| 释义 |
ˈfield-ˈwork
[f. field n. + work.]
1. Work done in the field or in the fields; spec. in Surveying.
1767R. Gibson Treat. Surveying (ed. 2) 173 If the End of the last Station falls exactly in the Point you begin at, the Field-Work and Protraction are truly taken. 1777Robertson Hist. Amer. (1783) III. 277 In Peru..negroes..are employed in field-work. 1844Marg. Fuller Wom. 19th C. (1862) 35 Those who think it impossible for negresses to endure field-work. 1851J. S. Macaulay Field Fortif. 245 The beginner in field-sketching..should commence his field-work in a road. 1856Kane Arct. Expl. I. x. 109 Mr. Kennedy..used October and November for Arctic field-work. 1891N. Crane Baseball vi. 43 There is no department of the game so full of life..as field work. 1901Daily Colonist (Victoria, B.C.) 16 Oct. 5/3 Mr. Carry, who conducted the survey from the summit westward, returned from the Mainland on Monday night, having completed the field work. 1956P. Kissam Surveying Instrum. & Methods (ed. 2) xi. 192 The procedure (the location survey) is planned to require a minimum of field work.
2. Mil. A temporary work or fortification thrown up by troops operating in the field.
1819Rees Cycl., Field-works are..for the most part, formed by the excavation of the soil. 1851J. S. Macaulay Field Fortif. 169 The manner of attacking field-works is very different from that employed in the attack of fortresses.
3. A comprehensive name to describe the practical side of research in archæology, linguistics, the social sciences, etc., carried out in the areas concerned, as distinguished from theoretical or laboratory investigation. Cf. field n. 15 c.
1922B. Malinowski Argonauts West. Pacific 4 This exactly describes my first initiation into field work on the south coast of New Guinea. 1930Economist 24 May 1159/2 He not only played his part in shaping the organisation, but he also did what might be termed important field work for it. 1933Leavis & Thompson Culture & Environment 18 As ‘field-work’, pupils might..note the effects of advertising on themselves and their friends. 1936J. C. Brown (title) Field work with public welfare agencies. 1937Oxoniensia II. 75 The field-work and excavation undertaken in 1935 and 1936 have proved beyond a doubt that this north Oxfordshire Dyke, so far from being a continuous circumvallation, was made up of numerous unconnected sectors. 1940Mind XLIX. 64 He does not sit all day in his arm-chair, he spends at least part of his time in observational field-work. 1959Listener 14 May 868/2 Rehabilitation, Boarding Out, Adoption, Supervision, and other Field work associated with deprived children. 1962Amer. Speech XXXVII. 164 The Banks were not included in the Linguistic Atlas field work. 1971Observer 1 Aug. 26/8 In the 1930s Jacques Soustelle did some very fine anthropological and archaeological field-work in Mexico. |