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▪ I. extract, ppl. a.|ɛkˈstrækt|
[ad. L. extract-us, pa. pple. of extrahĕre to extract.]
Extracted; in various senses of the vb.
†1. pa. pple.
a. Taken out, obtained out of something.
b. Derived (from a source), descended (from an ancestry).
c. Distracted, taken out of one's wits; cf. extraught 2, extracting ppl. a.
a.1515Barclay Egloges iv. (1570) C vj/2 To sing one ballade extract of sapience. 1610Markham Masterp. i. civ. 206 Oyles extract out of wood or mettals will last long. a1626Bacon Max. & Uses Com. Law iii. (1630) 13 The leasee by implication shall have the warren discharged and extract during his lease.
b.1483Caxton Gold. Leg. 425/3 Saynt rigoberte..was extract or come out of the moste excellent lygnage. 1525Ld. Berners Froiss. II. clxxxi. [clxxvii]. 551 He was extracte by his mother syde of a duke of Bretayne. 1603Holland Plutarch's Mor. 1024 The Sun..is the very issue extract from that Good. a1641Bp. R. Montagu Acts & Mon. (1642) 233 Herod was..originally a Jew, extract from them who, upon the Edict of Cyrus, returned at the first time..to Jerusalem.
c.1608Hist. Hamblet ii. C iijb, To try if men of great account bee extract out of their wits.
2. ppl. a. Drawn or taken out. Now only in extract decree (Scots Law: cf. extract v. 2 c).
1643T. Goodwin Child of Light 195 The originall..is more authenticall then extract copies. 1708J. Philips Cyder ii. 65 Stor'd with Streams Egregious, Rum and Rice's Spirit extract. 1856Act 19–20 Vict. c. 56 §35 marg., Sheriff may seize Books of Crown Debtor under Extract Decree. 1861W. Bell Dict. Law Scot. 373/2 The form and execution of extract decrees.
▪ II. extract, n.|ˈɛkstrækt|
[In senses 1–3 ad. L. extract-um, neut. pa. pple. of extrahĕre to extract. In sense 5 repr. L. extracta, fem. pa. pple., used subst. in Eng. Law (= AF. estrete: see estreat). In sense 6 perh. formed in Eng. on extract v.; cf. however OF. estraite in same sense.]
I.
†1. gen. Something drawn or taken out of a thing; also fig. the ‘pith’ of a matter. Obs.
1570Levins Manip. 6/20 An Extracte, extractum. 1597Hooker Eccl. Pol. v. lvi. (1611) 307 The words of Adam..‘flesh of my flesh, and bone of my bones,’ a true native extract out of mine owne bodie. 1605Camden Rem. 140 heading (Allusions), I will now present vnto you a few extracts out of names. 1651N. Bacon Disc. Govt. Eng. ii. xiii. 116 The extract of all is, that he [Duke of Hertford] was chosen by the People and Parliament then sitting.
2. a. ‘The substance extracted; the chief parts drawn from anything’ (J.); in mod. use ‘a pharmaceutical term applied to the tough or viscid matter obtained by treating any substance with solvents and then evaporating the solvent’ (Watts). Also loosely used for any preparation containing the active principle of a substance in a concentrated form.
1590Marlowe 2nd Pt. Tamburl. iv. ii, An ointment..Distilled from the..simplest extracts of all minerals. 1605Timme Quersit. iii. 182 One scruple of the extract of betonie. 1656H. More Enthus. Tri. 9 This intoxicating Potion is made of the extract of certain hearbs. 1712tr. Pomet's Hist. Drugs I. 28 Schroder makes an Extract of it with..Water. 1811A. T. Thomson Lond. Disp. (1818) 617 In preparing all kinds of extracts, evaporate the fluid as quickly as possible. 1875H. C. Wood Therap. (1879) 18 Fluid extracts are very concentrated fluid preparations. 1884Syd. Soc. Lex., Extract of beef. Mod. Advt., With Malt or Meat Extract an Ideal Diet for Infants.
fig.1645Quarles Sol. Recant. vii. 34 Wisdom's th' extract of knowledge. 1677Gilpin Dæmonol. (1867) 12 Not only is he [Satan] wicked, but the spirit and extract of wickedness. 1818Jas. Mill Brit. India II. iv. ix. 299 Englishmen consider English law as the pure extract of reason. 1847L. Hunt Men, Women, & B. II. iii. 45 A specimen of the volatile extract of Steele.
†b. = extractive B n. 2. Obs.
1807T. Thomson Chem. (ed. 3) II. 354 Besides tannin, extract must be present in this precipitate. 1810Henry Elem. Chem. (1840) II. 188 Vegetable Extract or Extractive..is..of a brownish colour, and generally of a bitterish taste. 1813Sir H. Davy Agric. Chem. iii. (1814) 85 Extract or the extractive principle exists in almost all plants..it seems to be composed principally of hydrogene, oxygene, carbon and a little azote.
c. transf. (See quot. 1879). Also in fuller form extract wool.
1879Cassell's Techn. Educ. IV. 261/1 The latter [cotton in worn-out fabrics] is destroyed by a chemical process, leaving the wool intact, which is then called ‘extract’. 1888Encycl. Brit. XXIV. 661/1 Extract wool is that which is recovered from rags of various cloths in which cotton and wool are variously woven together. 1963A. J. Hall Textile Sci. ii. 38 The recovered wool passes under various names such as mungo, shoddy, alpaca and extract (this latter contains cotton fibres also since it is obtained from waste mixture goods).
†3. A summary; an outline. Obs. Cf. Fr. extrait, It. estratto.
1549Chaloner Erasmus on Folly G iij b, Let us draw on the other side..the extract of a man of wisedome. 1605Bacon Adv. Learn. ii. vi. §1 They supposed the world to bee the Image of God, and man to be an extract or compendious Image of the World. 1625― Ess., Studies (Arb.) 11 Some Bookes..may be read by Deputy, and Extracts made of them by Others. 1656–81Blount Glossogr., Extract..a breviate or abridgement.
4. A passage copied out of a book, manuscript, etc.; an excerpt, quotation.
1666Pepys Diary 31 July, [He] brought me up this extract out of the Flanders letters to day come. 1707Floyer Physic. Pulse-Watch 337 To gratifie the Curiosity of Ingenious Inquirers, I made the following Extract. 1803Med. Jrnl. X. 142 These extracts are long. 1872Raymond Statist. Mines & Mining 192 These extracts.. might be still further multiplied.
transf.1827Lytton Pelham xii, There was, indeed, a motley congregation; country esquires; extracts from the universities; half-pay officers, etc.
5. Law.
†a. = estreat n. (obs.).
b. Sc. Law (see quot. 1861).
a.1670Blount Law Dict., Extracts. See Estreats.
b.1606Act of Council in Sc. Acts 23 Jas. VI, c. 19 Common and ordinarie Extracts, for every sheet extracted, xiii. sh. iiii. d. 1861W. Bell Dict. Law Scot. 374/1 Extract. The term extract, in the law of Scotland, signifies either the proper written evidence, or warrant on which diligence or execution on a judicial decree may issue; or it signifies a copy, authenticated by the proper officer, of a deed, writing, or other entry, the principal of which, either is in a public record, or a transcript of which, taken from the principal, has been preserved in a public record. 1868Act 31–2 Vict. c. 100 §68 If no Appeal shall have been taken, the Clerk of the Court may give out the Extract.
† II. 6. = extraction 5. Obs. Cf. OF. extraite.
1630B. Jonson New Inn i. v, She shews her extract, and I honour her for it. 1691Wood Ath. Oxon. II. 722 He was a Scot born, or at least of Scotch extract. a1734North Exam. i. iii. (1740) 223 Every Soul, who gets to be rich, immediately enquires into his Extract. 1796Morse Amer. Geog. I. 344 note, The first child of European extract, born in New England.
▪ III. extract, v.|ɛkˈstrækt|
[f. L. extract- ppl. stem of extrahĕre, f. ex- out + trahĕre to draw. Cf. Fr. extraire.]
To draw out.
1. trans. In general sense: ‘To draw out of any containing body or cavity’ (J.).
Now only with some notion of one or other of the more specific senses.
1570Levins Manip. 6/25 To Extract, extrahere. 1603Shakes. Meas. for M. iii. ii. 50 Is there none of Pigmalions Images..to bee had now, for putting the hand in the pocket, and extracting [it] clutch'd? 1684T. Burnet Th. Earth I. vii. 83 If these waters were any way extracted and laid upon the surface of the ground, nothing would be gain'd as to the Deluge by that.
2. ‘To take from something of which the thing taken was a part’ (J.).
1634Sir T. Herbert Trav. 56 They had whole mountaines of excellent blacke marble..out of which the Imperiall Palace was extracted and cut out. 1667Milton P.L. viii. 497 I now see..my self Before me; Woman is her Name, of Man Extracted. 1818Cruise Digest (ed. 2) III. 258 Freeholders; whose estates were afterwards extracted out of the demesnes of the manor.
b. esp. To copy out (a passage in a book, etc.); also, to make extracts from (a book).
1607Topsell Four-f. Beasts (1673) 266 Finding nothing of substance in him [Gesner] which is not..extracted..by them. 1724Swift Drapier's Lett. iv, I have thought it proper to extract out of that Pamphlet a few of these notorious Falsehoods. 1798Ferriar Illustr. Sterne ii. 43, I extract the following passages as specimens. 1838–9Hallam Hist. Lit. I. iii. i. §8. 149 The treatise was..abridged, extracted and even turned into verse. 1855Bain Senses & Int. ii. iv. §13 It will be convenient to extract entire the section devoted to this subject.
c. Sc. Law. To take out a copy of (a recorded judgement) with a view to execution. Also † to extract forth. Cf. estreat v.
1597Sc. Acts Jas. VI, 177 b, Collected..and extracted foorth of the Bukes and Register of the Actes of Parliament. 1606[see extract n. 5 b]. 1681S. Colvil Whigs Supplic. (1751) 94 He forg'd records, and them enacted To bear false witness, when extracted. 1752J. Louthian Form of Process App. (ed. 2) 266 The Expence of extracting the Protestation. 1837Lockhart Scott xx, The subalterns, who..recorded and extracted the decrees of the Supreme Court. 1868Act 31–32 Vict. c. 100 §57 Notwithstanding that the Interlocutor of the Lord Ordinary may have been extracted and put to Execution.
absol.1751Act Sederunt 4 Jan. heading, Prohibition by the Lords against Agents to extract, or Extractors to agent.
3. To get out (the contents of anything) by force, effort, or contrivance; to take out (anything embedded or firmly fixed). Often with reference to surgical operations, dentistry, and the like.
1628Wither Brit. Rememb. 219 Upon Argeir we had a faire designe That much extracted from our silver mine. 1695Woodward Nat. Hist. Earth iv. (1723) 215 The..mineral Matter..is..so diffused..amongst the crasser matter..that 'twould never be possible to separate and extract it. 1732Arbuthnot Rules of Diet 428 The Stone in the Bladder is..a mortal Disease, if not extracted. 1767Gooch Treat. Wounds I. 210 After many fruitless attempts to extract an arrow. 1794S. Williams Vermont 190 One of these customs, was that of extracting their beards by the roots. 1807–26S. Cooper First Lines Surgery (ed. 5) 158 Army surgeons..always..extract the ball as soon as possible. 1834Medwin Angler in Wales II. 112 One of the best..anglers in England..had only been able to extract three of its inhabitants. 1841Lane Arab. Nts. I. 80 He took out a knife, and picked at the lead until he extracted it from the bottle. 1878L. P. Meredith Teeth 127 Fractures in attempts to extract teeth, often expose the pulp.
b. fig.; esp. to draw forth (a confession, money, etc.) against a person's will.
1599Nashe Lenten Stuffe Wks. 1883–4 V. 297 And there [by torture] eyther tear him limbe from limbe, but hee will extract some capitall confession from him. 1670Marvell Corr. cl. Wks. 1872–5 II. 328, I had writ sooner could I have extracted out of Sir Philip..anything which I thought materiall. 1765H. Walpole Otranto v. (1798) 78 He used every insinuating..argument to extract her consent. 1825Hone Every-day Bk. I. 1116 He had extracted the last extractable halfpenny. 1833H. Martineau Three Ages iii. 93 Nothing could be extracted from him relative to his former associates. 1860Tyndall Glac. i. xvi. 108, I..tried to extract some direct encouragement from him.
4. To obtain (constituent elements, juices, etc.) from a thing or substance by suction, pressure, distillation, or any chemical or mechanical operation. Said both of personal and material agents. † Also intr. for refl. (obs. rare).
1594Plat Jewell-ho., Chem. Concl. 3 The maner of drawing, or extracting of the oiles out of hearbes. 1626Bacon Sylva §645 Out of the Ashes of all Plants they extract a Salt, which they vse in Medicines. 1641French Distill. i. (1651) 33 Let the Spirit extract in digestion till no more feces fall to the bottom. 1667Milton P.L. v. 25 How the Bee Sits on the Bloom extracting liquid sweet. 1799G. Smith Laborat. I. 97 Distil them with water..till all the spirits are extracted. 1816J. Smith Panorama Sc. & Art II. 444 Filter the liquor, wash the sediment with water, till it ceases to extract any thing. 1853A. Soyer Pantroph. 131 When the cook wanted to extract the salt, he first boiled the meat well in milk. 1875Ure's Dict. Arts III. 1146 The skins being present, the wine which is in process of formation extracts tannic acid from the skins.
absol.1651Biggs New Disp. ⁋79 You labour..in extracting after the manner introduc'd by Neotericks.
b. fig.; esp. to obtain (comfort, pleasure, happiness) from a specified source; also, to draw out (the sense of anything); to deduce (a doctrine, principle, right, etc.).
1596Davies Orchestra ciii, He [Love] first extracted from th' earth-mingled mind That heau'nly fire, or quint⁓essence diuine. 1599Shakes. Hen. V, ii. ii. 101 May it be possible, that forraigne hyer Could out of thee extract one sparke of euill? 1719Young Busiris iv. i, To see us act like prudent men, And out of ills extract our happiness. 1775Johnson Tax. no Tyr. 44 No general right can be extracted from them [the charters]. 1796Morse Amer. Geog. I. 317 note, In whatever situation he was placed he [Franklin] extracted something useful for himself or others. 1863Geo. Eliot Romola i. iii, [He] means to extract the utmost possible amount of pleasure..out of this life. 1890Ld. Esher in Law Times Rep. LXIII. 693/2 It is sought by this defendant to extract from that case this doctrine, that, etc.
5. Math. to extract the root of a number or quantity: to obtain the root by a mathematical process. Also † to extract (a quantity): to find the root of.
1571Digges Pantom. ii. xxii. P ij, From the quotient thereof..extracte the quadrate roote. 1676Glanvill Ess. iii. 13 The Method of Extracting Roots in the most numerous æquations. 1751Chambers Cycl. s.v. Extraction, To extract the root out of a given power, is the same thing as, etc. 1827Hutton Course Math. I. 86 Mixed numbers may be..extracted by the first or second rule. Ibid. I. 89 Extract the cube root of 571482·19.
6. Occasional uses after Lat. or Fr.
†a. To take away, withdraw. Obs.
a1572Knox Hist. Ref. Wks. 1846 I. 60 O Lorde, I have bene wicked, and justlie may thow extract thy grace from me. Ibid. 333 By your faynting, and by extracting of your support, the enimeis ar incoraged.
†b. Only in pass.: To be derived or descended. Const. from, of. Obs. Cf. extraction 5.
c1489Caxton Blanchardyn xxi. 71 He is a man come of a grete house and extracted of hyghe parentage. 1577–87Holinshed Chron. I. 95/1 Of the first, the kings of Kent were lineallie extracted. 1605Camden Rem. 13 This English tongue extracted out of the olde German..is mixed. 1647Clarendon Hist. Reb. i. (1843) 5/1 The enriching a private family (how well soever originally extracted). 1678Wanley Wond. Lit. World v. ii. §70. 471/2 Michael the eighth..extracted from the Comnenian Emperours.
†c. To ‘derive’, affirm to be derived from a specified origin. Obs.
1634W. Tirwhyt tr. Balzac's Lett. 341 It..angers me, that out of the poorest part of Rhetoricke received among the ancients, they will needes extract all ours. |