| 释义 |
fatness|ˈfætnɪs|
[f. as prec. + -ness.]
1. The quality or state of being fat.
a. The condition of having the flesh interspersed with fat; plumpness, fullness of flesh, corpulence.
c1000Ags. Ps. xvi[i]. 9 Hi habbaþ ealle heora fætnesse..utan bewunden. c1400Lanfranc's Cirurg. 86 If þat þe bodi..ben mene bitwene fatnes & lenenes þat is neiþer to fatt ne to leene. 1581Mulcaster Positions xvii. (1887) 76 Wrastling..taketh awaie fatnesse, puffes, and swellinges. 1653Walton Angler 187 Eeles have all parts fit for generation..but so smal as not to be easily discerned, by reason of their fatness. 1756C. Lucas Ess. Waters I. 177 We can account for the extraordinary fatness of cooks, butchers, and other persons. 1885Truth 28 May 850/1 Fatness alone prevented her from continuing to shine as a lyric star.
fig.1602Shakes. Ham. iii. iv. 153 In the fatnesse of this pursie times, Vertue it selfe, of Vice must pardon begge.
†b. Typogr. Breadth or thickness. Obs.
1676Moxon Print Lett. 23 Measure the Fatness of the left hand Arch of e.
c. Of a tree: Oiliness; juiciness. Of the soil: Unctuous nature; hence, fertility, luxuriance. Obs. or arch. exc. U.S.
1382Wyclif Rom. xi. 17 Fatnesse of the olyue tree. 1555Eden Decades 4 The greate moystenesse and fatnesse of the grounde. 1611Bible Gen. xxvii. 28 God giue thee of the dew of heauen, and the fatnesse of the earth. a1735Arbuthnot (J.), By reason of the fatness and heaviness of the ground, Egypt did not produce metals. 1814J. Taylor Arator (ed. 2) 172 This [sc. using bottom lands for tillage and grazing] is owing to the extreme fatness of the soil. 1849E. Bryant California ii. 23, I never saw a soil indicative of a higher degree of fatness. 1887Morris Odyss. xi. 93 Then about his vineyard's fatness where the mother of wine doth abound. 1891Hardy Tess II. iii. xxiv. 34 The oozing fatness and warm ferments of the Var Vale.
fig.1526Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 162 Makynge it to encrease in a spirituall fatnes of deuocyon.
†2. That which makes fertile; a fertilizing property or virtue; fertilizing matter. Obs.
c1420Pallad. on Husb. xii. 7 Valey ther hilles fattenesse hath rest. 1563Fulke Meteors (1640) 16 Comets..betoken..barrenness..because the fatnesse of the earth is drawn up, whereof the Comet consisteth. 1611Bible Ps. lxv. 11 Thy paths drop fatnesse. 1692Bentley Serm. 5 Dec. 29 Water..to..feed the Plants of the Earth with..the fatness of Showrs. 1738Wesley Hymns, Eternal Wisdom, Thee we praise vii, They sink and drop Their Fatness on the ground.
†3.
a. concr. A greasy or oily substance, fat. Obs.
c1000Ags. Ps. xvi[i]. 11 Fætnysse heora hi beclysdon. 1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. v. lxiii. (1495) 181 In the beest is fatness that is callyd Adeps, Aruina wythout. c1400Lanfranc's Cirurg. 257 Summe seien þat þe fatnes of grene froggis..haþ vertu for to make men heere. c1430Stans Puer 39 in Babees Bk. (1868) 29 In ale ne in wiyn with hond leue no fatnes. 1450–1530Myrr. our Ladye (1873) 113 The fatnesse of oyle may not burne, tyl a weyke or matche be put therto. 1641French Distill. iii. (1651) 71 There will distill into the receiver a fatness. 1697Dryden Virg. Georg. ii. 547 Whose offer'd Entrails shall..drip their Fatness from the Hazle Broach.
fig.a1400Prymer (1891) 90 As wiþ grece and fatnesse fyld be my soule. 1561T. Norton Calvin's Inst. i. 4 This is the iuste vengeance of God, to drawe a fatnesse ouer their hartes. 1611Bible Ps. lxiii, My soule shall be satisfied as with marrow and fatnesse.
†b. In the soil, etc.: An unctuous substance; an unctuous layer or deposit. Obs.
1577B. Googe Heresbach's Husb. i. (1586) 20 b, A kinde of pith and fatnesse of the earth..called Marga. Ibid. 43 b, The fatnesse that the water leaves behinde it. 1626Bacon Sylva §355 Earth and Water..mingled by the helpe of the Sunne, gather a nitrous Fatnesse. 1715tr. Pancirollus' Rerum Mem. II. ii. 283 Chalky Earth..beaten and steeped in Water, affordeth a Cream or Fatness on the Top.
†4. The richest of best part of anything. Obs.
c1000Ags. Ps. lxxx[i]. 17 Of fætnysse hwætes. c1300E.E. Psalter cxlvii. 14 And with fattnes of whete filled þe wele. 1644G. Plattes in Hartlib Legacy (1655) 176 Cities, which..devoured the fatness of the whole Kingdom. 1665Dryden Ind. Emperor i. ii, Those ghostly kings would..all the Fatness of my Land devour. |