| 释义 |
▪ I. feudal, a.1 and n.|ˈfjuːdəl|
Forms: 7 feudall, 7–9 feodal, (8 Sc. fewdal), 7– feudal.
[ad. med.L. feudālis, feodālis, f. feud-um, feod-um, feud n.2 Cf. F. féodal.]
A. adj.
1. Of or pertaining to a feud or fief; of the nature of a feud or fief.
1614Selden Titles Hon. 188 Neither did the Prouinces make them otherwise then Personal. For they were not annext to them as Feudall. a1677Hale Com. Law Eng. ix. 183 Wales, that was not always the Feudal Territory of..England. 1710J. Dundas View Feudal Law xii. 47 The Money got for a Few is moveable..not Fewdal, for it does not succeed in place of the Few. 1861Kemp Comm. (1873) III. liii. 497 The conversion of allodial into feudal estates.
b. Her. (See quot.)
1847Gloss. Heraldry, Arms of Succession, otherwise called feudal arms, are those borne by the possessors of certain lordships or estates.
2. Of or pertaining to the holding of land in feud.
1639Spelman Feuds & Tenures xxiii. 38 There was no..intervenient Lord to claim them by any feodal Tenure. 1767Blackstone Comm. II. 39 In all countries where the feodal polity has prevailed. 1781Gibbon Decl. & F. II. 48 The first rudiments of the feudal tenures. 1873H. Spencer Stud. Sociol. v. 103 The feudal arrangement of attachment to the soil.
b. feudal system: the system of polity which prevailed in Europe during the Middle Ages, and which was based on the relation of superior and vassal arising out of the holding of lands in feud.
1776Adam Smith W.N. (1869) I. i. xi. 251 Poland, where the feudal system still continues to take place. 1875Kingsley Herew. ix, The feudal system never took root in their soil.
3. Of or pertaining to the feudal system; existing or such as existed under that system. feudal lawyer: one learned in feudal law. feudal writers: those who treat of the feudal system.
1665Surv. Aff. Netherl. 32 By the Feodall (printed Feodau) Law that King, their Lord, had forfeited his Right to his Fee. 1765Blackstone Comm. i. 241 According to the known distribution of the feodal writers. 1807Crabbe Par. Reg. ii. 206 Like them, in feudal days their valiant lords. 1816Scott Old Mort. ii, Those feudal institutions which united the vassal to the liege lord, and both to the Crown. 1840T. A. Trollope Summ. in Brittany II. 106 The ruins of two ancient feodal castles. 1886Stubbs Med. & Mod. Hist. 64 It is time..that we had a feudal map of England.
b. feudal vassal, feudal lord, etc.: one holding that position in the sense implied in the feudal system.
1639Spelman Feuds & Tenures ii. 4 Their Feudal Vassals..enjoyed their Feuds..from year to year at the pleasure of their Lords. 1839W. Chambers Tour Holland 65/1 Otho, the feudal proprietor of this stronghold. 1856Froude Hist. Eng. (1858) I. i. 18 That loyalty with which the people followed the standard..of their feudal superiors.
c. Occasionally of persons or their opinions: Adhering to the principles of the feudal system.
1876Freeman Norm. Conq. V. xxiv. 463 Lawyers..would naturally look at everything with feudal eyes. 1883Ouida Wanda I. 89 We are very feudal still.
†B. n. pl. Feudal privileges. Obs. rare.
1625F. Markham Bk. Hon. ii. iv. §5 All sorts..shall enjoy their Feodalls and Rights, to which they are truely borne.
Hence ˈfeudally adv., in a feudal manner or spirit; under feudal conditions.
1839Hallam Hist. Lit. ii. ii. §44 The Pope..cannot depose these princes..unless they are feudally his vassals. 1850Mazzini Royalty & Repub. 158 Abjectly..trembling before the people when it arose..yet feudally insolent when the lion was quieted again. 1873R. Broughton Nancy II. 184 A very aged, ignorant, and feudally loyal couple.
▪ II. feudal, a.2 rare.|ˈfjuːdəl|
[f. feud n.1 + -al1.]
Of or pertaining to a (deadly) feud.
1805Scott Last Minstr. i. viii, The havoc of the feudal war. Ibid. iii. iv, The foemen's feudal hate. |