| 释义 |
▪ I. feast, n.|fiːst|
Forms: 3–6 fest(e, 4–6 feaste, feest(e, (6 Sc. feist), 9 dial. veast, 6– feast.
[a. OF. feste (Fr. fête) = Pr., Pg., It. festa, Sp. fiesta:—Com. Rom. festa fem. sing., a. L. festa festal ceremonies, neut. pl. of festus adj. festal; but the Lat. word equivalent to feast was festum, the neut. sing. of this adj.
The L. festus is prob. a ppl. formation containing the same root as fēria (:—older *fēsia): see fair n.]
1. A religious anniversary appointed to be observed with rejoicing (hence opposed to a fast), in commemoration of some event or in honour of some personage. the feast, in the N.T. esp. the Passover.
movable feasts: those (viz. Easter and the feasts depending on it) of which the date varies from year to year; opposed to immovable feasts, such as Christmas, the Saints' Days, etc.
a1225Ancr. R. 22 Ȝif hit beo holiniht vor þe feste of nie lescuns þet kumeð amorwen. c1275Passion 85 in O.E. Misc. 39 As hit neyhlechet to heore muchele feste. 1297R. Glouc. (1724) 441 Hys Ester feste. c1340Cursor M. 10428 (Trin.) Men shulde..fair cloþing on hem..take for her heȝe feestes sake. c1380Wyclif Serm. Sel. Wks. II. 238 Þei holden wel þis feeste. 1411Rolls of Parlt. III. 650/1 The Saterday neghst after the fest of Seint Michael. c1470Henry Wallace xi. 352 He said, it was bot till a kyrkyn fest. 1526Tindale Luke xxii. 1 The feaste of swete breed drue nye whiche is called ester. a1550Christis Kirke Gr. vi, For honor of the feist. 1570–6Lambarde Peramb. Kent (1826) 124 As the Romanes did their feast of Fugalia, or chasing out of the Kings. 1611Bible Ex. xii. 14 You shall keepe it a feast by an ordinance for euer. 1740Gray Lett. Wks. 1884 II. 85 Corpus Christi Day, the greatest feast in the year. 1796H. Hunter St. Pierre's Stud. Nat. (1799) III. 308 It is the feast of Jupiter. 1825Fosbroke Encycl. Antiq. (1843) II. 651/2 A principal feast was made..in commemoration of the return of warmth and the sun. 1885Catholic Dict., Feasts of the Church, Days on which the Church joyfully commemorates particular mysteries of the Christian religion or the glory of her saints.
b. double feast (L. festum duplex): the designation given to the most important class of feasts in the Roman Catholic church; for the (disputed) origin of the name see Cathol. Dict. s.v. Feast.
a1225Ancr. R. 70 Euerich urideie..holdeð silence bute ȝif hit beo duble feste. c1500Arnold Chron. (1811) 68 On sondayes and other solempne and double festys.
c. A village festival held annually, originally on the feast of the saint to whom the parish church is dedicated (cf. Fr. fête de village), but now usually on a particular Sunday of the year, and the one or two days following. In some places called wakes or revels.
In England the village ‘feast,’ where it continues to be observed, is the great annual occasion (second to or rivalling Christmas) for family gatherings and the entertainment of visitors from a distance.
1559Mirr. Mag., Worcester xvii, Whan I should have gone to Blockam feast. 1821Clare Vill. Minstr. I. 33 Statute and feast his village yearly knew. 1857Hughes Tom Brown i. ii, The great times for back-swording came round..at the feast. Ibid., The Vale ‘veasts’ were not the common statute feasts. 1864W. Barnes in Macm. Mag. Oct. 476 At the feäst, at the cool evenentide, I walk'd on wi' you.
†2. A gathering for pleasure or sports; a fête.
1485Caxton Paris & V. (1868) 13 The kyng..made his maundement that they al shold come wyth theyr armes and hors for to Iouste..and they that shold do best in armes..they shold haue the prys and the worshyp of the feste. c1489― Sonnes of Aymon vii. 175 They sholde kepe well the feest, that noo noyse nor noo stryffe were there made.
3. A sumptuous meal or entertainment, given to a number of guests; a banquet, esp. of a more or less public nature. Also a series of such entertainments. to make a feast: to give a banquet. † to hold a feast: to give or join in a banquet.
c1200Trin. Coll. Hom. 11 Untimeliche eten alehuse and at ferme and at feste. c1275Lay. 14425 Þe king makede feste [1205 ueorme]. a1300Floriz & Bl. 78 Anon me him tiþinge tolde Þat þe admiral wolde feste h[olde]. c1350Will. Palerne 5074 Þe fest of þat mariage a moneþ fulle lasted. c1386Chaucer Clerk's T. 954 Ful besy was Grisilde in every thing, That to the feste was appertinent. 1389in Eng. Gilds (1870) 4 Þe brethren and sustren..shul..hold togeder..a fest. c1400Destr. Troy 205 He cast hym full cointly be cause of this thyng, In a Cite be-syde to somyn a fest. a1400–50Alexander 480 Þis dere kynge..Had parreld him a proude feste of princes & dukis. 1523Ld. Berners Froiss. I. lxxxi. 103 The nexte day she made them a great feest at dyner. 1607Shakes. Timon iii. vi. 75 Make not a Citie Feast of it, to let the meat coole, ere we can agree vpon the first place. 1678Lady Chaworth in Hist. MSS. Comm. 12th Rep. App. v. 53 The Duke of Yorke comes to towne to the Artillery feast to-day. 1682Bunyan Holy War (1785) 165 Mr. Carnal Security did again make a feast for the town of Mansoul. 1779–81Johnson L.P., Savage Wks. III. 344 Savage..was..distinguished at their public feasts. 1814Byron Corsair ii. i, Seyd, the Pacha, makes a feast to-night.
†b. Hence rarely: The company at a feast.
a1400–50Alexander 492 All þe fest was a-ferd & oþ ire folke bathe.
4. An unusually abundant and delicious meal; something delicious to feed upon; fig. an exquisite gratification, a rich treat. to make a feast: to enjoy a good meal, eat luxuriously (of, upon).
1393Gower Conf. III. 30 Eke min ere hath over this A deinty feste. c1440York Myst. xv. 44 Say felowes, what! fynde yhe any feest Me falles for to haue parte, parde! 1526Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 290 b, They attayne to greater feestes, and more..haboundaunt ioye of the spiryte. 1562J. Heywood Prov. & Epigr. (1867) 85 Folke saie, enough is as good as a feast. 1645Quarles Sol. Recant. viii. 43 This makes thy morsell a perpetuall Feast. 1719De Foe Crusoe (1840) I. xv. 266 And make a feast upon me. 1739Gray Lett. Wks. 1884 II. 48 Two eunuchs' voices, that were a perfect feast to ears that had heard nothing but French operas for a year. a1744Pope Imit. Hor. Epist. i. vii. 25 Pray take them, Sir—Enough's a Feast. 1822Shelley Hellas 1025 The death-birds descend to their feast. 1823Lamb Elia Ser. i. Distant Corr., The moment you received the intelligence my full feast of fun would be over. 1851Hawthorne Ho. Sev. Gables xix. (1883) 338 He would make a feast of the portly grunter. 1865M. Arnold Ess. Crit. vi. (1875) 247 How little of a feast for the senses. 1870Dickens E. Drood iii, We had a feast.
†5. Rejoicing, festivity. Obs.
c1300St. Brandan 75 We seide hem that we hadde i-beo in alle joy and feste, Bifore the ȝates of Paradys. c1315Shoreham (Percy Soc.) 148 Ac nys no blysse ne no feste [printed seste] Aȝeyns the joye of conqueste Thet hys thorȝ god. 1644Milton Educ., Living out their days in feast and jollity. 1667― P.L. vi. 167 Ministring Spirits, traind up in Feast and Song.
6. to make feast (= Fr. faire fête):
a. To make merry, rejoice; in later use with narrower sense, to enjoy a delicious repast, to feast. arch.
a1225Ancr. R. 222 He..bringeð hire on to..a last makien feste. c1300Seyn Julian 33 To gadere hi made gret feste. 1375Barbour Bruce xix. 730 The scottis folk..maid fest and far, And blew hornys and fyres maid. 1483Caxton Gold. Leg. 188/1 As sone as thy salutacyon entrid in to myn eerys the chylde..made joye and feste. a1533Ld. Berners Huon vii. 16 My hert is not very joyfull to synge nor to make fest. 1870Morris Earthly Par., Cupid & Psyche (1890) 107/1 Come, sister, sit, and let us make good feast! 1881Tennyson Cup ii. Poems (1889) 762/2, I would that every man made feast to-day Beneath the shadow of our pines!
†b. To show honour or respect to, make much of (a person). Cf. Fr. faire fête à. Also absol. To pay one's court. Obs.
1340Ayenb. 156 Þe lhord..him froteþ and makeþ him greate feste. c1369Chaucer Dethe Blaunche 638 With his hede he maketh feste. c1400Rom. Rose 5064 She..laugheth on hym, and makith hym feeste. c1450Merlin 88 He..merveiled why the kynge made hym soche grete feeste. a1533Ld. Berners Huon lvi. 189 His doughter came to hym to make him feest.
7. attrib. and Comb.
a. simple attrib., as feast-cake, feast-companion, feast-guest, feast-house, feast-night, feast-rite, feast-robe; feast-famous adj.b. objective, as feast-goer; feast-finding adj.
1857Hughes Tom Brown i. ii, Every household..managed to raise a ‘*feast-cake’.
a1610Healey Theophrastus (1636) 40 His *feast-companions.
1591Sylvester Du Bartas i. v. 143 Dainty Salmons, Chevins thunder-scar'd, *Feast-famous Sturgeons.
1593Shakes. Lucr. 817 *Feast-finding minstrels.
1552Huloet, *Feast-gestes which be inuited to the banquet or feast.
1857Hughes Tom Brown i. ii, The frighted scurrying away of the female *feast-goers.
1483Cath. Angl. 128/2 A *Fest house, conuiuarium. 1539Cranmer in Strype Life ii. (1694) 246 Every alehouse and tavern, every feasthouse.
1820Keats St. Agnes xx, This *feast-night.
1725Pope Odyss. x. 404 Shall I be led To share thy *feast-rites.
1594Hooker Eccl. Pol. iii. (1617) 94 Keeping on his *feast-robe onely.
8. Special comb.: † feast-bed, a couch for reclining at meals, a triclinium; feast-day, a day on which a feast (senses 1–3) is held; feast-maker, the giver of a feast; feast-master, one who presides at a feast; feast-won a., won by a feast.
a1661B. Holyday Juvenal 268 Lazing on their *feast-beds.
a1300Cursor M. 13131 (Cott.) Saint Ion al-wais in prisun lai, Til it com on a *fest dai. 1382Wyclif 1 Macc. i. 41 The feestdays therof ben turned in to mournyng. c1400Mandeville (Roxb.) viii. 30 Þai drink na wyne comounly, bot on hegh feste days. 1611Bible Amos v. 21, I despise your feast dayes. a1746Holdsworth On Virgil (1768) 138 On the feast-day of Castor and Pollux. 1870Dickens E. Drood xiii, It would never do to spoil his feast-days.
1551Robinson tr. More's Utop. Epist. (Arb.) 26 Geuyng no thankes to the *feaste maker. a1661B. Holyday Juvenal 50 It [the word trechedipna] is sometimes taken for the feast⁓maker.
1610Healey St. Aug. Citie of God 521 Doth not the Bridegroome turne all the *feast-maisters..out of his chamber. 1870Morris Earthly Par. III. iv. 188 Then needs must the feast masters strive Too pensive thoughts away to drive. 1607Shakes. Timon ii. ii. 180 *Feast won, fast lost.
▪ II. feast, v.|fiːst|
Forms: 3–5 fest(e(n, -in, -yn, 4 feaste, 5 feest, 6 feasten, 6– feast.
[ME. festen, ad. OF. fester (Fr. fêter), f. feste feast n.]
1. intr. To make or partake of a feast, fare sumptuously, regale oneself. Also with on, upon, and to feast it.
c1300K. Alis. 1578 Teller of jeste is ofte myslike Ribaud festeth also with tripe. c1385Chaucer L.G.W. 2157 Ariadne, There festen they, there dauncen they and synge. 1483Cath. Angl. 128/2 To Feste. 1590Shakes. Com. Err. iv. iv. 65 Did this Companion..Reuell and feast it at my house to-day[?] 1627–77Feltham Resolves i. xxviii. 48 When the Sun-bak'd Peasant goes to feast it with a Gentleman. 1691Hartcliffe Virtues 71 They honour a Martyr by feasting on his Festival. 1819Shelley Cyclops 365 The Cyclops..Now feasts on the dead. 1859Tennyson Enid 1136 Geraint..bad the host Call in..his friends And feast with these in honour of their Earl.
fig.c1600Shakes. Sonn. xlvii, With my loves' picture then my eye doth feast. 1768Verse of Oxford Newsman in Oxford Sausage (1822) 177 At length we change our wonted note And feast, all winter, on a vote. 1825Lytton Falkland 13, I have, as it were, feasted upon the passions. 1871G. Meredith H. Richmond xxv. (1887) 226 The princess..let her eyes feast incessantly on a laughing sea.
†b. To keep holiday, give oneself to pleasure; to enjoy oneself. Obs.
1608Shakes. Per. i. iv. 107 Feast here awhile, Until our stars that frown lend us a smile.
c. to feast away, to drive away by feasting; to pass (time) in feasting.
1621Bp. Hall Heaven upon Earth §6 Feast away thy cares. 1733Fielding Don Quix. in Eng. ii. v, Then hungry homeward we return, To feast away the night.
2. trans. To provide a feast for, regale. Also refl.
1340–70Alisaunder 978 Whan hee is fare fro fight his folke for too feaste. 1377Langl. P. Pl. B. xv. 335 Religious þat riche ben shulde rather feste beggeres þan burgeys. 1470–85Malory Arthur i. xxi, The kynge and all..that were fested that day. 1570–6Lambarde Peramb. Kent (1826) 256 The Lorde Bartholomew..magnificently feasted there the Queene. 1602Marston Antonio's Rev. v. v, Here lies a dish to feast thy fathers gorge. 1651Davenant Gondibert iii. v. 80 Hope, the worlds..standing Guest, Fed by the Rich, but feasted by the Poor. 1725De Foe Voy. round World (1840) 179 Our men might be said not to refresh but to feast themselves here with fresh provisions. 1849James Woodman v, Arrangements made for feasting the number of forty in the stranger's hall. 1863Geo. Eliot Romola i. xx, The guests were all feasted after this initial ceremony.
fig.c1300Havelok 2938 Hauelok..bigan..His denshe men to feste wel With riche landes. 1393Langl. P. Pl. C. xvii 318 Fiat-uoluntas-tua festeþ hym eche day. 1607Shakes. Timon iii. vi. 36 Feast your eares with the Musicke awhile. 1653Walton Angler 46 A companion that feasts the company with wit and mirth. 1701Farquhar Sir H. Wildair v. v, We'll charm our ears with Abel's voice; feast our eyes with one another. 1749Fielding Tom Jones xii. xiii, With the Gypsies he had feasted only his understanding. 1816J. Wilson City of Plague iii. i. 163, I know not why My soul thus longs to feast itself on terror. 1818Jas. Mill Brit. India II. iv. vii. 256 To feast the Company with the most flattering accounts of the state of their affairs. 1857Willmott Pleas. Lit. xi. 45 Pope, at twelve feasted his eyes in the picture galleries of Spenser.
3. In a more general sense: To entertain hospitably and sumptuously.
1490Caxton Eneydos xiii. 48 She doeth make grete appareylles for to feeste Eneas ryghte highely. 1548Hall Chron. 184 b, They were of Philippe, duke of Bourgoyne, wel receyved and fested. 1600E. Blount tr. Conestaggio 30 The Duke of Medina Sidonia feasted the King, with chasing of buls. 1601Shakes. Twel. N. iii. iv. 2 How shall I feast him? What bestow of him?
Hence ˈfeasted ppl. a. ˈfeasting ppl. a.
c1440Promp. Parv. 158/1 Festyd, or fed wythe goode mete and drynke, convivatus. 1652Benlowes Theoph. iv. lii. 58 That I may enter with thy feasted friends. 1674Dryden State Innocence 17 All these are ours, all nature's excellence Whose tast or smell can bless the feasted sence. 1592Shakes. Rom. & Jul. v. iii. 86 Her beautie makes This Vault a feasting presence full of light. |