| 释义 |
▪ I. † thring, n.1 Obs.
Forms: α. 3–4 þring, þ-, thryng, 4 thring. β. 3 þrung (ü).
[f. OE. ᵹeþring neut. press, crowd, tumult, f. þring-an to press, crowd. The β-forms probably belong here.]
1. A crowd, press, or throng of people.
[a1000Andreas 368 (Gr.) Þæt hi þe eað mihton ofer yða ᵹeþring drohtað adreoᵹan.] c1205Lay. 12448 Heo comen to hustinge mid alle heore þringe. Ibid. 27524 Amidden þan þrunge [c 1275 þringe] þer heo þihkest weoren. a1225Ancr. R. 160 Engel to mon ine þrunge ne scheawude him neuer ofte. c1275Wom. Samaria 72 in O.E. Misc. 86 Monye..vrnen vt of þe bureuh myd wel Muchel þrynge. 13..K. Alis. 2533 Aboutyn heom they can go; Parforce smyten into the thrynge. 13..Sir Beues (A.) 1365 Vnneþe i scapede among þat þring, For to bringe þe tiding!
2. Pressure, tightness; some kind of disease.
a1300Cursor M. 11821 (Cott.) Þe scab ouer-gas his bodi all, In his sides him held þe thring.
▪ II. † thring, n.2 Obs.
[app. an altered or erroneous form of dring (also used by Layamon), dreng, perh. influenced by thring v.]
= dreng.
c1205Lay. 6725 In to þere burh senden æfter þon hehste þringe [c 1275 after on eorl] Þat he comen to þen kinge. Ibid. 31455 Þa þringes norðerne makeden hine to kinge. Ibid. 31740 Þer weoren niȝe þusunde ðringes norðerne islaȝen. 1861Pearson Early & Mid. Ages Eng. 201 Drenghs or thrings, owing special service to ride as couriers or to keep horses or dogs, were settled on certain estates.
▪ III. thring, v. Obs. exc. dial.|θrɪŋ|
Forms: see below.
[OE. þringan, þrang (pl. þrungon), þrungen. Com. Teut. = OS. thringan (MLG., MDu., Du. dringen), OHG. dringan (MHG., Ger. dringen), ON. þryngva, -gja (pa. tense þrǫng, þrungom, pa. pple. þrungenn), cf. Goth. þreihan (pa. tense þráih, þraihum, pa. pple. þraihans):—OTeut. *þriŋh(w)-: þriŋg(w)-; cf. Lith. trènkti to shake, strike, trànksmas uproar, scrimmage, Lett. treekt to shatter. The Gothic þreihan passed into a different conjugational class: cf. thee v.1 In ON. þryngva was displaced by the weak þrøngva, -gja: cf. Sw. tränga, Da. trænge.]
A. Illustration of Forms.
1. inf. and pres. stem. 1–5 þring- (2 dring-), 3–5 þryng- (3 þrung-), 4–6 thryng- (5 dryng-), 4–7 (dial. -9) thring.
c888K. ælfred Boeth. xvi. §1 Ne þurfon ᵹe..him æfter þringan. a1225Ancr. R. 252 Dumbe bestes..hwon heo beoð asailed..heo þrungeð alle togederes. a1250Owl & Night. 796 An eiþer oþer faste þringe. c1374Chaucer Troylus iv. 38 (66) He gan in thrynge. 14..Lybeaus Disc. (Kaluza) 2187 (MS. C.) Þyder þey gonne þrynge. c1450Drynge [see B. 2]. 1570Levins Manip. 135/39 To Thring, artare, stringere. 1606tr. Rollock's Lect. on 1 Thess. 30 (Jam.) How men and wemen did thring in. 1871Waddell Ps. ii. 9 Ye sal thring them wi' a gad o' airn.
2. pa. tense. (α) sing. 1–5 þrang, 3–5 thrange, 7 (9 dial.) thrung, 4– thrang; pl. 1 þrungon, 2–3 -en.
a800Andreas 126 (Gr.) Duguð samnade, hæðne hildfrecan heapum þrungon. c1000ælfric Hom. II. 394 Þæt folc hine þrang. a1225Juliana 67 Þrungen euchan biuoren oðer. c1375Cursor M. 24359 (Fairf.) Þe nailis þat him þrange on rode. c1400Destr. Troy 11135 Two thawsaund full þroly, þai þrang out of lyue. 1470–85Malory Arthur x. xli. 479 He thrange in to the thyckest prees. 1535Thrang [see B. 5]. 1607Dekker Knt.'s Conjur. (1842) 41 In therefore they thrung, some wading vp to the knees. 1904Thrung [see B. 5].
(β) 1 þrǫng, 3–5 þrong(e, (4 pl. þrongen), 4–6 thronge, 4–7 throng.
c893Þrong [see B. 2]. 13..E.E. Allit. P. B. 1775 Þay þrongen þeder. c1374Chaucer Anel. & Arc. 55 But [Mars] throng now here now there amongis hem both. c1400Song Roland 838 They preissid, and throng, And thrusten out. c1400Þronge, a 1440 thronge [see B. 5]. c1520Adam Bel, etc. 224 in Hazl. E.P.P. II. 147 To the gate faste he throng. 1526Thronge [see B. 1 b].
3. pa. pple. (α) 1 þrunge, 3 i-þrunge, 3–4 thrungen (4 -un, 4–5 -yn, 4–6 -in(e); 5–7 thrung, 6 throung.
a1250Owl & Night. 38 Wonne þu art to me i-þrunge. a1300E.E. Psalter lxxii. 21 [lxxiii. 22] And i am to noghte..Thrungen. 1377Langl. P. Pl. B. v. 517 A thousand of men þo thrungen togyderes Criede vpward to cryst. c1400Destr. Troy 11723 Twenty thowsaund thristy, þrungyn togedur. 1513Throung [see B. 5 b].
(β) 4–5 þrong-en (-un), 5–6 throng(e.
1382Wyclif Luke viii. 42 The while he wente, he was throngun of the cumpeny. c1400Þrongen [see B. 1 c]. c1400Hymns Virg. 13 Whanne þou were in þraldom þrong. 1435Thronge [see B. 3]. a1550Throng [see B. 1 c].
(γ) 5 þryngid.
c1400[see B. 5 (c)].
B. Signification.
†1. intr. To press, crowd, throng; to move or gather in a crowd; to assemble. Also fig. Obs.
a800[see A. 2 α]. a1000Phœnix 339 (Gr.) Ðonne fuᵹla cynn on healfa ᵹehwone heapum þringað..þone halᵹan hringe beteldað flyhte on lyfte. a1175Cott. Hom. 237 Of þe folce we siggeð þat hit..elce deȝie þicce þringeð. a1225[see A. 1]. a1300Cursor M. 24637 (Gött.) Quen mi sun ras..All till his graue [Cott. thrugh] þai thrang. a1366Chaucer Rom. Rose 656 For there was many a brid singing, Throughout the yerde al thringing. c1400Destr. Troy 470 Mony thoughtes full thro thrange in hir brest. 1513Douglas æneis iv. vii. 58 The damecellis fast to thar lady thringis.
†b. trans. To crowd around or upon, to throng (a person). Obs.
c1000[see A. 2 α]. c1000Ags. Gosp. Mark v. 24 Him fyliᵹde mycel meniᵹeo and þrungon [c 1160 Hatton Gosp. þrungen] hine. Ibid. Luke viii. 45 Þas meneᵹeo þe ðringað. 1382Wyclif Luke viii. 45 Comaundour, cumpanyes thringen, and turmentyn thee. 1526Tindale Mark v. 24 And moche people folowed hym, and thronge hym.
†c. trans. To press or crowd together (persons or things). Chiefly in pa. pple. (which may belong to a). Obs.
c1400Destr. Troy 5748 With seven thowsaund þro men þrongen to-gedur. c1460Towneley Myst. xii. 416 It was a mery song; I dar say that he broght foure & twenty to a long..so many he throng On a heppe. a1550Hye Way to Spyttel Ho. 171 in Hazl. E.P.P. IV. 30 Lyke as bestes togyder they be throng, Bothe lame, and seke, and hole them among.
2. intr. To press or push forward, as against or through a crowd, or against obstacles; to push or force one's way hastily or eagerly; to press, rush, hasten, push on. Now dial.
c893K. ælfred Oros. v. xii. §8 He for þære ondrædinge þæs þe swiþor on þæt weorod þrong. c1205Lay. 9421 Ouer þene wal heo clumben & binnen heo þrungen. c1374[see A. 1]. c1400Destr. Troy 2362 He þrong into þicke wodes, þester within. c1450Hymns Virg. 122 For alle the stonys grett and smale..All they schalle togedyr drynge, And euerychon to oþer dynge. c1470Henry Wallace iv. 454 Thrys apon fute he thrang throuch all the rout. 1470–85Malory Arthur vii. xxxi. 262 He thrang here & there, & so with grete payne he gat out of the prees. 1607[see A. 2 α]. 1638Rutherford Lett., to Lady Robertland 4 Jan., That we may thring in, stooping low. 1823Carlyle Let. in Froude Life (1882) I. xi. 194, I shall just thring on here till I get desperate.
†3.
a. intr. To press hard, use oppression.
b. trans. To oppress, harass, distress, afflict; to repress. Obs.
c1175Lamb. Hom. 43 He walde anuppon his underlinges mid wohe motien and longe dringan [? ðringan]. c1205Lay. 10652 Carrais him on þrong and mid spere him of-stong. a1250[see A. 1]. c1375Cursor M. 11821 (Fairf.) On his [Herod's] heued he has þe skalle, Þe scabbe ouer-gas his bodi alle, Fast þai be-gynne him to þringe. 1435Misyn Fire of Love i. xviii. 40 Nouþer with resone it is restrenyd nor with drede it is thronge nor with dome tempyd. 1871[see A. 1].
†4. trans. To press together, squeeze, compress; to crush, bruise. Obs.
13..Cursor M. 900 (Cott.) Þou sal waite womman for to sting, And sco sal yiet þi hede thring. 13..St. Mergrete 220 in Horstm. Altengl. Leg. (1881) 231 Sche set hir fot in his nek, to þe erþe sche him þrong.
5. To thrust or drive with pressure or violence; to cast, throw, or fling violenty; to hurl, dash, knock; usually with prep. or advb. extension as in, on, out, through, up. Now dial.
a1300E.E. Psalter lxxvii[i]. 59 God herd..And to noghte he thrange swythe Iraele. c1330R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 52 Þei did his iȝene out þring. c1400Rom. Rose 7419 In his sleve he gan to thringe A rasour sharpe & wel bitinge. c1400Destr. Troy 6516 Thretty of þe þroest he þronge out of lyue. a1440Sir Eglam. 1023 He to the erthe theme thronge. c1470Henry Wallace xi. 621 About he turnd, and wp his armys thrang; On thai traytours with knychtlik fer he dang. 1483Cath. Angl. 386/1 To Thrynge owte, expremere. 1500–20Dunbar Poems lxxii. 46 Vneiss..he mycht sustene That crowne, on thrungin with crueltie. 1535Stewart Cron. Scot. (Rolls) II. 247 Ilk ane of thame out throw him thrang a knyfe,..Thair he la deid syne. 1557Peebles Burgh Rec. (1872) 237 To thring him self throw the mercat becaus it wes thrang,..and [he] culd na vther wayis evaid vntuichit. 1584T. Bastard Chrestoleros (1880) 97 Nature which headlong into life doth thring vs. 1904M. Hewlett Queen's Quair ii. x. 321 She..just let all go, and thrung herself face to the wall.
b. With down: To throw down by force, thrust or knock down, overthrow (lit. or fig.); to bring to ruin. (See also down-thrings s.v. down adv. 36.)
c1375Sc. Leg. Saints xxvii. (Machor) 1141 For sperer of his maieste fra his Joy sall donne thrungine be. c1475Rauf Coilȝear 199 Thay threip that I thring doun of the fattest [deer]. 1513Douglas æneis iii. viii. 141 Doun throung vndir this mont Enchelades body..lyis half bront. 1549Compl. Scot. i. 19 The souerane consel of the diuyne sapiens..doune thringis them fra the hie trone of ther imperial dominations. 1570Satir. Poems Reform. xix. 35 Idolatrie but reuth he did down thring. 1584T. Hudson Du Bartas' Judith i. in Sylvester's Du B. (1620) 695 The vassels of that onely King, That Thunder sends and scepters down doth thring. 1871Waddell Ps. xlvii. 3 He sal thring down the folk aneth us.
†c. To thrust or crush (into a confined space); to shut up, confine, bind; fig. to confine, restrict (quot. c 1374); in quot. c 1400, to bind tightly. Obs.
c1250Death 176 in O.E. Misc. 178 Þu schal in þe putte faste beon iþrunge. c1374Chaucer Boeth. ii. pr. vii. 44 (Camb. MS.) Yowre glorye þat is so narwh and so streyte Ithrongen in to so lytul bowndes. c1375Sc. Leg. Saints xxxvi. (Baptista) 930 Herrod..petre gert in presone thring. c1380Wyclif Wks. (1880) 319 Disciples of crist..weren not þringen in siche couentis. c1400Song Roland 290 His kneys coueryd with platis.., his thies thryngid with silk. c1440Bone Flor. 1370 They bonde the false..And in pryson caste them,..And ther yn can them thrynge.
†6. intr. To make way (through something) by pressure; to pierce, penetrate; to burst out. Obs.
a1300Cursor M. 16438 Þai crond him wit thorn, Þat thoru his hefd thrang. 13..Guy Warw. (A.) 1509 Þat gode swerd þurchim þrang, Gwichard wald abide nouȝt lang. c1400Destr. Troy 9641 The ledis on the land..thrappit full throly, thryngyng thurgh sheldis. c1460Towneley Myst. xvi. 240 My guttys will outt thryng Bot I this lad hyng.
†b. trans. To pierce. Obs.
c1485Digby Myst. iv. 672 Se how his hede with thornys is thronge!
Hence ˈthringing vbl. n.; also ˈthringer, one who ‘thrings’ (downthringer, an overthrower).
1483Cath. Angl. 385/2 A Thryngyn[g] downe, articulus, pressura. a1572Knox Hist. Ref. Wks. 1846 I. 73 The down thringars of God his glore,..doctouris in idolatrie. a1584Montgomerie Cherrie & Slae 935 With wringing and thringing, His hands on vther dang. 1637Rutherford Lett., to J. Gordon 14 Mar., There is no little thrusting and thringing to thrust in at Heaven's gates. |