| 释义 |
▪ I. thrall, n.1 (a.1) Now arch. or Hist.|θrɔːl|
Forms: α. 1 þrǽl, 2–4 þrēl (pl. þrēles, þrelles), 4 þrell, þrelle, threll. β. 2–3 þral (pl. 3–5 þrāles, þralles), (4 þrale), 4–5 þrall, 4–8 thral, 4– thrall (6 thrawl, thraule, Sc. thraill). γ. 4–5 tharl, 5 tharlle. See also thrill n.2
[OE. þrǽl, a. ON. þrǽll (Da. træl, Sw. träll), perh.:—prehist. ON. *þrāhilar:—OTeut. *þrā̆hiloz, f. OTeut. root þreh- to run. Cf. OHG. dregil, drigil ‘servant’, prop. ‘runner’. Branch II is from thrall v.: cf. M.Da. and Norw. træl drudgery, f. trælle to drudge.]
I.
1. One who is in bondage to a lord or master; a villein, serf, bondman, slave; also, in vaguer use, a servant, subject; transf. one whose liberty is forfeit; a captive, prisoner of war.
αc950Lindisf. Gosp. Mark x. 44 And sua huæ seðe wælle in iuh forðmest wosa bie allra ðræl. 991Laws of æthelred ii. c. 5 §1 ᵹyf Englisc man Deniscne ðræl ofslea, ᵹylde hine mid punde. c1175Lamb. Hom. 47 Heo [i.e. Sunday] on eorðe ȝeueð reste to alle eorðe þrelles, wepmen and wifmen of heore þrel weorkes. Ibid. 123 Herien we ure drihten þe..makede us freo of þeowan and of þrelan his ahȝene bern. a1225Ancr. R. 130 ‘Hwon ȝe habbeð al wel idon’ he seið,..‘siȝȝeð þæt ȝe beoð unnute þrelles’. 1340Ayenb. 19 He deþ manhode to þe dyeule and becomþ his þrel. 1375Barbour Bruce i. 274 Nane can tell The halle condicioun off A threll. Ibid. iii. 220 Serwandis and threllis mad he fre.
βc1200Vices & Virt. 17 Ðe ðe hlauerd betahte his þralle. c1200Trin. Coll. Hom. 121 To lesen þe þrales of þralshipe. 1297R. Glouc. (Rolls) 3010 Þe king..Nom of him sikernesse to be is þral euere mo. 1415Hoccleve To Sir J. Oldcastle 98 Where is thy knyghtly herte, art thow his thral? 1566Drant Wail. Hierim. v, Our yonge men, lyke to vylaine thrawles, in drudgerie did grinde. 1612T. Taylor Comm. Titus i. 4 (1619) 68 A Redeemer, purchasing us being captiues, and thralls to Sathan. 1748Thomson Cast. Indol. i. xi, Outcast of Nature, Man! the wretched thrall Of bitter⁓dropping sweat. 1867Burton Hist. Scot. (1873) I. xi. 362 The thralls or personal slaves.
γa1500Spir. Remedies in Halliwell Nugæ Poet. 65 Lorde, sende it unto the syke tharlle.
b. fig. One who is in bondage to some power or influence; a slave (to something).
c950Lindisf. Gosp. John viii. 34 Seðe wyrcas synne ðræl is synnes. c1230Hali Meid. 5 Þeos as flesches þralles beoð in worldes þeowdom. 1340Ayenb. 86 Þet hi ne byeþ þrelles ne to gold ne to zeluer ne to hare caroyne. 1571Golding Calvin on Ps. xxxvi. 5 They willingly yeelde themselves thralls to wickednes. 1605Shakes. Macb. iii. vi. 13 Slaues of drinke, and thralles of sleepe. 1821Lamb Elia Ser. i. Imperfect Sympathies, The veriest thrall to sympathies, apathies, antipathies.
II.
2. The condition of a thrall; thraldom, bondage, servitude; captivity.
13..Cursor M. 6304 (Fairf.) Quen moises þe folk had lad..out of þe þralle of pharaon. 14..Chester Pl. i. 129 If that yow in thrall yow bringe. a1578Lindesay (Pitscottie) Chron. Scot. (S.T.S.) II. 44 The nyght in prosperatie, the morne in thraill. 1592Timme Ten Eng. Lepers A ij b, To bring this noble Realme of England to thraule. 1607Dekker & Webster Sir T. Wyatt Wks. 1873 III. 111 You free your Countrie from base spanish thrall. 1791Burns Lament Mary Q. Scots ii, In love and freedom they rejoice, Wi' care nor thrall opprest. 1842Tennyson Sir Galahad ii, For them I battle till the end, To save from shame and thrall.
fig.1576Thanksgiving in Liturg. Serv. Q. Eliz. (1847) 559 Thou didst set us free from thrall. 1633G. Herbert Temple, Church-porch xx, When wanton pleasures becken us to thrall. 1800–24Campbell Jilted Nymph iv, A suitor, Whose heart I have gotten in thrall. 1856Miss Mulock J. Halifax xii, The Anonymous Friend: who held him in such fascinated thrall.
†3. Oppression, trouble, misery, distress. Obs.
1560Rolland Seven Sages 25 It is better..we all seuin suld die..Or this ȝoung man suld suffer ony thrall. 1609Daniel Civ. Wars viii. xciv, Sit downe, And rest you, after all this passed thrall. c1796Miss J. Graham in Chambers Scott. Songs (1829) 15 As yet you've met with little thrall. a1829in Roby Trad. Lanc. (1867) II. 26 In my trouble and thrall.
III. 4. attrib. and Comb., as thrall-folk, thrall-man [ON. þræl-monni], thrall-woman, thrall-work [ON. þrǽl-verk]; thrall-like adj.
c1175Þrel weorkes [see 1 α]. c1205Lay. 455 Þat Dardanisc kun..woneð..inne þeowe-dome Þrel-werkes [c 1275 þralle-workes] doð. 1641Milton Reform. i. 2 Instead of..cheerful boldness..came servile and thrallike fear. 1886Corbett Fall of Asgard I. 35 She was a wild-looking thrall-girl. Ibid. 86 The thrall-woman came to answer for herself. 1887Morris Odyss. xi. 190 A-winter he sleeps in the feast-hall whereto the thrall-folk seek.
B. adj. [attrib. use of the n.]
1. That is a thrall; subject, captive, enslaved, in bondage.
a. in the predicate, or following the n. (a) lit.
1297R. Glouc. (Rolls) 4074 To bringe hom vnder þe þat þe wolde makie þral. c1330R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 51 Hardknoute of Danmark..he was born thralle. c1430Lydg. Chichev. & Byc. in Min. Poems (Percy Soc.) 132 For we ben thralle and they be free. c1510Barclay Mirr. Gd. Manners (1570) D iij, Sparing the Citizens to him subiect and thrall. 1633Heywood & Rowley Fort. by Land & Sea iv. Wks. 1874 VI. 418 We now are captives that made others thrall. 1862Baring-Gould Iceland (1863) 252 Male or female—free or thrall.
(b) fig.
a1225Ancr. R. 370 Hweðer is betere, ine secnesse uorte beon Godes freo child, þen i flesches heale uorte beon þrel under sunne? a1300Cursor M. 16940 (Cott.) Thoru a tre..was al mankind mad thrall. 1477Earl Rivers (Caxton) Dictes 1 To be subgette and thral vnto the stormes of fortune. 1548Udall Erasm. Par. Luke vi. 75 To be thrall to no vice. a1600Scot. Poems 16th C. (1801) II. 216 Sen word is thrall, and thoght is only free. a1628F. Grevil Mustapha iii. i, Those silly natures, apt to louingnesse, Which euer must in others power liue, With doubt become more fond, with wrong more thral. 1845E. Holmes Mozart 167 It would seem that he was soon thrall to the court taste.
†b. preceding the n. Obs.
1450–1530Myrr. our Ladye 213 For the delyuerance of hys thrall seruante. 1526Pilgr. Perf. (1531) 208 As thrall synners bounde in captiuite. 1554–9in Songs & Ball. (1860) 3 Beyng slaves to Sathan, and thrall captyves vyle.
†2. Belonging to or characteristic of thraldom; slave-like, slavish, servile. Obs.
1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. ii. xii. (1495) b vj b/2 To put of thrall drede & torne to god. 1528Roy Rede me (Arb.) 69 Rid vs from antichristis bondes so thrall. 1535in Strype Eccl. Mem. (1721) I. App. lxiii. 155 To perceive the thral captivity under the usurped power of the Bishop of Rome.
▪ II. † thrall, n.2 Obs.
[app. corruption of thraw, throw n.1]
A space of time, a while.
c1450Cov. Myst. xxxv. (1841) 351, I pray ȝow alle Abyde stylle a lytyl thralle. 1535Stewart Cron. Scot. (Rolls) II. 522 He..schew to him into that samin thrall, Far moir kyndnes nor ony of thame all.
▪ III. thrall, thrawl, n.3 dial.|θrɔːl|
Also 7 throale.
[Origin uncertain: ? an application of thrall n.1]
A stand or frame for barrels, milk-pans, etc.
1674Inv. in New Shaks. Soc. Trans. (1881–3) App. ii. 14† , In the Sellars..Throales, hogsheads..and Tubbs. a1800Pegge Suppl. Grose, Gantril, a stand for a barrel. North. Called also a Thrawl. 1843Jrnl. Roy. Agric. Soc. IV. ii. 497 A barrel thrawl, or stillion, of cast-iron, furnished with a..lever apparatus for tilting casks without shaking their contents. 1859Geo. Eliot A. Bede vi, The dairy thralls, I might ha' wrote my name on 'em. 1884Vaughan's Patent No. 14432 A thrall or stand and tilter for casks.
▪ IV. thrall, a.1
see thrall n.1
▪ V. † thrall, a.2 Obs. rare.
[Etymology obscure.]
? Strenuous, hard, severe.
c1430Syr Gener. (Roxb.) 3947 [Generides] was in hert thral; His shelde he made from him to fall. c1525in Rel. Ant. II. 118 At Beverley a sudden chaunce did falle, The parish chirch stepille it felle At evynsonge tyme, the chaunce was thralle, Fourscore folke ther was slayn thay telle.
▪ VI. thrall, v. arch.|θrɔːl|
[Early ME. þrallen, f. thrall n.1]
trans. To bring into bondage or subjection; to deprive of liberty; to hold in thraldom, enthrall, enslave; to take or hold captive. a. lit.
c1205Lay. 11205 He sloh þæ eorles & þrallede þæ chærles. 13..Cursor M. 9485 (Cott.) Quils he es thralled in his seruis He ne mai be fre. Ibid. 17209 Þus am i thrald to ma þe fre. c1450Mirour Saluacioun 3311 The childere of Israel be pharao thralde hoegely. a1612Harington Ps. cxxxvii. in Farr S.P. Eliz. (1845) I. 116 They that thralle us thus by wrong, Amid our sorrowes aske a song. 1872Tennyson Gareth & Lynette 348 Yet lo! my husband's brother had my son Thrall'd in his castle, and hath starved him dead.
b. fig.
a1366Chaucer Rom. Rose 882 The God of Love..can wel these lordis thrallen. c1412Hoccleve De Reg. Princ. 4658 He þat auaricious is, is thrallid To moneie. a1533Frith Disput. Purg. Pref. (1829) 91 Fleshly lust..would subdue..and hold us thralled under sin. a1649Drummond of Hawthornden Sonn. i. iv, That bright Cherubine which thralls my Thought. a1651Calderwood Hist. Kirk (1843) II. 391. 1835 Court Mag. VI. 216/1 What right had he..to thrall her promise, and waste away her young life?
c. refl. To enslave, bind, or submit oneself.
a1300Cursor M. 23787 (Edin.) We thrall vs til vr ful fa In prisun for to life in wa. c1412Hoccleve De Reg. Princ. 2959 They wolden nat hem to þo lawes thralle.
Hence ˈthralling ppl. a. rare, enthralling.
1871J. Hay Pike County Ball. (1880) 88 Wrapped in thralling memories. |