| 释义 |
factory|ˈfæktərɪ|
Also 6–7 factorie.
[repr. med.L. factōria, f. factor: see factor n. The proximate source is uncertain: the word is found in several of the Romanic langs.: It. fattoria, Sp. factoría, Pg. feitoria (1551 in the original of our first quot.); Fr. has factorerie (Cotgr. 1611), f. as factor n. + -erie -ery; also, factorie app. adopted from some foreign lang. In senses 4–5 referred to the type of factōrium place or instrument of making (recorded in sense ‘oil-press’), f. facĕre to make.]
1. An establishment for traders carrying on business in a foreign country; a merchant company's trading station.
1582N. Lichefield tr. Castanheda's Conq. E. Ind. xxi. 54 b, To the intent hee might remaine in the Factorye with the Factour. 1613Purchas Pilgrimage vii. vii. §3. 573 Here [Sofala] the Portugals haue..a Fort and Factorie of very rich Trade. 1682Lond. Gaz. No. 1692/1 The total subversion of their Factory at Amoy. 1701Charter Soc. Prop. Gospel, The maintenance of clergymen in the Plantations, Colonies and Factories of Great Britain. 1772F. Burney Early Diary 3 Feb., He is chaplain to the British factory at St. Petersburg. 1837W. Irving Capt. Bonneville II. 84 Vancouver..the main factory of the Hudson's Bay Company. 1861Pattison Ess. (1889) i. 39 Long before..the Hanse..fixed their factories in Lisbon.
fig.1641Milton Ch. Govt. ii. 34 All those that seek to bear themselves uprightly in this their spiritual factory.
attrib.1804Visct. Valentia Voy. & Trav. (1809) I. vii. 372 The factory-house is a chaste piece of architecture.
†2. The body of factors in any one place. Obs.
1702W. J. Bruyn's Voy. Levant vi. 18 The three Statues were..sent..by the French Factory to Paris. 1777W. Dalrymple Trav. Sp. & Port. cxxv, I feasted..with the consul and factory.
3. a. The employment, office, or position of a factor; factorship. (Chiefly Sc.: cf. factor n. 5.) Also, letter of factory = 3 b.
1560in Tytler Hist. Scot. i. xx. (1864) III. 328 No disposition of factorie shall be made by [= contrary to] his advice. 1594Sc. Acts Jas. VI (1816) 64 Diuers personis..hes maid dyuerss bandis, obligationis, lettres of factorie. 1631T. Powell Tom All Trades 35 The Merchant Royall..comes to his Profession by travaile and Factory. 1752G. Brown in Scots Mag. (1753) Nov. 555/2 He..accepted the factory of the estate. 1869Act 32–3 Vict. c. 116 §3 A conveyance..for the purposes of such estate or trust, or factory.
b. A document investing another with the authority of a factor or agent.
1640–1Kirkcudbr. War-Comm. Min. Bk. (1855) 134 The factorie granted be Gilbert Browne of Bagbie to Johne Browne, merchand. 1676W. Row Contn. Blair's Autobiog. xii. (1848) 380 He..gaue a factorie to his son-in-law, to go over with Forther and agent that business.
†4. The action or process of making anything.
1664Butler Hud. ii. iii. 864 These reasons..are far from satisfactory, T' establish, and keep up your Factory. 1678Ibid. iii. ii. 1446 Gain has wonderful Effects, T'improve the Factory of Sects.
5. a. A building or range of buildings with plant for the manufacture of goods; a manufactory, workshop; ‘works’.
1618Ussher Let. to Camden 8 June, The Company of Stationers in London are now erecting a Factory for Books and a Press among us here. 1832G. R. Porter Porcelain & Gl. 307 The spacious factory of the manufacturer. 1878Jevons Prim. Pol. Econ. 63 Somebody must settle whether the factory is to work for..ten..or eight hours a day.
b. transf. and fig.
1618Middleton Peacemaker Wks. 1886 VIII. 326 Come then to the factory of Peace, thou that desirest to have life. 1682Sir T. Browne Chr. Mor. (1716) 21 Our corrupted hearts are the Factories of the Devil, which may be at work without his presence. 1847Emerson Poems, Monadnoc Wks. (Bohn) I. 433 Factory of river and of rain; Link in the alps' globe-girding chain. 1856― Eng. Traits, Univ. ibid. II. 91 Oxford is a Greek factory. 1860O. W. Holmes Prof. Breakf.-t. x. 216 This was no common miss, such as are turned out in scores from the young-lady-factories.
c. A prison; a police station. slang.
1832in Penguin Bk. Austral. Ballads (1964) 33 But the lass I adore, the lass for me, Is a lass in the Female Factory. 1874M. Clarke His Natural Life ii. iii. 91 In the factory—a prison for females—the vilest abuses were committed. 1891‘F. W. Carew’ No. 747 xxxvi. 426 A stranger..whom a plain-clothes D. from the ‘Factory’ would most assuredly have catalogued as suspicious. 1938F. D. Sharpe Sharpe of Flying Squad 330 Factory, the police-station.
6. attrib. (sense 5), as factory bill, factory boy, factory butter (U.S.), factory child, factory chimney, factory-girl, factory-hand, factory hooter, factory-inspector, factory lad, factory-man, factory owner (so factory-owning ppl. adj.), factory-people, factory-spinner, factory system, factory-village, factory whistle, factory worker, factory world; factory-made pple. (and as adj. and n.). Also factory acts (earlier factories acts), the statutes 42 Geo. III. c. 73 (1802), 3 & 4 Will. IV. c. 103 (1833), and various later acts, passed for the regulation of factories in the interest of the health and morals of the persons employed in them; factory cloth = factory-cotton; factory-cotton (U.S.), unbleached cotton cloth of home manufacture, as opposed to imported fabrics; also called factory and domestic; factory farm orig. U.S., a farm organized on industrial lines; hence factory farmer, -farming; factory floor, the work-place of, or a forum for, industrial workers; also attrib.; factory ship, the base ship of a whaling fleet; factory trawler (see quot. 1962).
1832Rep. Comm. Lab. Children in Parl. Papers 1831–2 XV. 20 But since this *Factory Bill has been agitated,..the children have gathered round me..and have said..‘Will you get the Ten Hour Bill?’ 1833Blackw. Edin. Mag. XXXIII. 443/1 Mr. John Wood..of whom the Rev. G. S. Bull..thus spoke a few days ago at a great Factory Bill meeting.
Ibid. 444/2 He is perhaps a better judge of fat cattle..than of lean *Factory boys and girls. 1840F. Trollope (title) Life and adventures of Michael Armstrong, the factory boy.
1888Vermont Agric. Rep. X. 14 *Factory butter secures an average higher price than its patrons could secure if they made it at home.
1832Rep. Comm. Lab. Children in Parl. Papers 1831–2 XV. 640 Education of *factory children in England far behind Scotland. 1833Blackw. Edin. Mag. XXXIII. 427 A Factory child..must be at her work..at four o'clock of a snowy winter-morning.
1848Mrs. Gaskell Mary Barton II. ix. 131 She..looked towards the *factory-chimneys, and the cloud of smoke which hovers over Manchester. 1933V. Sackville-West Let. 31 Jan. in Lett. H. Nicolson (1966) 136 Factory-chimneys line the cliff.
1873M. Holley My Opinions 113 Merrymac calico and *factory cloth.
1890A. Marshall Princ. Econ. I. iv. xi. 351 Our knowledge..would be much increased..if some private persons,..or co-operative associations, would make a few careful experiments of what have been called ‘*Factory farms’. 192619th Cent. June 825 Factory-farms..can be multiplied or spread widely enough to affect the whole of British agriculture. 1952Economist 7 June 657/1 The operators of the huge western factory farms..resist the rule that no more than 160 acres of a single owner's land can be supplied with federally financed water.
Ibid. This so-called ‘160-acre limitation’..is still applied when new lands are irrigated, but *factory farmers, particularly in Texas and California, have been trying..to get Congress to repeal it.
1964New Statesman 30 Oct. 649/1 Boycott factory farm food?.. Boycott factory farmers?.. The essential thing is to amend the Protection of Animals Act (1911) to cover *factory-farming techinques. 1968Ibid. 5 Jan. 10/3 Under conditions of intensive ‘factory’ farming, a lot of animals did suffer from true infections. 1968M. Pyke Food & Society v. 63 It is fashionable to sneer at intensive methods of livestock production; they are called ‘factory farming’.
1968Listener 30 May 692/2 The militant workers on the *factory floor have been voting to continue the strike until their leaders have wrung much more substantial concessions from the regime. 1971P. Worsthorne Socialist Myth 252 Factory-floor agitation..is one of the few active pleasures which an industrial society provides for its less well-endowed members.
1832D. Jerrold in N. & Q. (1963) Mar. 105/2 (title) The *Factory Girl. 1833S. Breck Recoll. (1877) App. 275 Factory-girls were introduced. 1845G. Murray Islaford 143 Factory-girl, who..contrives to sport a cotton parasol. 1850Lyell 2nd Visit U.S. II. 300 There had recently been a strike of the factory girls. 1940‘G. Orwell’ Inside Whale 122 The idea is to give the bored factory-girl or worn-out mother of five a dream⁓life.
1858Simmonds Dict. Trade, *Factory-hand..a person employed about a mill.
1930D. H. Lawrence Triumph of Machine, They will hear far, far away the last *factory hooter.
1846McCulloch Acc. Brit. Empire (1854) I. 699 The appointment of *Factory Inspectors has been productive of the greatest advantage.
1875E. Towers in N. & Q. (1963) Apr. 137/1 (title) Poor Joe the *Factory Lad.
1904Daily Chron. 23 Aug. 5/4 The over-decorated *factory-made furniture of Michigan and Ohio. Ibid. 28 Dec. 4/5 Cheapest line of factory-mades. 1905Ibid. 13 June 7/2 Practically all shoes are factory-made in the United States. 1939S. Spender tr. Toller's Pastor Hall iii. 102, I wear factory-made shoes nowadays. Not so beautiful and elegant as yours, but cheaper.
1845Budd Dis. Liver 349 The patient, a *factory-man, forty-seven years of age.
1851Baird's Cotton Spinner 31 It is based upon an error, though a rather common one amongst *Factory owners. 1934E. Pound Eleven New Cantos xxxiii. 13 That no factory-owner shall sit as a magistrate in cases concerning the spinning of cotton.
1949Wyndham Lewis Let. 6 Aug. (1963) 502 The U.S. *factory-owning class is very raw, arrogant, and ignorant.
1930N.Y. Zool. Soc. Bull. Jan.–Feb. 7 (caption) The *factory ship Lansing. 1958Times 12 Nov. 11/6 The cost of building a factory ship today at about {pstlg}4m. is almost prohibitive for any private whaling company. 1969N. W. Pirie Food Resources v. 135 Larger vessels, such as the 43,000 ton Vostok which the Russians are building as a factory ship.
1856Emerson Eng. Traits, Wealth Wks. (Bohn) II. 71 Roberts destroyed the *factory spinner.
1832Rep. Comm. Lab. Children in Parl. Papers 1831–2 XV. 413 Will you state how you account for the melancholy result which you attribute to the *factory system as at present conducted? 1843Ainsworth's Mag. V. 42 The factory system, the most deplorable ignorance.., have all excited attention in their turns.
1953World Fishing II. 10/1 (caption) United States *factory trawler ‘Ocean Life’. 1962J. Tunstall Fishermen ii. 45 The factory trawler quick freezes its catch at sea. Ibid., The first British factory trawler..started fishing in 1947.
1841–4Emerson Ess., Poet Wks. I. 161 Readers of poetry see the *factory-village and the railway.
1920H. Crane Let. 9 Nov. (1965) 45, I am sure I should not miss *factory whistles in Pisa or Morocco, but I frankly did miss them in Washington.
1848Mrs. Gaskell Mary Barton I. p. vi, The poor uneducated *factory-workers of Manchester. 1937Discovery Aug. 234/2 An unskilled factory worker.
1906Daily Chron. 28 May 3/4 Tired minds in a *factory-world. 1930D. H. Lawrence Nettles 26 Hooked fishes of the factory world.
Hence ˈfactoryship = factorship.
1836Fraser's Mag. XIV. 511 He who shot Sir Alexander Boswell is..duly fitted with a factoryship. |