| 释义 |
expound, v.|ɛkˈspaʊnd|
Forms α. 4–5 expoun-en, -pown-en, 4–6 expoun(e, -pown(e (5 exponne); β. 3–6 expounde, expownd(e (5 exspound), 4– expound. pa. tense and pa. pple. 5–6 expouned, -powne(d, -pownd(e, -pound(e.
[ME. expoune-n, expounde, ad. OF. espondre, espundre, ex- (3 pl. esponent, derivs. espon-, espond-) = Pr., Sp. esponer, Pg. espõr, It. esporre:—L. expōnĕre, to put out, set forth, explain: see expone. The d of the Fr. inf. -pondre was mechanically developed in the transition from the n to the r of -ponre the regular contraction of L. -pōnĕre; a pa. pple. -pondu and various derivatives were formed on the inf. stem.
In ME. the prevailing form was expoune, adopted according to the usual practice from the finite parts of the Fr. vb.; but the form expound(e, from the inf., appeared equally early in northern writers (Hampole and the Cursor Mundi). In the course of the 16th c. expoune became obsolete, the general adoption of expound being favoured by the phonetic tendency exhibited in sound for the earlier soun, and also by the frequent occurrence of expound as pa. pple. In accordance with the analogy of expound = L. exponere, the earlier compoune, compone were in 16th c. replaced by compound, and propone by propound; in the former case the substitution may have been partly due to other causes; see compound v.]
1. trans. To set forth, declare, state in detail (doctrines, ideas, principles; formerly, with wider application).
c1325E.E. Allit. P. A. 37 To þat spot þat I in speche expoun I entred in þat erber grene. Ibid. B. 1058 Clopyngnel expounez..a speche, to hym þat spede wolde Of a lady to be loued. 1382Wyclif Isa. xliv. 7 The ordre expoune to me. 1519Interl. Four Elements in Hazl. Dodsley I. 37 He hath expound cunningly Divers points of cosmography. 1526Tindale Acts xxviii. 23 There cam many vnto hym..to whom he expouned and testifyed the kyngdom off God. 1736Shenstone Schoolmistress x, She..quaintly cou'd expound The Chicken-feeding Pow'r of ev'ry Crumb she found. 1748Hartley Observ. Man i. iii. 344 Ideas, or the Motions by which they are expounded. 1812Woodhouse Astron. xvi. 171 Formulæ expounding its quantity and law. 1845S. Austin Ranke's Hist. Ref. I. 455 The doctrines expounded by St. Augustine. 1875Jowett Plato (ed. 2) I. 162, I have..an excellent interpretation..which I will expound to you.
absol.1502Arnolde Chron. (1811) 70 We will and ordeigne that all curattz..iiij tymes in the yere in the masse tyme publish and expowne. 16..Dryden Poems (1822) I. 242 The carrier's not commission'd to expound.
b. To set forth, represent (a mathematical function or quantity) by figures, symbols, etc.
1708E. Halley in Misc. Cur. II. 102 The roots may be expounded by Perpendiculars let fall, upon the Axis or given Diameter of the given Parabola, from the Intersections of that Curve with a Circle. 1812Woodhouse Astron. xxvi. 268 These perturbations, when numerically expounded, are so insignificant, etc.
2. To explain, interpret.
a. gen. To explain (what is difficult or obscure); to state the signification of; to comment on (a passage or an author).
c1325E.E. Allit. P. B. 1727 Now expowne þe þis speche spedly I þenk. 1436Pol. Poems (1859) II. 182 Expoune me this, and ye shall sothe it fynde. 1483Cath. Angl. 119 To Expo(w)nde, commentari. 1511–2Act 3 Hen. VIII, c. 23 §12 The same Ambiguyte..[shall] be declared, expownned..by the Chaunceller. 1628T. Spencer Logick 113 This definition hath nothing in it to be expounded. 1826Scott Woodst. viii, One who was expounding some religious Mystery to them. 1869J. Martineau Ess. II. 100 Our author proceeds to expound his own analysis.
b. esp. To interpret, comment upon (Scripture, religious formularies, etc.). Now chiefly with reference to homiletic exposition. Also absol.
a1300Cursor M. 17288 + 383 (Cott.) And þus he..expounded þe prophesyes. 1340Hampole Pr. Consc. 4272 His ministres sal swa lette yhit Þat na man sal expound haly writ. c1449Pecock Repr. i. ix. 47 To expowne or interprete or glose dewli and treuly Holi Scripture. 1526Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 3 Saynt Gregory expoundynge the same place of Scripture sayth. 1545Udall, etc. Erasm. Paraph. (1548) Luke viii. 90 b, Many other parables..all which..he expounded severally unto his disciples. 1656Bramhall Replic. i. 5 The primitive Fathers expounded it [the Creed] where it did stand in need of clearer explication. 1715De Foe Fam. Instruct. i. i. (1841) I. 17 The Spirit of God expounds the word of God to us. 1867M. E. Herbert Cradle L. viii. 220 Our..Lord, having read..the words regarding Himself..expounded them to the people.
absol.a1340Hampole Psalter Prol., In expounynge i fologh haly doctours. 1733Neal Hist. Purit. II. 272 He was suspended..for expounding upon the Catechism. 1778Fletcher Lett. Wks. 1795 VII. 222, I have ventured..to expound once in the church. 1854Macaulay Bunyan Misc. Writ. 1860 II. 230 Those martial saints who fought and expounded in Fairfax's army.
†c. To interpret the motives or reasons of a person. Obs.
1605Bacon Adv. Learn. i. iii. §5 Cicero doth excuse and expound the Philosophers for going too far. a1680Butler Rem. (1759) II. 25 He, that says what he thinks, lays him⁓self open to be expounded by the most ignorant.
†d. To give the meaning of (a word or name); also, to give a version of in another language; to translate. Obs.
1377Langl. P. Pl. B. xiv. 277 In englisch..it is wel harde wel to expounen. c1386Chaucer Sec. Nun's T. 86 First wol I yow the name of seint Cecilie Expoune..It is to say on Englisch, hevenes lilie. c1400Lanfranc's Cirurg. 7 (MS. A) We moun knowe surgerie bi expownynge of his name: for siurge comeþ of siros.. & in englisch siros is an hand. c1450St. Cuthbert (Surtees) 6691 Þe kyng his preching walde expound, And telle it in englyssh tonge. 1549Latimer Serm. Ploughers (Arb.) 33 For them yat be vnlearned I wyll expounde it. 1653H. Cogan tr. Pinto's Trav. xxii. 79 As soon as the Interpreter had read the Letter, and expounded the contents thereof.
e. To interpret, explain the significance of (a dream, vision, symbol, etc.); to interpret, solve (a riddle); rarely, to explain, account for (a phenomenon). arch.
1375Cantic. de Creatione 773 in Anglia I, Þe angel anon gan it expoun and tolde him what it [a tree] was. c1386Chaucer Monk's T. 166 Daniel..the dremes of the kyng expowned. c1400Rom. Rose 7176, I wole bigynne, To expowne you the pith withynne. c1450St. Cuthbert (Surtees) 728 His mayster on þis wyse had Expounde his visyoun. 1535Coverdale Judges xiv. 14 They coulde not expounde the ryddle. 1596Shakes. Tam. Shr. iv. iv. 79 My Master..has left mee here behinde to expound the meaning or morrall of his signes and tokens. a1680Butler Rem. (1759) I. 215 The Stagyrite, unable to expound The Euripus, leapt into 't, and was drown'd. 1814Wordsw. White Doe i. 223 Studious to expound The spectacle.
f. To infer from indications. rare—1.
1821–56De Quincey Confess. (1862) 269 The clouds by which chiefly the eye expounds the distance of the blue pavilion stretched over our heads.
g. refl. † To explain one's meaning (obs.). Also, to be one's own expositor.
1601Cornwallyes Ess. ii. xlviii. (1631) 307 An abilitie to behold things ambiguous with the true sight gives..circumstances, leave to expound themselves. 1661Bramhall Just Vind. vii. 163 The Pope was forced to expound him⁓self. 1859Tennyson Vivien 316 The people call you prophet: let it be: But not of those that can expound them⁓selves.
3. To give a particular interpretation to; to construe in a specified manner. With adv. or phr. Now chiefly in Law.
1533–4Act 25 Hen. VIII, c. 21 §19 Prouided alwaies, that this act nor anythinge..therein conteined, shalbe..interpreted or expounded, that, etc. 1534More On the Passion Wks. 1314 Some expowne also those woordes..to sygnifye that [etc.]. 1590Spenser F.Q. iii. iv. 28 That deadly wownd..The which his mother vainely did expownd to be hart-wownding love. 1685Baxter Paraphr. N.T. Matt. x. 23 This hard Text is variously expounded. 1767Blackstone Comm. II. 381 That a devise be most favourably expounded. 1818Cruise Digest (ed. 2) VI. 191 The courts..expound the will in such a manner as to carry the testator's intention into effect. 1839Thirlwall Greece IV. 445 Sparta..was constituted the interpreter of the treaty; she expounded it by the rule, not of reason, but of might.
†b. to expound (a statement, etc.) concerning or of: to explain as referring to. Obs.
c1380Wyclif Serm. Sel. Wks. II. 241 Men expownen comounly þis prophecie of oure Jesus. c1450Mirour Saluacioun 3767 This may be wele expovned of the blissed virgyne marie. 1574tr. Marlorat's Apocalips 14 They..that go about to expound this place concerning Christ, according to the letter; do wrest it too violently. 1645Ussher Body Div. (1647) 85 Which place Paul expoundeth of the Holy Ghost. 1724A. Collins Gr. Chr. Relig. 236 Those of whom they are ordinarily expounded.
†c. To render by a specified term. With complement, or const. for. Obs.
1530–1Act 22 Hen. VIII, c. 13 No person..being a comon Baker, Brewer..shall be interpreted or expounded handicrafts men. 1531Elyot Gov. i. i, Chaos..of some is expounde a confuse mixture. 1533More Answ. Poisoned Bk. Wks. 1087/2 Men..that expounde those wordes of Christ..to be spoke and ment of the very eating of hys blessed body. 1599Thynne Animadv. (1875) 33 ‘Orfrayes’ you expounde ‘Goldsmythes Worke’. 1607Topsell Four-f. Beasts (1658) 69 Rabbi Solomon, and Abraham Ezra, expound Egel, for a Calf of one year old.
†d. To interpret as a prognostic of something. Const. to. Obs.
c1430Lydg. Bochas i. iv. (1544) 7 a, Worthy Ninus..expouned his laughter to great felicitye.
†4. In etymol. sense of L. expōnere (cf. expose n.1). To expose to view. Obs. rare
1651Life Father Sarpi (1676) 38 He celebrated the Mass, and every Wednesday expounded upon his Altar the holy Sacrament. 1664Butler Hud. ii. iii. 1087 First, he expounded both his Pockets, And found a Watch, with Rings and Lockets.
Hence exˈpounded ppl. a., exˈpounding vbl. n., the action of the vb. expound; concr. an exposition or interpretation. exˈpounding ppl. a.
c1380Wyclif Sel. Wks. III. 272 False expounyng of holy writt. c1440Hylton Scala Perf. (W. de W. 1494) ii. xli, I fele wel of thy Name þe true expownynge that thou art Jhesu hele. 1483Cath. Angl. 119 An Expow(n)dynge; commentum. 1571Golding Calvin on Ps. viii. 2 A fullfilling or expownding part of speache. 1642J. Eaton Honey-c. Free Justific. b iij a, Expounded texts and verses. 1643Milton Divorce xiii. (1851) 55 A yoke..which..nothing but unwary expounding hath brought upon us. 1745Wesley Answ. Ch. 3 One of our English Brethren..said in his Publick Expounding, ‘As many go to Hell by praying as by thieving. 1881Mahaffy Old Grk. Educ. xi. 137 The repeating and expounding of the founder's view. |