| 释义 |
tiara, n.|tiːˈɑːrə, taɪˈɛərə|
Also 6–7 tyara.
[a. L. tiāra, a. Gr. τιᾱ́ρα, τιᾱ́ρας, Ionic τιήρης, of unknown origin. So It. tiara the papal crown.]
1. The raised head-dress or high peaked cap worn by the Persians and some other eastern peoples, varying in shape according to the rank of the wearer; a kind of turban.
1555W. Watreman Fardle of Facions ii. v. 148 The rounde cappe, whiche thei cal Tiara..passed from them [Medes] to the Persians. 1696Phillips (ed. 5), Tiara, a high sharp pointed Cap, worn by Sovereign Princes, and those of the Blood Royal, among the Persians. 1734tr. Rollin's Anc. Hist. (1827) II. 378 The Persians wore no helmets, but only their common caps, which they called tiaras. 1847Grote Greece ii. xxxiii. IV. 300 The upright tiara, the privileged head-dress of the Persian kings.
2. A high ovate-cylindrical or dome-shaped diadem worn by the pope, surmounted by the orb and cross of sovereignty, and encircled with three crowns symbolic of triple dignity, and usually richly wrought with jewels; often called the triple tiara or triple crown. Hence transf. the position or dignity of pope, the papacy. Also fig.
[1616: see tiar 2.] 1645Evelyn Diary 18 Jan., There were divers of the Pope's pantofles..also his tyara, or triple crown. 1700J. A. Astry tr. Saavedra-Faxardo II. 316 This Tiara, or Triple-Crown, is the Touch-stone on which other Crowns are tried. 1845S. Austin Ranke's Hist. Ref. iii. v. II. 173 When Pope Clement VII came to the tiara, he revoked all grants of this nature. 1860Hawthorne Marb. Faun xxxiv, A figure of a pope, arrayed in his pontifical robes, and crowned with the tiara.
b. Her. A bearing supposed to represent the Pope's tiara; also called triple crown.
1780Edmondson Heraldry II. Gloss., Tiara, or Triple Crown, with clouds in base issuing rays, being part of the arms of the Drapers' Company. 1894Parker's Gloss. Her., Tiara, the pope's triple crown occurs in the arms of one Company.
3. The head-dress of the Jewish High Priest.
1868Marriott Vest. Chr. 80 The Tiara..was at once a covering and an ornament to the head of the High Priest. 1877C. Geikie Christ lviii. (1879) 709 Was not the tiara worn by a fierce Sadducee? 1890P. H. Hunter After the Exile xiii. 250 The tiara might be worn with safety, while the crown was impossible.
4. An ornamental frontal, coronet, or headband.
In modern use, a richly jewelled ornament worn by ladies in the hair, above the forehead.
[1660,1667: see tiar 3.] 1718Prior Pleasure 507 A bright tiara, round her forehead tied. 1761H. Walpole Let. to H. S. Conway 9 Sept., Her tiara of diamonds was very pretty. 1895Rider Haggard Heart of World xxi, On her head was set a tiara of perfect pearls.
b. fig. (Cf. crown, diadem.)
1818Byron Ch. Har. iv. ii, She [Venice] looks a sea Cybele..with her tiara of proud towers. 1862Goulburn Pers. Relig. i. iv. (1873) 35 The tiara of the rainbow. 1880J. Legge Mem. J. Legge iv. 45 Truth and love are the double tiara that should rest on his brow.
5. Zool. A mitre-shell, or a genus of mitre-shells.
1835Swainson Elem. Mod. Conchol. 14 Tiara. Sw. Mouth narrowed at the base; with an internal upper groove. 1840― Treat. Malacology i. iv. 112 The real type of the Mitrinæ is our genus Tiara, and not that of Mitra, as formerly supposed. 1842Penny Cycl. XXIV. 420/2 Tiara,..Swainson's name for a genus of ‘Mitrinæ’..which are termed ‘Mitres’ by collectors.
6. attrib. and Comb., as tiara-crowned, tiara-like, tiara-shaped adjs.; tiara night, a night on which tiaras (sense 4) are worn at the opera.
1792R. Cumberland Calvary (1803) II. 123 Round his brows A cypress wreath tiara-like he wore. 1868J. A. Wylie Road to Rome v. 45 Popery—from its tiara-crowned chief to its sandal-shod friars. 1897Westm. Gaz. 3 June 2/1 The guns sat each in its own little tiara-shaped entrenchment. 1900Daily Express 28 June 1/1 The Opera-house presented a brilliant spectacle last night, the ladies in the audience..having made it a ‘tiara’ night in expectation of the Khedive's presence.
Hence tiˈara v., trans. to adorn with or as with a tiara; tiˈaraed, -ra'd, |-əd| ppl. a., adorned with a tiara.
1822Milman Martyr of Antioch 128 The high tiara'd Magian. 1837New Monthly Mag. LI. 312 A pyramid of pilauf literally crowns, or rather tiaras the feast. 1840Carlyle Heroes iii. (1872) 79 All the Tiaraed and Diademed of the world. |