| 释义 |
▪ I. † threst, thrast, n. Obs.
[f. OE. þrǽstan: see next.]
1. Torment, affliction, trouble, hardship.
13..Cursor M. 4283 (Cott.) For o quat pine es herder threst Þen tharn þe thing men luues best. Ibid. 11829 Ydropsi held him sua in threst, Þat him thoght his bodi suld brest. Ibid. 29168 Þai sal..Bren in þe fier of purgatori,..Bot efter-ward þat herd threst, Sal þai be borun in to rest. 1340Ayenb. 121 Þe yefþe of drede is þe doreward to þe greate þreste, þet is..to þe greate þreapninge of godes dom. Ibid. 183 Þe guode kniȝt..þet..heþ y-byine uele þrestes mid grat wil and grat honger.
2. A thrust, a sharp stroke; the stroke or dart of lightning, a thunderbolt.
13..E.E. Allit. P. B. 952 Þe þik þunder þrast þirled hem ofte. 13..Gaw. & Gr. Knt. 1443 For þre at þe fyrst þrast he þryȝt to þe erþe. a1400–50Alexander 554 Þe liȝt lemand late laschis fra þe heuyn, Thonere thrastis ware thra thristid þe welkyn.
▪ II. † threst, thrast, v. Obs.
Forms: α. 1 þrǽstan, 3 þræsten, þreaste, 3–4 þreste(n, 4 þrest, 4–5 threste, 4–6 threst. β. 3 þrasten, 4 þrast, 5–6 thrast, Sc. thraist. pa. tense. α. 3 þreaste (þærste), 3–4 þreste, 4 threste, 4–5 threst, 5–6 þrested. β. 3–4 þraste (3 þarste), 4–6 thraste, thrast (5 tharst). pa. pple. 1 þrǽst, þrǽsted, 4–5 þrast, 5 (y)threst, 5–6 thrast(e (5 threstyd), 6 threst.
[OE. þrǽstan to writhe, twist, torture, torment, constrain, representing an OTeut. type *þraistjan, not known in the other Teut. languages.
OE. þrǽstan had no etymological connexion with thrust, early ME. þrusten, þrysten, þristen, from ON. þrýsta (OTeut. *þrûstjan), nor did the original senses of the two agree. But, app. from the contiguity of the two forms þrest, and þrist, and possibly from the development in both vbs. of the notion of constraint or pressure, the OE. vb. appears to have been, by 1200, identified with the Norse vb., so that in ME. they were treated more or less as parallel forms of one and the same word, and actually appear in some cases as variant MS. readings. In ME., thrust, thrist was esp. northern and north midland, and threst predominantly southern, where it still survived in 1542. The past tense thraste is here placed under threst, to which in form it belongs; but it is possible that it was also used by some whose present tense was thrist, or thrust.]
(The OE. sense 1. intr. to twist, writhe, 2. trans. to torture, torment, plague, afflict, 3. to compress, constrain, compel, did not come down into ME.)
1. intr. To press (in, out, together, etc.); to push one's way; to crowd; = thrust v. 3.
αc1205Lay. 23372 Mine cnihtes balde scullen þræsten [c 1275 þreaste] bi-foren me. a1225St. Marher. 9 In his ihurnd heauet..þreaste smeorðrinde smoke ut. a1225Ancr. R. 220 (MS. C) ‘Irruerunt super me’ þet is, heo þresten in uppon me. Ibid. 314 One schipe þet haueð monie þurles, þer þet water þrest in. 13..Sir Beues (A.) 4157 So harde þai þreste to gedre þo, Þat here gerþes borste ato. c1386Chaucer Knt.'s T. 1754 He thurgh the thikkeste of the throng gan threste. c1500Melusine 289 The valyaunt geffray..smote his hors with his sporys, & thrested in to myddes of his enemys.
βc1205Lay. 26318 Moni þusenden þrasten [c 1275 þreste] ut of telden. Ibid. 26633 Þer after comen þrasten [c 1275 comen þreaste] þritto þusen[d] anan. c1375Cursor M. 19462 (Fairf.) Þen sulde alle to him þrast. c1380Sir Ferumb. 1977 Forþ sche þraste among hem alle. c1386Chaucer Doctor's T. 260 But right anon a thousand peple in thraste To saue the knyght. a1400–50Alexander 2939 Ȝit he threw to þe thrid & thrast inn þare-eftir. c1440Partonope 7053 Forth into the Reynes he tharst And aboute hym leyde on fast.
2. trans. To pierce, stab; to give (one) a thrust; = thrust v. 5.
c1205Lay. 30853 He com him baften and imong al þan þrunge þærsten him in þan ruge. 1508Fisher 7 Penit. Ps. xxxii. Wks. (1876) 30 Lyke as he hadde ben thraste thrugh the herte with a thorne. 1526R. Whitford Martiloge 138 After all she was thrast unto the herte with a swerde. 1532― Werke for Househ. G iij, One of the sowdyours made a wounde in his syde, and thraste him to the herte with a spere.
3. To push forcibly or violently; = thrust v. 1, 6.
c1275Lay. 1898 Gemagog..þraste [c 1205 þudde] Corineum framward his breoste. c1325Song of Yesterday 69 in E.E.P. (1862) 135 Þenne schal vr bodies in eorþe be þrast. 13..K. Alis. 3326 Beste He can his launce thorugh threste [Bodl. MS. þrest]. 1340Ayenb. 204 Hy þresten out hare eȝen. c1374Chaucer Troylus ii. 1106 (1155) And yn here bosom þe lettre doun he þraste. c1400Rom. Rose 6825 By my treget, I gadre and threste The gret tresour into my cheste. c1430Syr Gener. (Roxb.) 8740 The cheke in twoo he brast, And his neke on sondre thrast. 1484Caxton Fables of Auian ii, The Egle..thrested his clowes in to the tortoses bely. 1508Fisher 7 Penit. Ps. cii. Wks. (1876) 171 Now we be thraste downe in to a very streyght angyll. c1510More Picus Wks. 22 As a thefe betwene two theues threst. c1530L. Cox Rhet. (1899) 61 He thrast his hande into the fyre. 1534Whitinton Tullyes Offices iii. (1540) 131 In no wyse he ought to threst downe that man that proueth maystryes with hym.
4. To press, squeeze; to crush; = thrust v. 4.
c1410Master of Game (MS. Digby 182) xxiv, If..þe foote and þe knees haue ythrest doune wele þe erth and ypressede þe grasse a doune,..it is a grete deere and an heuy. a1450Tundale's Vis. (Wagner) 1357 He thrust [MS. A, thrast] hem, as men dose Grapes, to wryng out the wose. 1494Fabyan Chron. vii. 417 At whiche coronacion was so excedynge prease, that a knyght, called sir Iohn Bakwell, was threstyd to deth.
b. To crowd; to cram; = thrust 3 c.
c1400Destr. Troy 4129 Two and thretty thried shippes þrast full of pepull. 1542Udall Erasm. Apoph. 49 b, [They] poure their throtes and bealies thrasting full.
c. fig. To oppress, vex.
1513Douglas æneis i. v. 58 Sen sic thochtis the thraistis [rime traistis].
Hence † thresting vbl. n., pressing, squeezing, crushing.
1481Caxton Reynard xli. (Arb.) 111 The threstyng that he suffred in his colyons made hym so faynt. 1483― Gold. Leg. 245/2 The deken fyll [= fell]..by thympulsion and threstyng of the paynems.
▪ III. threst(e
obs. ff. thirst. |