| 释义 |
▪ I. fake, n.1 Naut.|feɪk|
Also 7, 9 fack.
[Of obscure origin; cf. fake v.1
The MHG. vach had the sense ‘fold’ in addition to those of ‘appointed place, portion of space or time, compartment’; if a similar sense belonged to the etymological equivalents OE. fæc (recorded in sense ‘space of time’), MDu. vak (enclosure, partition), the word might come from either source. If it be identical with the Sc. faik n. fold, a native origin seems probable.]
(See quot. 1867.)
1627Capt. Smith Seaman's Gram. vii. 30 Lay it [Cable] up in a round Ring, or fake, one aboue another. 1688R. Holme Armoury iii. 163/2 How many Facks is in the Rope? 1730Capt. W. Wriglesworth MS. Log-bk. of the ‘Lyell’ 14 Oct., Hauled up the Small Bower and Sheet Cables and Coiled them down again in shorter fakes. 1810J. H. Moore Pract. Navig. (ed. 18) 274 Fack or Fake. 1867Smyth Sailor's Word-bk., Fake, one of the circles or windings of a cable or hawser, as it lies disposed in a coil.
▪ II. fake, n.2 slang.|feɪk|
[Belongs to fake v.2]
1. An act of ‘faking’; a contrivance, ‘dodge’, trick, invention; a ‘faked’ or ‘cooked’ report. Passing from slang to colloq. in the sense of ‘a counterfeit person or thing’.
1827Maginn in Blackw. Mag. (Farmer), The fogle⁓hunter's doing. Their morning fake in the prigging lay. 1851Mayhew Lond. Labour (1861) I. 223 After that we had a fine ‘fake’—that was the fire of the Tower of London—it sold rattling. 1885Punch 31 Jan. 60 If I worked the theatrical fake—which I don't. 1887Financ. News 24 Mar. 1/4 D..is generally regarded as the father of the testimonial fake. 1888N.Y. Mercury (Farmer), Both ladies then came to the conclusion that the fortune-teller was a fake, and they decided to notify the police. 1891Pall Mall G. 28 July 6/2 The abominable fakes..telegraphed to the papers by the agencies. 1899R. Whiteing No. 5 John St. xxiii. 229 She went so far as to affirm her conviction that I was a ‘fake’. 1927F. Lonsdale The Fake iii. ii. 59 If you stood at this moment to be judged by these..people, you would have earned from them that which I can only ever feel for you—everlasting contempt{ddd}you Fake! 1945Auden Coll. Poetry 35 To think of love as a subjective fake.
2. A composition used for ‘faking’ (see quots.).
1866Islington Guardian 3 Apr. 3/3 [Condensed milk sold to dealers to be watered down and retailed as new milk] is known in the trade under the name of ‘Fake’. 1880Gee Goldsmith's Handbk. x. (ed. 2) 140 Soft-soldering Fluid bears various names in the different workshops, such as ‘monkey’, ‘fake’.
3. attrib. or as adj. Spurious, counterfeit; spec. used in Jazz of a book of music containing the basic chord-sequences of tunes.
1775W. Howe Let. 3 Dec. in Canadian Archives (1904) App. i. 355 So many artifices have been practiced upon Strangers under the appearance of Friendship, fake Pilots &c., that those coming out with Stores..cannot be put too much on their guard. 1890Stock Grower & Farmer 15 Mar. 7/1 The farce of surveying for their fake ditch. 1892Boston (Mass.) Jrnl. 9 June 10/2 heading, Another Fake Interview Denounced. 1903Daily Chron. 16 June 3/4 [Amer. loq.] They were all men of position and character, who would not be connected with a ‘fake’ institution. 1909Westm. Gaz. 16 Nov. 2/3 Swindled by a ‘fake’ paper, the supposed verdict being simply a prophecy of what it was likely to be. 1920Glasgow Herald 17 Nov. 9 Fake whisky..the symptoms following consumption are similar to those of gastric poisoning. 1927Melody Maker May 495 By blowing the instrument as though you intended to play one long note, but during this long note, changing the fingering alternately from ‘legitimate’ (or recognised) to fake fingering. 1933Mind XLII. 34 Anyone can write a fake dictionary. 1953X. Fielding Stronghold iii. i. 182 These fake Americans usually appear so scornful of what..they call ‘the home-town’. 1958Amer. Speech XXXIII. 225 Bible (the chord book, or ‘fake book’, which guides most small combos through this weary world). 1964McCall's Sewing iv. 57/1 Fake fur, woven or knitted fabrics made of cotton or synthetic fibres to simulate the fur of animals. 1965New Yorker 2 Jan. 46/2 Bring that fake book, please, in case they ask me to play something I recorded forty years ago. Everybody but me remembers those tunes.
Add:[1.] b. Sport. An act of faking or feinting to deceive one's opponent. Chiefly N. Amer.
1941Barbour & Sarra How to play Basketball iii. 29 A head fake..will often provide an uninterrupted course to the basket. 1952F. Anderson Basketball Techniques Illustr. viii. 53 It is not practical to use many fakes..on your opponent unless you are close enough to him to make him respond. 1976C. Brackenridge Women's Lacrosse i. 12 Whenever possible, you and your team should use fakes. 1987Gridiron Pro! No. 5 22/2 McNeil froze the covering Detroit punter with a head fake to electrify the 72,000 crowd with the longest Browns' punt return since 1959.
▸ fake tan n. a lotion or cosmetic designed to give the skin a suntanned appearance (cf. self-tanner n.); an artificial suntan.
1950Waterloo (Iowa) Daily Courier 6 June 8/2, I can't use body make-up. I shampoo my hair every performance when I sing ‘I'm Gonna Wash That Man Right Outa My Hair’ and the water floats my *fake tan away. 1996Daily Tel. 12 June 19/6 This month's Maxim..contains articles on impotency and achieving the perfect fake tan. 2003Diva Aug. 68/4 Patsy Palmer and her mate Charlotte Cutler have come up with Palmer Cutler's line of fake tans, moisturisers and exfoliants.
▪ III. fake, v.1 Naut.|feɪk|
[app. f. fake n.1, which, however, appears much later. Cf. Sc. faik v.1 to fold.]
trans. To lay (a rope) in fakes or coils; to coil.
a1400Morte Arth. 742 Ffrekes one þe forestayne, fakene þeire coblez. c1860H. Stuart Seaman's Catech. 62 The chain cables and messengers are faked in the chain lockers. 1875Bedford Sailor's Pocket-bk. viii. (ed. 2) 281 But for subsequent shots the line may be faked on the beach.
▪ IV. fake, v.2 slang.|feɪk|
[Of obscure origin. There appears to be some ground for regarding it as a variant of the older feak, feague, which are prob. ad. Ger. fegen (or the equivalent Du. or LG.) to furbish up, clean, sweep.
In Rowland's Martin Mark-all 1610, a feager of loges is explained as meaning ‘one who begs with false documents’ (cf. to fake a screeve); and the modern fake away appears to correspond to the earlier feague it away. The colloquial and jocular uses of the Ger. fegen closely resemble the senses mentioned in quot. 1812: amongst those given by Grimm are ‘to clear out, plunder’ (a chest, purse: cf. to fake a cly), ‘to torment, ill treat’.]
1. a. trans. In thieves' or vagrants' language: To perform any operation upon; to ‘do’, ‘do for’; to plunder, wound, kill; to do up, put into shape; to tamper with, for the purpose of deception. In the last-mentioned application it has latterly come into wider colloquial use, esp. with reference to the ‘cooking’ or dressing-up of news, reports, etc., for the press. Also, with up or absol.
1812J. H. Vaux Flash Dict. s.v., To fake any person or place, to rob them; to fake a person may also imply to shoot, wound, or cut; to fake a man out and out, is to kill him; a man who inflicts wounds upon, or otherwise disfigures, himself, for any sinister purpose, is said to have faked himself; if a man's shoe happens to pinch or gall his foot, he will complain that his shoe fakes his foot sadly..to fake your slangs, is to cut your irons in order to escape from custody; to fake your pin, is to create a sore leg, or to cut it, as if accidentally..in hopes..to get into the doctor's list, &c.; to fake a screeve is to write any letter or other paper; to fake a screw, is to shape out a skeleton or false key, for the purpose of screwing a particular place; to fake a cly is to pick a pocket. 1851Mayhew Lond. Labour 352 The ring is made out of brass gilt buttons..it's faked up to rights. 1885Sporting Times 23 May 1/3 The chorister fair..Faked her⁓self up. 1885H. P. Grattan in The Stage 10 July, A pair of shoes to fake the patchey (Anglice play the harlequin). 1885Spectator 24 Jan. 119/2 Nine pictures out of ten in modern galleries are simply studies—‘faked up’. 1887Times 30 July 5/5 He now knew that..these diamonds were ‘faked’. 1888Phonetic Jrnl. 7 Jan. 4/2 ‘Faking’ in newz⁓paper fraze meanz..the supplying..ov unimportant detailz which may serv an exsellent purpos in the embellishment ov a despatch. 1888‘Boldrewood’ Robbery under Arms I. xvii, The horse-brand..had been ‘faked’ or cleverly altered. 1896People 6 Sept. 10/3 Complainant..denied that..he was accused by a lady of picking her pocket..he did not say he had ‘never faked a poke’ in his life. 1908Smart Set Sept. 39, I knew that..it had no curative power and I didn't want to be caught faking. 1921G. B. Shaw Back to Methuselah IV. iii. 203 What else could the poor old chap do but fake up an answer fit for publication?
b. spec. To conceal the defects of (an animal) by colouring hair or feathers.
1874Punch 7 Mar. 98/1 Pr'aps he'd a come to you with him [a horse] faked up for sale. 1883G. Stables Our Friend the Dog vii. 60 Faking, dyeing, staining, clipping, or otherwise interfering with the dog's coat or appearance, to hide defects and deceive the judge or public.
c. To feign or simulate.
1941London Opinion Apr. 42/1 Faking an interest in the goods displayed. 1943E. O'Neill Moon for Misbegotten iii. 148, I..hid my face in my hands and faked some sobs.
2. absol. or intr. To steal (? only a literary misapprehension); also in fake away (see quots.).
1812J. H. Vaux Flash Dict., Fake away, there's no down..go on with your operations, there is no sign of any alarm or detection. 1834H. Ainsworth Rookwood iii. v, ‘Nix my dolly pals fake away.’ 1860Reade Cloister & H. III. iv. 82 They molest not beggars, unless they fake to boot, and then they drown us out of hand.
3. intr. Of jazz musicians: to improvise. colloq.
1926Melody Maker Jan. 20 In those days..the dance band was not studied by the orchestrator as it is now, and one had to ‘fake’ saxophone and banjo parts from those of such other instruments as were catered for in the score. 1933Fortune Aug. 92/3 It is no exaggeration to say that his band of fourteen can fake (improvise) as adroitly as the early five-piece combinations. 1944Spotlight Jan. 18 There was enough good music ‘faked’ in those days.
Hence faked ppl. a.; ˈfaking vbl. n.; ˈfaker, one who ‘fakes’ (cf. cly-faker); ˈfakery, the practice of ‘faking’.
a1845Barham Ingol. Leg., Lay St. Aloys., Nought is waking Save mischief and ‘faking’. 1846R. L. Snowden Magistrate's Assistant 345 Umbrella menders..mushroom fakers. 1851Borrow Lavengro II. iii. 29 We never calls them thieves here, but prigs and fakers. 1872Morning Post 7 Nov. 3/1 Since the ‘faking’ of the scales in Catch-'em-Alive's year. 1885Daily Tel. 1 Aug. 2 ‘I've turned faker of dolls and doll's furniture.’ 1886Bicycling News 11 June 536/2 What has been termed a ‘faked’ machine. 1887Sat. Rev. 9 Jan. 70 The gold and vellum binding with the orange-tinted edges form a pretty piece of ‘fakery’. 1892A. Conan Doyle Advent. S. Holmes xiii, in Strand Mag. IV. No. 24. 657/2, I found him [the horse] in the hands of a faker. 1898Westm. Gaz. 25 June 2/3 The profession of the faker has become quite a recognised one, and happy the man who..shows intelligent anticipation of some important item of war news. 1934S. R. Nelson All about Jazz i. 23 Chas. Washington..was the father of the fakers, as he was unable to read a note of music.
Add:[3.] b. trans. and intr. Sport. To feint (a pass, etc.) in order to deceive one's opponent; to deceive in this way. Chiefly U.S.
1933F. C. Allen in Scholastic Coach Nov. 8/2 Just previous to his break to the front, he should fake to cut back behind his guard for the basket. 1937― Better Basketball xii. 168 The offensive player..is faking a spin in either direction. 1952F. Anderson Basketball Techniques Illustr. viii. 53 Being able to fake the opponent out of position before you start to dribble..makes you a doubly effective offensive threat. 1974State (Columbia, S. Carolina) 1 Apr. 4-b/2 Then Robertson, driving toward the foul line, faked past two defenders and sank a twisting, lunging jumper. 1986Gridiron UK June 44/4 They can line up wherever they want, way outside you or they can fake in one direction and go the other.
▸ to fake out v. trans. Chiefly N. Amer. 1. Sport. To deceive (an opponent) with a feint.
1949F. W. Leahy Notre Dame Football 69 If they are blocked out, they will react faster because they know where the play is going, but if they are faked out they are lost temporarily. 1980Boston Globe (Electronic ed.) 1 Mar. The highlight of this flurry was a spectacular baseline drive by Bird, who faked out Sonny Parker and then curled in a twisting banker amidst tremendous applause. 2007Miami Herald (Nexis) 25 Mar. d18 Dowd walked in on Belfour, faked him out and scored.
2. To fool or mislead.
1959A. Murray Let. 17 Aug. in R. Ellison & A. Murray Trading Twelves (2000) 211, I used to think that he was all tangled up in crap that wasn't worth bothering about. The thirties and Fitzgerald's admirers faked me out on this. 1987A. Maupin Significant Others xxxi. 207 You should fake her out, pretend to be fucking around yourself. 2001J. Waterman Arctic Crossing ii. 153 As if to fake me out, he turns and runs straight south to circle back into camp. |