| 释义 |
extraordinary, a., adv., and n.|ɛkˈstrɔːdɪnərɪ, ɛkstrəˈɔːdɪnərɪ|
Also (5 extraordynary, 6 -ordinair), 6–7 -ordinarie.
[ad. L. extraordināri-us, f. phrase extrā ordin-em outside (the usual) order: see extra- prefix and order, ordinary. Cf. F. extraordinaire.]
A. adj.
1. Out of the usual or regular course or order; often in expressed opposition to ordinary. † Also, acting in an unusual manner; partial. extraordinary tithe: (see quot. 1888).
c1460Fortescue Abs. & Lim. Mon. (1714) 39 The Kyngs yerly expencs stondyn in chargs Ordynarye, and in chargs Extraordynary. 1553Gardiner True Obedience 43 b, Do we not se..the chief iudge, when he is required to bee present in extraordinary judgements. 1592Babington Genesis xxxvii. 145 b, If God be extraordinarie to Moses, euen Aaron..will be offended. 1607Topsell Serpents (1653) 728 Thus much may suffice for the ordinary and extraordinary generation of Toads. 1642Fuller Holy & Prof. St. ii. ix. 84 His Sermons are of an ordinary length except on an extraordinary occasion. 1745De Foe's Eng. Tradesman (1841) I. vii. 49 Let him..take some extraordinary measures to get in his debts. 1888J. Williams in Encycl. Brit. XXIII. 412 These [tithes] are..divided..into ordinary and extraordinary, the latter being a tithe at a heavier rate charged upon hop and market gardens.
†b. Not according to rule, ‘out of order’. Obs.
a1647Clarendon Hist. Reb. viii. (1843) 519/1 If they proceeded in a martial, or any other extraordinary way, without any form of law. 1709Strype Ann. Ref. I. lvii. 627 The order of calling and making of ministers now used in the Church of England, is extraordinary.
†c. Mus. = accidental a. 5. Obs.
1597Morley Introd. Mus. 157 They..set one ♭ at the beginning of the verses of euerie part, and if there happen anie extraordinary flat they..set the signe before it. 1731G. Keller Rules for Playing Thorow-Bass in W. Holder Harmony 192 If the extream sharp or an extraordinary sharp Note requires a natural Flat 6th, you [etc.].
d. Optics. extraordinary refraction: that not following the general law. extraordinary ray: one influenced by extraordinary refraction. extraordinary wave: (see quot.).
1830Herschel Stud. Nat. Phil. i. ii. (1831) 31 The other ray..is..said to have undergone extraordinary refraction. 1872–3Tyndall Light iii. (1885) 111 The other [beam]..is..called the extraordinary ray. 1883Glazebrook Phys. Optics xi. 291 An extraordinary wave [consists] of light which is plane polarised in a plane at right angles to the principal plane.
2. Of officials, persons employed, etc.: Outside of or additional to the regular staff; not belonging to the ‘ordinary’ or fully recognized class of such persons; supernumerary. Often with the notion of being specially employed for a temporary purpose. Now chiefly in official titles, where the n. usually precedes.
envoy extraordinary: formerly a minister sent on some special diplomatic business; now, merely the designation of the second class of diplomatic ministers, ranking next to the ‘ambassadors’; the term no longer practically implying a temporary or special mission. The physicians (or surgeons, etc.) extraordinary, in royal households, rank below those styled ‘in ordinary’; similarly an extraordinary professor (L. professor extraordinarius) in a German university is inferior in status to the ‘ordinary’ professor.
1585J. Higgins tr. Junius' Nomenclator 484/2 Milites adventitii..Souldiers of another country that come to serue for paye; extraordinarie souldiers. 1653Milton Hirelings (1659) 79. 1665 Boyle Occas. Refl. (1675) 354 The first Audience of the Russian Extraordinary Embassadour, at which he made his Emperour's Presents. 1712Steele Spect. No. 472 ⁋9 Her Majesty's Oculist Extraordinary. 1720Swift Mod. Educ. Wks. 1755 II. ii. 33 His brother Horace is ambassador extraordinary to France. 1768Blackstone Comm. iii. xxiii. III. 351 Another species of extraordinary juries, is the jury to try an attaint. 1890Dict. Nat. Biog. XXIII. 334 [Sir W. Gull] was created..in Jan. 1872..physician extraordinary to the queen, and in 1887 physician in ordinary.
3. Of a kind not usually met with; exceptional; unusual; singular. Now with emotional sense, expressing astonishment, strong admiration or the contrary.
1580Sidney Arcadia i. ii. (1590) 8 The house..was built of faire and strong stone, not affecting..any extraordinarie kinde of finenes. 1596Shakes. 1 Hen. IV, iii. i. 41 These signes haue markt me extraordinarie. 1665Sir T. Herbert Trav. (1677) 40 During the Night..we saw a perfect Rainbow, which was extraordinary. 1703W. Dampier Voy. III. 81 Our English count the Green Turtle very extraordinary Food. a1704T. Brown Sat. Antients Wks. 1730 I. 14 Those extraordinary men, who have..gone before us. 1794S. Williams Vermont 126 Several instances equally extraordinary. 1858Lytton What will he do i. v, She is an extraordinary child. 1875Hamerton Intell. Life ii. i. 49 The extraordinary power of representation..of Meissonier.
4. Exceeding what is usual in amount, degree, extent, or size. Now with emotional sense as in 3.
1572Lament. Lady Scot. in Scot. Poems 16th C. II. 251 Zour drinking extraordinair Make oft zour wyfis and bairns euill to fair. 1588Fraunce Lawiers Log. Ded. ⁋b, Their extraordinary skill in making of obligations. 1634Brereton Trav. (1844) 8 No charge in housekeeping extraordinary, nor no entertainment extraordinary. 1656Bramhall Replic. i. 6 The extraordinary influence of divine Grace. 1725De Foe Voy. round World (1840) 7 We took in a very extraordinary store of provisions. 1798Ferriar Illustr. Sterne iv. 111 An extraordinary nose always carries with it extraordinary greatness. 1860Tyndall Glac. i. xi. 84 The sun met us here with extraordinary power.
†5. Additional to, over and above what is usual; = extra. Often following the n.; in which case the adj. cannot always be distinguished from the adv. Obs.
1649W. Blithe Eng. Improv. Impr. (1653) 182 To lay out a five shillings or a noble extraordinary in every Acre. 1658Whole Duty Man x. §20. 85 He must..support him, yea, though it be by his own extraordinary labour. 1664Pepys Diary (1879) III. 22, I am in good hopes to get two or {pstlg}300 per annum extraordinary. c1710C. Fiennes Diary (1888) 110 You pay a penny Extra-ordinary for being brought from tunbridge town. 1767A. Young Farmer's Lett. 67 They may hire a labourer extraordinary. 1777Howard Prisons Eng. (1780) 99 They have an extraordinary allowance of near a penny a day. 1802–16Mrs. Sherwood Susan Gray 54 Spending a few extraordinary shillings. 1812Examiner 31 Aug. 546/2 By the help of a glass extraordinary after dinner.
†B. adv.
a. = extraordinarily in various senses.
b. = extra adv.; cf. A. 5. Obs.
a.1632J. Hayward tr. Biondi's Eromena 72 Which Countrey..being extraordinarie hilly. 1642Fuller Holy & Prof. St. ii. xiv. 102 Sometimes ordinary scholars make extraordinary good Masters. 1652Sir C. Cotterell Cassandra iii. (1676) 521 Who..rose extraordinary early. 1709Strype Ann. Ref. I. liii. 575 [He] had Mary Queen of Scots in custody, which..was extraordinary expensive to him. 1778Eliza Warwick I. 241 My jewels were extraordinary fine.
b.1679Plot Staffordsh. (1686) 376 The Master turning his Key in any of the Servants locks but once extraordinary, the Servants themselves cannot come at their charge.
C. n.
1. Something extraordinary; an extraordinary quality or bearing; an extraordinary action, incident, etc.
†a. sing. (obs.)
1589Puttenham Eng. Poesie i. xx. (Arb.) 58 Princes, whose high estates do require in their countenance, speech and expence, a certaine extraordinary. 1654Jer. Taylor Real Pres. xi. ⁋8. 205 That..every day..the same thing should be done, and yet..be called a miracle, that is, a daily extraordinary. 1754Richardson Grandison VI. l. 304 She..made it [her behaviour] look like an extraordinary.
b. pl. Now rare.
1650Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. (ed. 2) i. vi. 17 The greater part [of their Adages] will..be esteemed no extraordinaries. 1739J. Trapp Right. over-much (1758) 11 To place much religion..in extraordinaries. 1809Wellington in Gurw. Disp. IV. 530 Send two squadrons of hussars to Cevolla, and desire them to report all extraordinaries to you. 1844R. Wardlaw Lect. Proverbs (1869) II. 13 His little stock of common-places, and of such extraordinaries as he has chanced to pick up. 1844Regul. & Ord. Army 299 The blank lines are left for any extraordinaries that may occur.
c. pl. Extraordinary receipts or payments. The pl. of the n. occurs where we should expect the adj. simply. Obs. exc. arch.
1599Life Sir T. More in Wordsw. Eccl. Biog. (1853) II. 121 His ordinarie alms..amounted yearlie to one thousand pounds; his extraordinaries were as much. 1630R. Johnson's Kingd. & Commw. 367 His ordinary Revenues are thus collected..What his extraordinaries may amount unto, cannot be knowne. 1865Carlyle Fredk. Gt. xix. viii, Not only the king's ordinary revenues, but the extraordinaries.
2. = extra n.
†a. An extra dish, a delicacy; an extra fee or expense. Chiefly pl. Obs.
1660Blount Boscobel i. (1680) 49 As an Extraordinary..Penderel's wife made..a Posset. 1664Pepys Diary 30 Sept., A few extraordinaries for the house. 1664Evelyn Mem. (1857) I. 408 A salary of {pstlg}1200 a year..besides Extraordinaries. 1732Acc. Workhouses 47 All tradesmen's bills, and extraordinaries paid by the overseers. 1776Wesley Let. 12 Aug., Desire none of those extraordinaries.
b. Mil. (see quot. 1853).
a1797H. Walpole Geo. II (1847) III. vi. 156 Munchausen..presented an ample bill of extraordinaries for forage, etc. 1816Gentl. Mag. LXXXVI. i. 257 This estimate was..exclusive of the extraordinaries. 1853Stocqueler Mil. Encycl., Extraordinaries (of the army), the allowances to troops beyond the gross pay in the pay-office. Extraordinaries comprehend the expenses for barracks, marches, encampments, staff, &c.
†3.
a. An extraordinary envoy.
b. A supernumerary official. Obs.
1616N. Brent tr. Sarpi's Hist. Counc. Trent (1676) 585 Whensoever any extraordinaries came to Trent..the Prelates took occasion to talk. 1622Donne To Sir T. Lucy 16 Aug. Lett. (1651) 188 There arrived an Extraordinary from Spain..& he brings the title of Count, to Rodrigo de Calderon. 1671F. Phillips Reg. Necess. 139 Besides not a few extraordinaries and such as have no pay or quarter..attending upon the King.
▸ extraordinary rendition n. the seizure and transportation of a criminal (esp. terrorist) suspect, esp. for covert interrogation in a country considered to have less rigorous regulations for the humane treatment of prisoners; an instance of this.
1983M. C. Bassiouni Internat. Extradition I. v. 11 The United States increasingly resorts to *extraordinary rendition devices, including abduction, thus circumventing traditional extradition processes. 1990National Law Jrnl. 10 Dec. 14/4 Alternatively, should the U.S. armed forces capture Mr. Hussein as part of an armed conflict, he could be transported to the United States for prosecution. Such ‘extraordinary renditions’ are not unknown, and the U.S. courts will not look behind the fact that a defendant is on U.S. soil and within the jurisdiction of the court unless the means used to get the defendant to the courthouse ‘shock the conscience’ of the court. 2005J. K. Harbury Truth, Torture, & Amer. Way i. 9 The Bush administration defends and continues the practice of extraordinary renditions. |