat; the strain of the past thirty days was taking its toll. 1974C. Ryan Bridge too Far iii. ii. 147 Forty-five patients were dead (the toll would increase to over eighty), and countless more were wounded. 1981Times 9 June 6/3 The death toll in the train disaster..could be more than 1,000. 1982S. Brett Murder Unprompted xii. 113 The obscurity of the play, and the..lack of star names—all the elements which pessimists had predicted would work against the show—were now beginning to take their toll.
3. attrib. and Comb.: toll-bar [bar n.1], a barrier (usually a gate) across a road or bridge, where toll is taken; in Scotland formerly often applied to the toll-collector's house; † toll-bell, a bell rung at the close of the collection of toll at a market; toll-bridge, a bridge at which toll is charged for passage; toll call: orig., † a telephone call which was not a local call and for which an individual charge was therefore made; in later (not British) use, a long-distance call, or a call between different telephone areas; toll-clerk, a clerk who keeps a record of tolls collected, e.g. at a market; toll-collector, (a) a person who collects toll, esp. the tolls at a turnpike, a market, etc.; (b) a device for indicating the number of persons passing a turnstile or gate and paying toll; (c) a device in the feeder of a mill for separating the toll of grain; toll-corn, corn retained by a miller as toll; † toll-cote, a toll-collector's cottage or shed; † toll-customer [customer n. 2], a toll- or tax-gatherer; toll-farmer, one who farms the tolls at a certain place; = farmer2 1; † toll-fat, ? a vessel for toll-corn (in quot. 1222 a measure of capacity); toll-gate, a gate across a road at which toll was payable, a turnpike-gate; † toll-hall, ? = toll-booth 2, guildhall, town hall; † toll-hoop [hoop n.1 5] = toll-dish; toll-keeper, the keeper of a toll-gate or toll-house; toll-lodge = toll-house 2; † toll-master, the master of a toll-office; † toll mere [mere n.2], the boundary within which a local toll is payable; toll-office, an office where toll is taken; toll penny, a penny paid or charged as toll; † toll-pin, (?) a cylindrical stick used as a strake for the toll-dish; toll plaza U.S., a row of toll booths on a toll road; † toll-reeve, an officer to whom tolls were payable; toll-road, a road maintained by tolls, a turnpike road (now chiefly U.S.); toll-room, a room or apartment where tolls are collected, as at a turnpike; † toll-shop = toll-house 2; † toll-stock (tolstok), ? = toll-pin; toll television, TV = pay television, -TV s.v. pay- 4; tollway U.S., a highway for the use of which a charge is made; toll-table, a table of the toll-dues at a turnpike; toll-taker, one who takes tolls; a toll-collector, toll-gatherer; so toll-taking n. and a. See also toll-book, -booth, -dish, etc.
1813Examiner 19 Apr. 243/1 The only light..was that shed by the *toll-bar lamp. 1825Jamieson, Toll-bar, a turnpike. [Toll-bar in Calr. Inq. P.M. V. 389, in a docmt. of 1315 is a misreading.] 1858Surtees Ask Mamma lxxvii, [He] trotted across the bridge,..and was speedily brought up at a toll-bar on the far side.
1736Drake Eboracum I. vi. 219 No corn to be carried out of this market till the toll be gathered, and that the *toll-bell be rung.
1790Luckombe Eng. Gaz. III, Sheperton.. has a *toll-bridge over the Thames to Walton.
1912Thiess & Joy Toll Telephone Pract. i. 3 Common usage among telephone men has led to the general classification of telephone service under four headings, as follows: local, suburban, toll and long distance... Any telephone call which is not local bears a special or toll charge and broadly may be termed a *toll call; hence it seems proper to use the term ‘toll’ to embrace all service of this class, whether it be suburban, toll, or long distance in the narrow sense. 1928E. Wallace Again Three Just Men x. 223 The telephone-bell rang. The voice of the porter informed him that a toll call had come through. 1965S. T. Ollivier Petticoat Farm vi. 88 This ring was a toll call and would be costing a fortune. 1977D. Anthony Stud Game vii. 45 Grant must have called the Bishop girl from here. She lives in Santa Monica, which makes it a toll call.
1878Braithwaite Life & Lett. W. Pennefather xi. 245 A young man who had been long employed as *toll-clerk. 1887Pall Mall G. 25 Jan. 6/2 The toll clerk of Billingsgate Market.
1822Act 3 Geo. IV, c. 126 §22 If the Owner or Driver of any Waggon..shall resist any Gate Keeper or *Toll Collector, in weighing the same,..[he] shall forfeit and pay..Five Pounds. 1877Knight Dict. Mech., Toll-collector. 1. A counter at a turnstile or gate to indicate the number of persons passing. 2. A device attached to the feed of a grain-mill to subtract the toll. 1903H. B. Swete in Expositor Aug. 196 The rich and well-hated chief of the Jericho toll-collectors.
12..Reading Cartul. (Harl. MS. 1708, lf. 107), Ego Willelmus babbe dedi..abbati et conuentui de Radinges vnam dimidiam summan bladi, scilicet de *tolcorn de molendino de Homstalle. 1701Cowell's Interpr., Tolcorn, Corn taken for Toll at grinding in a Mill.
c1460Play Sacram. 540 Inquyre to þe *Tolkote, for ther ys hys loggyng.
a1681Wharton Fasts & Fest. Wks. (1683) 28 Saint Matthew, who being..a Publican or *Toll-customer by Profession, became a Disciple, an Apostle, an Evangelist, and Martyr.
1553N. Grimalde Cicero's Offices i. (1558) 66 The gayne of *tolfarmers and misers. 1820W. Tooke tr. Lucian I. 469 Murderers, adulterers, toll-farmers,..and others of the same pack.
[1222in J. Thorpe Registrum Roffense (1769) 369, xvj *tolfata faciunt unum quarterium salis.] 1547in J. H. Glover Kingsthorpiana (1883) 93 That all thos persones that have quernes shall suffer noe body to grynde theirat above a Tolfatt, upon payn for every Tolfatt more then their owne..iiid.
1773Gentl. Mag. XLIII. 441/1 They..shall pass upon any turnpike road, through any *toll-gate or bar, for half-toll. 1774Johnson Journ. West. Isl. Wks. 1787 X. 17 It affords a southern stranger a new kind of pleasure to travel so commodiously without the interruption of toll-gates. 1884Pae Eustace 95 The toll-gate was closed, but he vaulted over it.
1395in Cart. Abb. Whitby (Surtees) II. 555 De *tolale de Hakeness v s. 1416–17Durham Acc. Rolls 285, viij s. x d. de profect. curiæ et tolhale villæ de Hett. 1577–87Holinshed Chron. II. 23/1 Skinners rew reaching from the pillorie to the tolehall, or to the high crosse.
c1270Customs Gt. Farringdon (MS. Barlow 49, lf. 22 b), De consuetudine mercati..pro carectata salis dabitur vnus discus salis, qui continere debet unum *tolhop, uel vnus denarius. 1701Cowell's Interpr., Tol⁓hop, a Toll-dish, or small Measure by which they take Toll for Corn sold in an overt Market.
1822Act 3 Geo. IV, c. 126 §22 margin, *Toll keepers permitting Waggons, &c. of greater Weight than allowed, to pass without Toll. Penalty 5 l. 1840Dickens Barn. Rudge iii, He..had cried a lusty ‘good-night’, to the toll-keeper.
1858Carlyle Fredk. Gt. iii. i. (1872) I. 139 [They] continued their feuds, *toll-levyings, plunderings, and other contumacies.
1818–19Leigh New Pict. Lond. 313 The four *toll-lodges are neat doric structures.
a1649Drummond of Hawthornden Hist. Jas. IV, Wks. (1711) 70 These projectors and new *toll⁓masters, the king giving way to enrich his exchequer, awakened them [old laws].
1500Nottingham Rec. III. 450 Every shipp sayling with merchandise within the *toll meres.
1841Pusey tr. Aquinas' Comm. Matt. I. 94 He found a man sitting at the *toll-office.
1520in W. H. Turner Select. Rec. Oxford (1880) 24 No person shall pay toll for his Catell..but only a *toll peny..if any catell be sold.
1623Fletcher & Rowley Maid in Mill iii. i, The Miller has a stout heart Tough as his *toal-pin.
1948Sun (Baltimore) 20 Nov. 14/2 All tolls for travel across the Chesapeake Bay Bridge will be paid at booths on the 1,000-foot *toll plaza on the Western Shore approach to the bridge. 1983N.Y. Times 16 July 26/6 Connecticut state police have been stopping northbound trucks at the Greenwich toll plaza on the Connecticut Turnpike.
1433Rolls of Parlt. IV. 477/2 *Tollereves, to resceyve the Toll and..Custumes. 1444Ibid. V. 124/1 Tolreves to resceyve and gedre the tolle, and such custumes as longeth to hem to take at the Yates of the seid Toun.
1825Jamieson, *Toll-road, a turnpike road. 1883Stevenson Silverado Sq. 70 A dry water-course entered the Toll Road.
1749in Feret Fulham (1900) I. 63 Paid for Whitewashing the offices and *Toll Room 5s.
1789Brand Hist. Newcastle I. 53 No houses, except *toll shops, were to be erected on the new bridge.
1316–17Chester Plea Roll 9 & 10 Edw. II. m. 35 None partis cuiusdam proficui prouenientis del *Tolstok.
1806Chron. in Ann. Reg. 405/1 The *toll-table, against the turn⁓pike house, at Whalley, in Yorkshire.
1555Act 2 & 3 Phil. & Mary, c. 7 §4 The open Place appointed for the *Toll-Taker. 1647Trapp Comm. Luke iii. 12 These [publicans] were toll-takers, custom-gatherers for the Romans. 1882Mozley Remin. I. iv. 30 A quaint little church..adjoining the toll-taker's shed.
1611Cotgr., Peagerie, *Toll-taking.
1956Britannica Bk. of Year 492/2 Pay T.V., *Toll T.V.,..these phrases having been coined in America during a discussion of the possibilities of providing additional television programmes to viewers willing to pay for them on a subscription basis. 1960News Chron. 13 Oct. 14/2 The pioneer Toll-TV service working in a suburb of Toronto. 1960Spectator 30 Dec. 1039 The principle of toll television is that the viewer should pay only for films..he wants to see.
1955Britannica Bk. of Year 490/1 Modern automobile transport continued to produce new words. Among these were *Tollway, a modern version of the old toll road. 1958Times 22 Nov. 7/6 To the other points of the compass the expressways—and even newer, faster, tollways—throw out rippling tentacles. 1969‘E. Lathen’ When in Greece vi. 61 The new tollway along the coast..was..the only high speed road in Greece. 1982S. Paretsky Indemnity Only xvi. 214, I headed back to the tollway and Chicago.
▪ II. toll, n.2|təʊl|
Also 7 tole, towle.
[f. toll v.2]
The act of tolling a bell, or the sound made by a bell when tolled; (with pl.) a single stroke made in tolling or ringing a bell, or the sound made by such stroke.
1452Cal. Anc. Rec. Dublin (1889) 276 The comone bell shuld toll iii. tollis iiii. tymes to warne the comones to harr semble. 1653H. Cogan tr. Pinto's Trav. lxi. (1663) 250 At the sound of a bell which gave three toles, the Bonzes prostrated themselves all with their faces to the ground. 1775S. J. Pratt Liberal Opin. civ. (1783) III. 253 The sermon-bell was upon the toll when I had not so much as penned a slip of paper. 1822Scott Nigel iv, I should lose my good name for ever within the toll of Paul's were I to grant quittance. 1871Rossetti John of Tours v, As it neared the midnight toll, John of Tours gave up his soul. 1875Encycl. Brit. III. 537/2 At the news of Nelson's triumph and death at Trafalgar, the bells of Chester rang a merry peal alternated with one deep toll.
b. A sound resembling the tolling of a bell, as the note of the S. American bell-bird or campanero.
1825Waterton Wand. S. Amer. ii. 118 No sound or song from any of the winged inhabitants of the forest..cause such astonishment, as the toll of the Campanero... You hear his toll, and then a pause for a minute, then another toll, and then a pause again, and then a toll, and again a pause.
▪ III. † toll, n.3 Falconry. Obs.
[app. f. toll v.1 to lure.]
? A lure. (Cf. quot. 1653 in toll v.1 1.)
1486Bk. St. Albans, Hawking d j, An hawke flieth to the vew, to the Beke, or to the Toll. Ibid. d j b, A Goshawke or a tercell that shall flee to the vew, to the toll or to the beke.
▪ IV. toll, n.4 Now dial. (Kent. to Hampsh.)
Also 7 tolle, 9 tole.
[Origin not ascertained.]
A clump of trees.
1644G. Plattes in Hartlib's Legacy (1655) 245 Feeding of Cattel in racks under a tolle of trees. 1892A. J. Butler tr. Marbot's Mem. I. ii. 13 My father stopped his carriage by the famous toll [orig. devant l'arbre remarquable] under which the Constable Montmorency was made prisoner by the troops of Louis XIII.
▪ V. toll, tole, v.1 Now dial. and U.S.|təʊl|
Forms: 3–7 tolle, (4 tulle), 4–6 tol, (6 toull, 6–7 toule, towle, 7 toul, toal), 5–7, 9 toll, tole.
[ME. tollen, tullen, implying OE. *tollian, *tullian:—*toll-, tullôjan; from same root tull- as till v.3:—OE. (for)tyllan:—*tulljan.
Ulterior history and phonology obscure. Relation to stem till-, in OFris. tilla, MLG., MFlem., LG., Du., WFris. tillen, ‘to raise, lift up, take up’, is phonetically difficult.]
1. trans. To attract, entice, allure, decoy; † to incite, instigate (obs.).
In literary use in England down to 1690; in 18–19th c. in midl. and south. dialects (see E.D.D.), and U.S. literary use.
c1220Bestiary 545 in O.E. Misc. 17 Ðis deuel..Tolleð men to him wið his onde. a1250Owl & Night. 1627 An swa mai mon tolli him to Lutle briddes & iuo. c1386Chaucer Reeve's T. 214 And we wil payen trewely atte fulle With empty hand men may none haukes tulle [Camb. MS. folle..tolle]: Loo heere our siluer redy for to spende. c1440Promp. Parv. 496/1 Tollyn, or mevyn, or steryn to doon..a dede, incito, provoco, excito. 1548Udall, etc. Erasm. Par. Mark iv. 33 Which allure and tolle men vnto them. 1570T. Wilson Demosth. Ded. 4 If by this meanes I could towle out some other to do this perfitely. 1593Tell-Troth's N.Y. Gift (1876) 18 To tole in customers. 1594Carew Tasso (1881) 117 She..with sweet sighes them on doth toule. 1601Holland Pliny (1634) I. 261 She..by little and little tilleth and tolleth them so neere, that she can easily sease vpon them. 1611Cotgr., Emmiellé..inticed, inueagled, allured, tolled, or drawne on by sweet meanes. 1653Milton Hirelings (1659) 132 By that lure or loubel [he] may be toald from parish to parish all the town over. 1692Locke Educ. §115 Whatever you observe him to be more frighted at..be sure to tole him on to by..Degrees. 1801Jefferson Writ. (1830) III. 467 To toll us back to the times when we burnt witches. 1828Craven Gloss., Toll-on, to entice, to draw on by degrees. 1879J. D. Long æneid i. 785 Now Dido, she Of Tyre, is toling him with tender words. 1879T. Hardy Wessex Tales (1889) 248 'Tis all done to tole us the wrong way. 1885Howells Silas Lapham (1891) I. 271 I'm not going to have 'em say we..tolled him on.
2. spec. U.S. To lure or decoy (wild animals) for the purpose of capture; esp. (a) to decoy (ducks) by means of a dog trained for the purpose (see toller2 2); (b) to attract (fish) by means of bait thrown into the water (see toll-bait, also tolling vbl. n.1 b, quot. 18..). Also absol. or intr.
1858Lewis in Youatt Dog iii. 90 In this simple branch of education, within the comprehension of any dog, consists the almost incredible art of toling the canvass-back. 1885C. F. Holder Marvels Anim. Life 131, I..procured a large rabbit and placed it some way up from the pond, to toll her [a snake] away from the water. 1885Blackw. Mag. July 108/1 Captain Kennedy's Indian attendant had toled: but neither stag paid any attention. 1901Ibid. Nov. 691/2 He [a fox] is ‘tolled’..by a noise made like two fighting crows.
b. intr. for pass. To admit of tolling.
1858Lewis in Youatt Dog iii. 90 The canvass-back toles better than any other duck. 1874J. W. Long Amer. Wild-fowl xxv. 251 The black-heads tole the most readily.
3. trans. To pull, drag, draw (physically). ? Obs.
a1400–50Alexander 3640 Þan preses in þe Persyns & of þe proud Medis..agayn all þe yndis, Tolls of þe tirantis.., Seȝes doun on aithire side a sowme out of nounbre. c1440York Myst. xlvi. 58 As a traytour atteynted þei toled hym and tugged hym [Jesus]. 1542Lam. & Piteous Treat. in Harl. Misc. (Malh.) I. 243 Thynkynge that..he woulde with strength of men, tolle forth his shippes..into the depth of the see. 1654Gayton Pleas. Notes i. vi. 20 Mr. Nicholas..toles downe the books with as little remorse, as a Carman does billets.
†b. toll out: (?) To stretch out to (a stated length) by being pulled. Obs. rare—1.
1377Langl. P. Pl. B. v. 214 And put hem in a presse and pyn[n]ed hem þerinne, Tyl ten ȝerdes or twelue hadde tolled out threttene.
c. intr. for pass. To pull (itself), move, drift.
18..Scott in Goode Amer. Fishes (1888) 89 The boat toles round from the tide toward the feeding-ground.
▪ VI. toll, v.2|təʊl|
Also 6 tolle, 6–7 towle, toul(e, 6–7 (9 dial.) towl, 7 toull, 7–8 tole.
[Found in this sense in 15th c.: nothing similar outside Eng. Prob. orig. a particular use of toll v.1 sense 3, ‘to pull’; the sense having passed from ‘pull the bell-rope’, to ‘pull the bell’, and so to ‘make the bell sound by pulling the rope’. The variant forms are exactly the same as in toll v.1; but no distinct evidence of the transfer of sense from ‘pull’ to ‘ring’ appears in the quots., although these are compatible with it.]
1. trans. To cause (a great bell) to sound by pulling the rope, esp. in order to give an alarm or signal; to ring (a great bell). arch. or rhet.
(Since to toll is said of the bell itself (sense 3) in 1452, the transitive sense must have been in use before that date.)
1494Fabyan Chron. (1811) 352 Sir Hughe le Spenser came..& desyred assystence of the fore named constables, the which commaunded the said belle to be tolled. 1568Grafton Chron. II. 284 Syr John went into the market place, and there tolled the common Bell, and then incontinent men and women assembled. 1573G. Harvey Letter-bk. (Camden) 48 He accusid me of..præsumption for that I tooke uppon me to bid the butler toul the bel. 1684Foxe's A. & M. III. 920/1 Let the Bell of the Church of S. German be touled. 1703Lond. Gaz. No. 3749/4 The Bells were tolled at Caneto, and the Allarm was given on all sides by firing of Guns. 1849James Woodman viii, You run to the porter and tell him to toll the great bell with all his might. a1873Deutsch Rem. (1874) 255 The bells were tolled in an irregular and funereal fashion.
†b. absol. or intr. To ring. Obs.
1513Bradshaw St. Werburge ii. 1592 The same glad tidyng shewed an honest woman Tollyng at the churche⁓dore the sayd day and hour.
2. spec. To cause (a large or deep-toned bell) to give forth a sound repeated at regular intervals by pulling the rope so that the bell swings through a short arc (in contrast to ringing it in full swing), or by striking it with a hammer or the like, or pulling the clapper; esp. for summoning a congregation to church, and
b. (now) on the occasion of a death (the passing-bell) or funeral. Also absol. or intr.
1552Bk. Com. Prayer Pref., The Curate..shall tolle a bell therto [i.e. to Morning and Evening Prayer] a conuenyente tyme before he begyn, that such as be desposed maye come..to praye wyth hym. 1600Weakest goeth to Wall G iij, Heere take the key and toll to Euening prayer. a1604Hanmer Chron. Irel. (1633) 103 [They] wayted for divine service, they rung the Bell, they tould, they waited long. 1617Minsheu Ductor, To toll a Bell, which is to make him strike onely of one side. c1618Moryson Itin. iv. v. i. (1903) 480 Some one [bell] (as that of Lincolne Minster) requiring the helpe of many men to toule it, and some dossen or twenty men to ringe it out. 1844Mrs. Browning Duchess May, Toll slowly. 1868Denison Clocks, Watches, & Bells (ed. 5) 364 A large bell may be tolled easily by one man, if it is properly hung... I should hang a very large bell for tolling only, on wedge shaped gudgeons, so as to move with very little friction, and put a stop to prevent it from being pulled too far.
b.1526,c1600[see passing-bell]. 1635T. Cranley Amanda 88 My tongue doth faile, goe toule the passing bell. 1782Cowper Loss of Royal George i, Toll for the brave! The brave that are no more! 1790― Mother's Picture 28, I heard the bell toll'd on thy burial day, I saw the hearse, that bore thee slow away. 1832Tennyson Death Old Year 3 Toll ye the church-bell sad and slow..For the old year lies a-dying. 1901H. E. Bulwer Gloss. Techn. Terms Ch. Bells 37 Tolling, causing a bell—generally the ‘Tenor’, or one of the heavier bells—to sound a number of times in slow succession, sometimes with marked intervals between every two or three ‘blows’, to announce a death or funeral. 1905Harmsworth Encycl. 660/1 The passing bell was tolled when any one was passing out of life. This custom still survives in many parts of Britain, but the bell is now tolled after the death.
3. Said of a bell (also of the ringer): To sound (esp. a knell, etc.) by ringing as in sense 2; also of a clock, to strike (the hour) in a deep tone with slow measured strokes. Cf. knoll v.
1452Cal. Anc. Rec. Dublin (1889) 276 The comone bell shuld toll iii. tollis iiii. tymes. 1651T. Barker Art of Angling (1653) 1 This man may come home..and cause the clerk to tole his knell. 1682Dryden Dk. Guise iv. ii, Some crowd the Spires, but most the hallow'd Bells, And softly Toll for Souls departing Knells, Each Chime thou hear'st, a future death foretells. 1750Gray Elegy 1 The Curfew tolls the knell of parting day. 1771Beattie Minstrel i. xxxix, Slow tolls the village-clock the drowsy hour. 1805Scott Last Minstr. vi. xxxi, And bells toll'd out their mighty peal, For the departed spirit's weal. 1818― Br. Lamm. xxii[i], She died just as the clock in the distant village tolled one. 1861D. Cook P. Foster's D. i, The clock of St. Paul's Covent Garden has just tolled out the hour of two.
4. intr. Of a bell: To give forth sounds of this character by being tolled; also quasi-impers. (quot. c 1729). Also said of a clock striking the hour on a deep-toned bell; in quot. 1826 of the hour.
1551Hooper Injunctions xxiii. Wks. (Parker Soc.) II. 137 In case..any of their friends will demand to have the bell toll whiles the sick is in extremes. 1592Kyd Sp. Trag. iii. xii, The Windes blowing, the Belles towling, the Owle shriking,..and the Clocke striking twelue. 1599Shakes. Hen. V, iv. Prol. 15 The Countrey Cocks doe crow, the Clocks doe towle. 1653H. Cogan tr. Pinto's Trav. lxi. 257 Then the same bell having tolled three times more, the two Priests descended. 1678Bunyan Pilgr. i. 189 If I heard the Bell Toull for some that were dead. c1729in Cath. Rec. Soc. Publ. VIII. 88 After compline the same day it toled to Chapter. 1745R. Leveson Gower in Jesse Selwyn & Contemp. (1843) I. 76 The bells toll for prayers. 1816J. Wilson City of Plague ii. ii. 289 By day and night the death-bell tolls, And says, ‘Prepare to die’. 1826Scott Woodst. xxxiii, Midnight at length tolled. 1858Hawthorne Fr. & It. Note-bks. I. 231 The great bell of St. Peter's tolled with a deep boom.
b. intr. transf. and fig. To make a sound like the tolling of a bell; to give forth a deep-toned or monotonously repeated note; spec. (Sc.) said of bees before swarming (see tolling vbl. n.2 b).
1747[see tolling vbl. n.2 b]. 1839Bailey Festus xviii. (1852) 265 A thought comes tolling o'er the darkened soul Which we dare hardly guest. a1849J. C. Mangan Poems (1859) 122 Sullen tolls the far-off river's flow. 1857Borrow Romany Rye ix. (1858) I. 110 Oh, that's the cuckoo tolling. 1912M. Hewlett in Eng. Rev. Apr. 5 Then in clear sky the thunder tolled Sudden.
5. trans. To announce (a death, etc.) by tolling; to toll for (a dying or dead person).
1597Shakes. 2 Hen. IV, i. i. 103 (Qo.) His tongue Sounds euer after as a sullen bell, Remembred tolling [Folios knolling] a departing friend. 1602Marston Ant. & Mel. iv. Wks. 1856 I. 48 Groning like a bell, That towles departing soules. 1850Tennyson In Mem. lvii. 10 One set slow bell will seem to toll The passing of the sweetest soul That ever look'd with human eyes. 1858O. W. Holmes Aut. Breakf.-t. xii. (1883) 248 My room-mate thought..it was the bell tolling deaths, and people's ages, as they do in the country.
6. To summon or dismiss by tolling. Const. in, out, etc.
1611Speed Hist. Gt. Brit. ix. xxii. §21 To ring the Masse into England, and to towle Cardinall Poole from Rome. 1683Dryden Vind. Dk. Guise 17 For Conscience or Heavens fear, religious Rules Are all State-bells to toll in pious Fools. 1697― Virg. Georg. iv. 277 When hollow Murmurs of their Ev'ning Bells, Dismiss the sleepy Swains, and toll 'em to their Cells. 1819Keats Ode Nightingale viii, Forlorn! the very word is like a bell To toll me back from thee to my sole self. 1841Thackeray Gt. Hoggarty Diam. iv, As she spoke, the bells were just tolling the people out of church.
b. absol. or intr. toll in: to summon a congregation to church by tolling (said of a person, or of the bell); esp. in reference to the change from ordinary ringing or chiming a few minutes before the commencement of worship.
1710J. B. Let. to Sacheverell 13 The Bells were Tolling in. 1712Steele Spect. No. 372 ⁋1, I was tolling in to Prayers at Eleven in the Morning. 1860J. W. Warter Sea-board II. 455, I had no time to lose, as the bell was tolling in.
▪ VII. toll, v.3 Now rare.|təʊl|
[f. toll n.1]
1. intr. To take or collect toll; to exact or levy toll.
a1350[see tolling vbl. n.3]. c1386Chaucer Prol. 562 Wel koude he stelen corn, and tollen thries And yet he hadde a thombe of gold pardee. c1440Promp. Parv. 496/1 Tollyn, or make tolle.., multo. 1530Palsgr. 759/1, I tolle, I take the tolle, as a baylyfe dothe in a fayre or market... I tolle, as a myller doth, je prens le tollyu. 1576Gascoigne Steele Gl. (Arb.) 79 When millers toll not with a golden thumbe. 1595Shakes. John iii. i. 154 No Italian priest Shall tythe or toll in our dominions. a1658Cleveland Sing-Song xxx, He toll'd for the rest of the Grist. 1886[see tolling vbl. n.3].
2. a. trans. To take toll of (something); to exact a part of by way of toll.
1399Langl. Rich. Redeles iii. 81 And tymed no twynte, but tolled her cornes, And gaderid þe grotus with gyle, as I trowe. 1546[see tolling vbl. n.3]. 1591Troub. Raigne K. John (1611) 62 Till I had tithde and tolde their holy hoords. 1686W. Hedges Diary (Hakl. Soc.) I. 230 Here we were mett by y⊇ Customer of Diarbekeer, who tolled our loads, and tooke y⊇ custom & dutys of all the 3 places. 1794M. Wollstonecraft Hist. View Fr. Rev. I. 76 The poor husbandman,..afterwards forced to carry the scanty crop to be tolled at the mill of monseigneur. 1894Westm. Gaz. 26 May 5/2 The company-promoting system, whereby the City sharper tolls the savings of the credulous investor.
b. To charge (a person, etc.) with a toll, impose a toll upon, exact a toll from.
1583B. Melbancke Philotimus Dd ij b, Aegeon..doeth scoure the Seas, and toules the trafficke of trading merchauntes. 1592tr. Junius on Rev. xiii. 1 What time the Empire of Rome..was mightily tolled, hauing euer and an one new heads. 1897Daily News 2 Nov. 6/3 You have only to cross the bridge and you are sure to be tolled. 1912M. Hewlett in Eng. Rev. Apr. 10 All [must] be tolled By Charon in his dark-prowed boat.
c. To take or gather (something) as toll.
1597Shakes. 2 Hen. IV, iv. v. 75 (Qo.) Like the bee toling from euery flower [Folios culling from euery flower] The vertuous Sweetes. 1820W. Irving Sketch Bk. I. 189 Writers, like bees, toll their sweets in the wide world.
d. To charge a toll for the use of (a bridge, crossing, etc.). Chiefly as ppl. a.
1978Financial Times 24 Oct. 11/3 The tolled Humber bridge. 1978in H. Wilson Final Term (1979) 247 Concessions to ‘Orange Badge’ holders at most tolled crossings.
†3.
a. intr. To pay toll; to toll for (spec.), to enter (a horse, etc.) for sale in the toll-book of a market.
1393Langl. P. Pl. C. xiv. 51 For þe lawe askeþ Marchauns for here merchaundise in meny place to tollen. 1530Palsgr. 759/1, I tolle..as they that come to the myll, je paye le tollyu. You shal tolle, or you go, or I wyll tolle for you. 1537Boorde Let. in Introd. Knowl. (1870) Fore⁓words 62 They þat bowght þem dyd neuer toll for them. 1596Bacon Use Com. Law (1636) 63 If hee bee a horse hee must bee ridden two houres in the market or faire, between ten and five a clock, and tolled for in the toll-book. 1601Shakes. All's Well v. iii. 149, I will buy me a sonne in Law in a faire, and toule for this. Ile none of him. 1664Butler Hud. ii. i. 698 Where, when, by whom, and what y'were sold for, And in the open Market toll'd for?
b. trans. (in same sense).
1697Lond. Gaz. No. 3310/4 The Person who exposed him to Sale being required to Toll him withdrew himself, by which it was conjectured he was stole.
▪ VIII. toll, v.4 Law.|təʊl|
[a. AF. toller, toler, touller, ad. L. toll-ĕre to take away.]
trans. To take away, bar, defeat, annul. to toll an entry, to take away the right of, or bar entry.
[1292Britton i. vi. §2 Ensint qe peyne ne lour toulle nule resoun. Ibid. xxvi. §1 Cum il avera tolet ai pieyntif. Et si..ele avera tolu a homme ses membres.] 1467–8Rolls of Parlt. V. 631/1 That the esson and..other delay of eny persone..by this acte be not prejudiced nor tolled in any wise. 1495Act 11 Hen. VII, c. 63 §4 Wherof their entres..shall be tolled and taken away by the Course of the Lawe. 1544tr. Littleton's Tenures (1574) 86 b, Suche discente shall not tol the entre of the childe, but he may enter vpon the issue that is in by discent. 1642J. M[arsh] Argt. conc. Militia 18 The King may dissolve a Parliament and so totally toll their power. 1726Ayliffe Parergon 74 It..tolls the Presumption in Favour of a Sentence. 1818Hallam Mid. Ages (1878) III. 166 note, In what case this right of entry was taken away, or tolled, as it was expressed, by the death or alienation of the disseisor. |