| 释义 |
▪ I. throttle, n.|ˈθrɒt(ə)l|
Forms: 6 throtal, throttil, 7 dial. thrattle, 8 throtle, 6– throttle.
[Has the form of a dim. of throte, throat: cf. Ger. drossel, dim. of OHG. droȥȥa throat. But the late appearance of the word (c 1550), its app. synonymy with the earlier thropple (c 1375), and the earlier existence of throttle v., combine to make its actual history perplexing.
Sense 3, of 17th c., is evidently a noun of action from the vb., and might be treated as a distinct word.]
1. a. The throat. Now chiefly dial.
a1547Surrey æneid iv. 361 Amid his throtal his voice likewise gan stick [L. vox faucibus hæsit, Douglas the voce stak in his hals]. 1570Levins Manip. 126/18 A Throttil, guttus, uris, hoc. A Throppil, edem, iugulum. c1720Gibson Farrier's Guide i. iii. (1738) 28 This pipe is called the Trachea..which Name it obtains from the Throtle to the Lungs. 1806–7J. Beresford Miseries Hum. Life xx. 238 The neck of each bottle She thrusts down her throttle. 1823F. Cooper Pioneers xxxiv, Under the grasp which the steward held on his throttle. 1871B. Taylor Faust (1875) I. vi. 109 Now, here's a bottle, Wherefrom, sometimes, I wet my throttle.
b. The larynx. Now rare.
1615Crooke Body of Man 763 Because the actions of the Throttle or Larynx are perfourmed with voluntary motion, Nature hath giuen it muscles. 1646Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. iii. xxvii. 174 The windepipe..in this birde [bittern]..hath no Larinx or throttle to qualifie the sound. 1905Daily Chron. 16 Mar. 3/4 He used to carry home to me..from his anatomy class..the throttles of all kinds of animals!—chickens, sheep and cows. You would imagine that these cartilaginous larynxes, red from the operating table, would have disgusted me.
c. transf. The throat or neck of a bottle.
a1845Hood Public Dinner ii, Certain bottles Made long in the throttles.
2. (See quot.)
a1864Gesner Coal, Petrol., etc. (1865) 79 The throttles..are small flues which distribute the heat around the still.
†3. The act of throttling or fact of being throttled; choking, suffocation. Obs. rare—1.
1622Mabbe tr. Aleman's Guzman d'Alf. i. 24 They cramme their crawes like so many Capons in a Coope, till they can swallow no more, and so die of the throttle.
4. a. Short for throttle-valve (see 5); also a similar valve in a motor engine, and transf., the throttle-control (of a motor vehicle, motor cycle, etc.).
1877Knight Dict. Mech., Throttle. (Steam.) A name for the Throttle-valve. 1903Times 30 Apr. 3/2 He had slowed down..the motor-cycle..and had almost closed the throttle. 1907Ibid. 30 May 4/6 An experienced driver controlled the throttle and could pull up at once. 1908Ibid. 6 Apr. 7/1 He was on watch in the engine-room and standing near the throttles. 1957A. C. Clarke Deep Range i. iv. 44 Franklin pressed down the throttle and felt the surge of power as the torpedo leaped forward. 1966T. Wisdom High-Performance Driving viii. 74 You brake with the ball of your foot and blip the throttle with your heel or the side of your foot. 1983Listener 28 July 13/1 Mine was no longer with a functioning throttle, gear change or front-brake on arrival.
b. Phrs.: to cut or chop the throttle, to close the throttle in order to slow down or stop; (at) full, half, part, etc., throttle, (at) maximum, etc., power or speed (also fig.).
1936Motor Man. (ed. 29) ii. 26 When the throttle is lying flat in the direction of the gas flow, the engine is running ‘full bore’, the term generally used for this being ‘full throttle’. 1948N.Y. World-Telegram 30 Dec. 11/8 The pilot, coming in, doesn't chop the throttle. The jet pilot ‘turns down the wick’. 1958[see cut v. 21 f]. 1969J. Argenti Managem. Techniques viii. 50 Once one has grasped the principle behind Cost-Benefit..one can use the technique at quarter throttle, so to speak. Ibid. 51 The results will be less impressive than when an expert uses it at full throttle. 1973Daily Tel. 9 Jan. 1/5 The gunboat, believed to be the Odinn, avoided the ramming by sailing away at full throttle. 1977J. F. Fixx Compl. Bk. Running iii. 42 Even in a race there's no need to run at full throttle if you don't want to.
5. attrib. and Comb., as (in sense 1) throttle bone, throttle-pipe, (in sense 4) as throttle control; throttle damper, an adjustable damper for a flue, etc. working like a throttle-valve; throttle ice (see quots.); throttle jockey slang (see quot. 1946), throttle-lever, a lever for opening or closing a throttle or throttle-valve; throttleman, one who controls the throttle(s) of an engine; throttle-valve (probably from the vb.), a valve for regulating the supply of steam, esp. to the cylinder of a steam-engine.
1681Grew Musæum i. ii. i. 11 The *Throttle Bone of a Male Aquiqui.
1910Westm. Gaz. 10 Feb. 5/1 The *throttle control is well worth careful attention.
1884Knight Dict. Mech., Supp. s.v., A *throttle damper, with arrow and quadrant, for regulating the passage of the flue and registering the same.
1942S.A.E. Jrnl. Jan. 22/1 Ice which collects in the induction system was divided into three classes: impact ice, *throttle ice, and fuel evaporation ice... ‘Throttle ice’ is that which is formed at or near the throttle when the throttle is in a part-closed position due to the cooling effect of the increase in kinetic energy of the air in the restricted flow region. 1972Gloss. Aeronaut. & Astronaut. Terms (B.S.I.) xv. 12 Throttle ice, ice formed in or near the engine throttle by the cooling due to isentropic expansion of the inspired air in the temperature range of 0°C to 5°C.
1946Amer. Speech XXI. 310/2 *Throttle jockey, a pilot. 1947Seafarers' Log 25 Apr. 13/2 How could you crush a seamen's strike without captains and throttle-jockeys?
1864Webster, *Throttle-lever. 1882Scudder Noah Webster vi. 184 He seems..to have his hand close to the throttle-lever without knowing it.
1904Everybody's Mag. X. 663/1 When the officials came out and stood around the engine, there were *throttle-men on waiting locals. 1973H. Gruppe Truxton Cipher (1974) xiv. 140 The throttleman nervously wiped his sweating hands on a hank of oily cotton waste. 1982Fortune 22 Mar. 172/2 The throttleman then has to reduce power because the boat's propellers are out of the water and meeting no resistance.
1632Brome Northern Lass iii. iii, I'le cut your *thrattle-pipe.
1824R. Stuart Hist. Steam Engine 129 A cock or valve, called the *throttle-valve or regulator, placed on the pipe conveying the steam from the boiler. 1877Knight Dict. Mech. 2564 Throttle-valve..in the Watt engine..a disk turning on an axis, and occupying in its transverse position the bore of the main steam-pipe..frequently an ordinary conical valve with a stem operated by a screw. 1899F. T Bullen Log Sea-waif 252 The grey-headed chief-engineer stood by the grunting machinery, his hand on the throttle-valve.
▪ II. throttle, v.|ˈθrɒt(ə)l|
Forms: 5 throtel, 5–6 throtil, 5–7 throtle, 6–7 thrattle, thratle, 7 thrattell, 7 throatle, 6– throttle.
[Late ME. throtel, -il, perh. f. throat + -le suffix3.
App. not derived from throttle n., which appears 150 years later. The Ger. drosseln (much later), now only in erdrosseln, is from drossel n., so that drosseln and to throttle are not in their history parallel.]
1. a. trans. To stop the breath of by compressing the throat, to strangle; to kill in this way; loosely, to stop the breath of in any way, to choke, suffocate. The original meaning may have been ‘to take or seize by the throat’. Also refl.
In some early quots. the meaning appears to be ‘to kill by cutting or stabbing the throat’ (rendering L. jugulāre).
a1400–50Alexander 4813 Þan come þai blesnand till a barme of a brent lawe, Neȝe throtild with þe thik aire & thrange in þare andes. c1400Destr. Troy 12752 Þan entrid this Engist,..And, with a thricche in the throte, throtlet the kyng. 1432–50tr. Higden (Rolls) IV. 181 His felawes taken by Antonius,..caste in to prison, were throtelede [strangulati] in hit. Ibid. V. 321 Boecius..was throtelede [eum jugulari fecit] in the territory Mediolanense. 1564Haward Eutropius iv. 44 This Aristonicus was thratled in prisone by the commandement of the Senate. 1582N. T. (Rhem.) Matt. xviii. 28 He found one of his fellow-seruants..and..thratled him saying Repay that thou owest. 1602Rowlands Greene's Ghost 15 One of them thratled him so sore by the wind-pipe, that he could make no noise, but sodainly sunke to the ground. 1609Holland Amm. Marcell. 349 Palladius..knit his necke in an halter, and so throtled himselfe, and died. 1693Dryden Persius' Sat. iii. 199 His Throat half throtled with corrupted Fleam. 1730Swift Misc., True Eng. Dean ix, Then throttle thy self with an Ell of strong Tape. 1816Scott Bl. Dwarf vii, The dog..pulled down and throttled one of the hermit's she-goats. 1861Geo. Eliot Silas M. i. iii, ‘Hold your tongue..’, said Godfrey,..‘else I'll throttle you’.
b. transf. To tie something tightly round the neck of; to compress by fastening something round.
1863Brierley Waverlow 228 The lower [portion of these figures] was..‘throttled’ in unyielding pantaloons. 1866Geo. Eliot F. Holt v, Let a man once throttle himself with a satin stock. 1869Blackmore Lorna D. xxxv, I never had throttled a finger before, and it [the ring] looked very queer..upon my great..hand.
c. intr. or absol.
1837Carlyle Fr. Rev. III. iii. iv, Party tugging and throttling with Party might have suppressed and smothered one another.
2. a. To check or break off (utterance) as if choking; † in qt. 1610, to utter in a choking voice.
1582Stanyhurst æneis iv. (Arb.) 108 Her talck in the mydel, with this last parlye, she throtled. 1590Shakes. Mids. N. v. i. 97, I haue seene them shiuer and looke pale,..Throttle their practiz'd accent in their feares. 1610Tofte Honours Acad. i. 80 With a hollow voice, he thratled forth these few words. My dearest friends, let me intreat you [etc.].
b. fig. To stop forcibly the utterance of (a person or thing).
1641Milton Animadv. ii. Wks. 1851 III. 205 And thus you throttle your selfe with your owne Similies. 1647Trapp Comm. Mark iii. 2 It is a brave thing to throttle envy, to stop an evil mouth. 1838Emerson Address, Cambr., Mass. Wks. (Bohn) II. 196 The injury to faith throttles the preacher. 1901Scotsman 7 Mar. 6/2 If it were given any quarter, it would throttle Parliament.
3. intr. To undergo suffocation; to choke.
1566[implied in throttling ppl. a.]. a1687H. More in Life R. Ward (1710) 208 She dyed without any Fever,..drawing her Breath a while as one asleep, without throatling. 1828–32Webster, Throttle..2. To breathe hard, as when nearly suffocated. 1909Westm. Gaz. 21 Aug. 3/1 The child throttled and died in my arms.
4. a. trans. To check or stop the flow of (a fluid in a tube, etc.) esp. by means of a valve, or by compression; to regulate the supply of steam or gas to (an engine) in this way. (Cf. throttle-valve in prec. n. 5.) Also const. down.
1875R. F. Martin tr. Havrez' Winding Mach. 75 It would be better to use the steam expansively, rather than to throttle it by means of the regulator. 1884R. Wilson in Pall Mall G. 19 May 11/2 How..can the pressure be reduced from two inches or more to eight-tenths? By throttling the gas at the meter or at the burner. 1898Allbutt's Syst. Med. V. 932 As the stenosis throttles the wave the increased velocity of the blood is counteracted by the rising pressure in the aorta. 1907Daily Chron. 29 July 5/5 The [motor] bus started skidding. I throttled the engine and stuck to my seat as long as I could. 1914Hamel & Turner Flying 134 Nearer and nearer we approach and now our pilot throttles down the engine.
b. absol. in phrs. to throttle back, throttle down, to close the throttle in order to slow down or stop.
1932D. Garnett Rabbit in Air iii. 82 The altimeter was at 3000. I throttled back. Ibid. 91, I turned over the cement works, flew her level, and turned again by the river, throttled down and made my approach. 1953C. A. Lindbergh Spirit of St. Louis ii. vi. 188 The air speed's still over 100 miles an hour... I throttle down to 1750. 1973R. Rosenblum Mushroom Cave (1974) 101 The pilot throttled back to float the helicopter over a large network of paths. 1979‘K. M. Peyton’ Marion's Angels viii. 130 He throttled down sharply for the turning to the church.
Hence throttleable |ˈθrɒt(ə)ləb(ə)l| a.; (of an engine) that can be controlled by means of a throttle; throttled |ˈθrɒt(ə)ld| ppl. a., ˈthrottling vbl. n. and ppl. a.; also ˈthrottler, one who or that which throttles: see also quot. 1895.
1960Aeroplane XCVIII. 261/2 The Thiokol XLR-99 ‘*throttleable’ rocket engine..has completed preliminary static tests and will shortly be installed in an X-15. 1969New Scientist 1 May 243/2 The rotors could be fitted with small, throttleable rockets on their tips.
1818Scott Br. Lamm. ix, The huntsman then withdrew the hounds from the *throttled stag. 1906Westm. Gaz. 14 Nov. 9/2 The motor-car..has grown out of knowledge. Pneumatic tyres, multiple cylinders, a throttled engine, electric ignition,..are a few of the leading improvements.
1859Max Müller Sc. Lang. ix. (1861) 367 All who have seen..the statue of Laokoon..may realise what those ancients felt..when they called sin anhas, or the *throttler. 1889― Nat. Relig. xv. 404 An enemy had been called a throttler. 1895Funk's Standard Dict., Throttler..2. A throttle-valve, or an engine having one. a1687*Throatling [see 3]. 1826Scott Jrnl. 30 May, A sort of throttling sensation. 1863Geo. Eliot Romola xxii, [He] might easily check any rebellious movement by the threat of throttling. 1875R. F. Martin tr. Havrez' Winding Mach. 79 The throttling of the steam at the regulator.
1566J. Studley tr. Seneca, Agam. E vij, The old mans *thratlyng throt I sawe (alas) I saw yborde With cruell Pirrhus blade [senis in iugulo Telum Pyrrhi..tingui]. 1700Dryden Pal. & Arc. iii. 406 The throttling quinsey 'tis my star appoints. 1830Scott Demonol. i. 43 The broken cry of deer mangled by throttling dogs. |