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▪ I. faction, n.1|ˈfækʃən|
Also 6 faccion, fac(c)yon, 8 factione.
[a. F. faction, ad. L. factiōn-em, n. of action f. facĕre to do, make.
The L. senses are: 1. action or manner of making or doing; 2. a class (of persons) either professional or social; 3. a political party, chiefly in bad sense, an oligarchical clique. The popular F. representative of the word, which had only the first sense, appears in Eng. as fashion.]
†1. A doing or making: cf. fashion.
a. Manner of acting or behaving; an action, proceeding, course of conduct.
b. The action of doing or making something; an instance of this. Obs.
a.1559in Strype Ann. Ref. I. App. viii. 22 The Pope's Factions in refusinge to..confirme those which were duely electyd to Ecclesiasticall Dignities. 1607Topsell Four-f. Beasts (1673) 110 The factions of dogs for their own ease:—When they lie down, they turn round in a circle two or three times together. a1625Boys Wks. (1629) 628 The prisoner of Jesus Christ, in bonds not for any faction of yours or fault of his owne.
b.1612R. Sheldon Serm. St. Martin's 34 Their daily new makings, productions, factions, creations..of Christ. 1676R. Dixon Two Test. 29 Faction, when a Testator declares this to be his last Will and Testament. 1689Foxes & Firebrands iii. 216 Either by Creation or Faction from some pre-existing matter.
2. A class, sort, or set of persons.
†a. gen.
1530Proper Dyaloge (1863) 13 Dyuers facciones Of collegianes monkes and chanones Haue spred this region ouer all. 1591Shakes. Two Gent. iv. i. 37 This fellow were a King, for oure wilde faction. 1606― Tr. & Cr. ii. i. 130, I will..leaue the faction of fooles. 1606Holland Sueton. 187 He chose..5000..young men out of the commons, who beeing sorted into factions should learne certaine kinde of shouts and applauses.
b. spec. in Rom. Antiq. One of the companies or organizations of contractors for the chariot races in the circus.
1606Holland Sueton. 188 A chariot driver one of the greene-coate faction. 1788Gibbon Decl. & F. xl. IV. 69 The blue and green factions continued to afflict the reign of Justinian. 1869Lecky Europ. Mor. I. iii. 231 An enthusiastic partisan of one of the factions in the chariot races. 1882C. Elton Orig. Eng. Hist. xi. 308 The factions of the Blues and Greens were promised as many chariot⁓races as could be run between morning and night.
c. Sc. A division of a class in school; a section.
1700Extracts fr. Aberdeen Reg. 23 Oct. (Burgh Record Soc. 1872) 331 Item, in tyme of prayer that each decurio goe to the factione under his inspectione. 1870J. Burns Mem. W. C. Burns i. 20 He fought his way steadily..through the class till he reached..the highest ‘faction’. 1872D. Brown Life J. Duncan ii. 14 Maintaining his position in the first faction or bench,—each faction containing only four boys.
3. A party in the state or in any community or association. Always with opprobrious sense, conveying the imputation of selfish or mischievous ends or turbulent or unscrupulous methods.
1509Fisher Fun. Serm. C'tess. Richmond Wks. (1876) 296 If any faccyons or bendes were made..she..dyde boulte it oute. 1535Joye Apol. Tindale 33 Tindals faccion and his disciples..beleue lyke their master. 1561T. Norton Calvin's Inst. i. viii. (1634) 25 Core, Dathan, and Abiram, and all that wicked faction. 1581W. Stafford Exam. Compl. iii. (1876) 97 What continuall warres hath the Faction of the Arrians bene the occasion of? 1640Yorke Union Hon. 331 Hee..was Chiefe of the faction of the white Rose. 1667Pepys Diary (1877) V. 4 He hath joined himself with my Lady Castlemaine's faction. 1776Gibbon Decl. & F. I. xviii. 493 The public tranquillity was disturbed by a discontented faction. 1828D'Israeli Chas. I, I. vi. 157 Religion was running into factions. 1849Lewis Infl. Author. x. note 385, When a party abandons public and general ends, and devotes itself only to the personal interests of its members and leaders, it is called a faction, and its policy is said to be factious. 1868E. Edwards Raleigh I. vii. 108 The Marian faction and the Spanish faction had played into each other's hands.
b. transf. and fig.
1614Bp. Hall Recoll. Treat. 1063 The faction of evill is so much stronger in our nature, then that of Good. 1627P. Fletcher Locusts ii. ii, The spirit and flesh man in two factions rend. 1697Dryden Virg. Georg. iv. 94 If intestine Broils allarm the Hive..The Vulgar in divided Factions jar.
c. In Ireland applied to certain mutually hostile associations among the peasantry, consisting usually of the members of one particular family (which gives its name to the faction) and of their relatives and friends.
1830W. Carleton Irish Peasantry II. 29 His family was not attached to any faction—and when I use the word faction, it is in contradistinction to the word party—for faction, you know, is applied to a feud or grudge between Roman Catholics exclusively. 1838S. C. Hall Lights & Shad. Irish Life I. 287 There's as many as twenty of my faction at the Greybeard's stone.
4. ‘Party’ in the abstract; self-interested or turbulent party strife or intrigue; factious spirit or action; dissension. † to be in faction with: to be in league with.
1538Starkey England i. iv. 106 Ther should be facyon and partys, wyth grete ambycyon and enuy. a1652Brome Mad Couple ii. Wks. 1873 I. 33 The Rogue's in faction with 'em. 1682Burnet Rights Princes Pref. 13 An Equality among Pastors, cannot hold long without Faction. 1735–8Bolingbroke On Parties Ded. 16 But Faction hath no Regard to national Interests. 1795Burke Th. Scarcity Wks. 1842 II. 247 Idle tales, spread about by the industry of faction. 1841Emerson Lect., Conservative Wks. (Bohn) II. 276 The man of principle..even in the fury of faction is respected. 1860Hook Lives Abps. I. vi. 348 The popularity, which faction was obliged..to concede.
†b. A factious quarrel or intrigue. Obs.
1593R. Harvey Philad. 18 Hurdibras allayed the factions and quarrels that he found among his people. 1623Laud in Ellis Orig. Lett. ii. 263 III. 241 A faction about the choice of a newe Governour. 1661–2Pepys Diary 22 June, There are factions (private ones at Court) about Madam Palmer.
5. attrib. and Comb., as faction-fight, † faction-governor; faction-mad, faction-ridden, adjs.
1841in S. C. Hall Ireland I. 427 ‘The *faction-fights’..said an intelligent countryman..‘are a'most..gone off the face of the country’. 1890W. Smith's Dict. Gr. & Rom. Antiq. (ed. 3) I. 438 Even in Rome faction fights frequently took place towards the declining period of the empire.
1639Drummond of Hawthornden Vind. Hamiltons Wks. (1711) 238 Hamilton was not named by a private *faction-governour.
1784Cowper Task iii. 673 An overbearing race That, like the multitude made *faction-mad, Disturb good order.
1888Pall Mall G. 6 Oct. 1/2 The distracted and *faction ridden Republic of France.
▪ II. faction, n.2|ˈfækʃən|
[Blend of fact and fiction.]
A literary genre in which fictional narrative is developed from a basis of real events or characters; documentary fiction; similarly, in film-making, etc.; an instance of this.
1967in H. Atkinson Games (Publisher's note), This is the great work of faction of 1967—fiction based on fact, the novel form of our time. 1967Courier-Mail (Brisbane) 30 Dec. 7/1 An Australian has tried his hand at writing a ‘faction’ (half fact, half fiction) novel. 1969Times 13 Dec. (Sat. Rev.) p. iii/3 Novel reviewers who complain about the mongrel genre of ‘faction’ books have only themselves to blame. 1977Time 14 Feb. 76/2 Haley called his saga ‘faction’, and therefore it cannot be evaluated merely as history or merely as an entertainment. 1980Times 24 Apr. 8/1 He is an exponent of the dramatized documentary, sometimes known as ‘faction’, a method of film-making which has been severely criticized for blurring the dividing line between truth and fiction. 1981Daily Tel. 19 June 18 John Gouriet..delivered his..warning to the West. It took the form of his first novel, a ‘faction’..called ‘Checkmate the President’. 1983Listener 30 June 16/1 His Merseyside is vivid enough, every bit as ‘real’ as those fictionalised documentaries we are learning to call ‘faction’.
▪ III. † ˈfaction, v. Obs.
[f. faction n.1]
1. intr. To act in a factious or rebellious spirit; to intrigue; to mutiny. Also to faction it.
1609Bp. W. Barlow Answ. Nameless Cath. 45 Preaching to them, not factioning against them. 1656S. H. Gold. Law 81 They need not faction it for their places, being already plac't. 1682Southerne Loyal Brother iii, This rebel nature factions in my breast.
2. trans. To form into factions.
1656S. H. Gold. Law 35 They..divided and factioned the people to the Hazard and Ruine of al.
Hence † ˈfactioned ppl. a., † ˈfactioning vbl. n.
1653Holcroft Procopius Pref., How are they commonly so faction'd and sided, that their Relations are but their Interests. 1656S. H. Gold. Law 61 Which else by such factionings and rebellions might have been endangered. |