| 释义 |
affiliation|əfɪlɪˈeɪʃən|
[a. mod.Fr. affiliation (Cotgr.), ad. med.L. affīliātiōn-em n. of action f. affīliāre: see affiliate1.]
1. ‘Adoption; the act of taking a son.’ Chambers. The establishment of sonship.
1751Chambers Cycl. s.v., Among the antient Gauls, Affiliation was a sort of adoption only practised among the great. 1867J. Martineau Chr. Life (ed. 4) 117 Let there be a conscious affiliation with God.
2. a. Adoption, by a society, of subordinate branches; union of branches to a supreme or central organization.
1799S. Turner Hist. A.-Sax. (1828) II. vi. 258 The hoary advocates of a new system..whose Affiliation and credit multiplied their power. 1868M. Pattison Academ. Organ. §5. 195 The numerous art-schools scattered over the country in affiliation to the establishment at South Kensington.
b. An affiliated part of an organization. Also concr., a particular establishment (e.g. a hotel) that is an affiliated part of an organization (U.S.).
1818Ann. Reg. 1817 22 Busily..at work, establishing branches and affiliations. 1922Daily Mail 14 Nov. 4 (Advt.), The London Joint City and Midland Bank or its affiliations, the Belfast Banking Company, Ireland, and the Clydesdale Bank, Scotland. 1977Washington Post 18 Apr. d12 The franchise program brought the prestigious Blackstone Hotel in Chicago into the chain last winter and more in-city affiliations are planned. 1979Tucson Mag. June 16/2 In the early 1960's, Kerr found employment in two Maricopa County hotel restaurants..both five-star affiliations.
c. Association, connection, esp. in politics. U.S.
1852Congress. Globe 15 Mar., App. 323/3 Certain merchants with whom he has affiliations in New Mexico. 1862Ibid. Jan. 589/2, I am here almost without any affiliation in political sentiment. 1893Congress. Rec. Feb. 2301/1 The black man..is being educated, and can see where his political affiliation can best be allied. 1904Roosevelt in N.Y. Times 23 Mar. 2, I have not the slightest idea what your political affiliations are.
d. Relationship, esp. as perceived within a group of similar things thought to have derived from a common source; = affinity 3. Chiefly Philol.
1936S. Robertson Devel. Mod. Eng. 20 Old Armenian..is thought to have affiliations with the ancient Phrygian. Ibid. 36 The closest affiliations of English..are..with the Low German languages. 1962E. J. Dobson in Davis & Wrenn Eng. & Medieval Stud. 128 (title) The affiliations of the manuscripts of Ancrene Wisse. 1977C. F. & F. M. Voegelin Classification & Index World's Lang. 171 Affiliation. Wider relationships of Indo-European have been most commonly claimed to be with Semitic or Egyptian in Afroasiatic.
3. The fixing of the paternity of a child. Also fig. The fathering of a thing upon any one; and, the assignment of anything to its origin.
1830Hor. Smith Tin Trum. (1870) 15 Man has been termed the child of affliction, an affiliation of which the writer does not recognise the truth. 1836W. Robinson Justice of Peace ii. vi. 541 The original order of affiliation was not actually destroyed, but only suspended during the lives of the husband and mother. 1859Edin. Rev. No. 293. 50 The question of the originality of Greek art or of its affiliation on Egypt.
4. Comb., as affiliation order (see quot. 1914).
[1836: see sense 3.] 1880Justice of Peace 24 Jan. 64/3, I was concerned for the respondents in an appeal from an *affiliation order. 1909Rep. Sel. Comm. Bastardy Orders 67 in Parl. Papers VI. 717 Special provision is required for enforcing arrears due under an Affiliation Order. 1914Act 4 & 5 Geo. V c. 6 § 7 In this Act..the expression ‘affiliation order’ means an order made under the Bastardy Laws Amendment Act, 1872..adjudging a man to be the putative father of a bastard child and ordering him to pay a sum of money weekly or otherwise to the mother of the bastard child or to any other person who is named in the order. 1984Financial Times 17 Feb. 19 What of maintenance and affiliation orders, made in favour of the child for no reason other than tax avoidance? |