| 释义 |
▪ I. export, v.|ɛkˈspɔət, ˈɛkspɔət|
[ad. (either directly or through Fr. exporter) L. export-āre, f. ex- out + portāre to carry: see port v.]
†1. trans. (gen.) To carry (things or persons) out of a place; to take away, carry off. Also fig. Obs.
(The sense of the two first quots. is obscure.)
c1485Digby Myst. (1882) iii. 458 Swych desepcyouns, potyt peynes to exsport, prynt yow in sportes whych best doth yow plese. 1548Gest Pr. Masse 81 Thensuyng saying..Gracian exporteth and fathereth upon Austyne. a1612Donne βιαθανατος (1644) 133 Paulinus..delivered himselfe as a slave to the Vandals, and was exported from Italy to Afrique. 1612Bacon Ess., Followers & Fr. (Arb.) 35 They export honour from a man and make him a returne in Enuy. 1641Nicholas Papers (Camden) I. 29 Fowr thousand men to bee exported hence for the service of..forreine Princes. 1691Ray Creation ii. (1704) 319 The Arteries are known to export the Blood.
2. Comm. To send out (commodities of any kind) from one country to another.
1665Manley Grotius' Low C. Warres 179 They might export any thing, but Materials for War and Corn. 1672Petty Pol. Anat. (1691) 57 There are 60 M. [black cattle] exported alive, and 30 M. dead in Barrels. 1745De Foe's Eng. Tradesman Introd. (1841) I. 2 Exporting the growth and manufacture of England to other countries. 1841W. Spalding Italy & It. Isl. III. 399 Olives..could always be exported without duty. 1845McCulloch Taxation ii. v. (1852) 209 Customs duties were charged..on all sorts of commodities, whether exported or imported.
absol.1776Adam Smith W.N. iv. i. 28 By exporting to a greater value than it imported. 1873C. Robinson N.S. Wales 75 We exported to Great Britain to the value of {pstlg}30,208,485.
b. transf. and fig.
1760Sterne Tr. Shandy 290 Susannah was sufficient by herself..in exporting a family secret. 1781Cowper Expostulation 365 Hast thou..Exported slavery to the conquered East?
Hence exported ppl. a., exporting vbl. n. and ppl. a.
1716Addison Freeholder No. 41 The Exported commodities amounted to Two Hundred Ninety Four Thousand Pounds. 1727W. Mather Yng. Man's Comp. 409 The Exporting and Importing so many and great Quantities of rich Commodities. 1812G. Chalmers Dom. Econ. Gt. Brit. 171 The value of exported cargoes in 1766. 1845McCulloch Taxation ii. iv. (1852) 197 Poland and other exporting countries.
Add:3. Computing. To transmit (data) out of (part of) a computer for processing elsewhere.
1982Electronics 10 Mar. 124/1 DJC allows the user of any work station to export a batch job to the NRM for remote execution. 1985Listener 25 Apr. 39/3 It had excellent facilities for ‘importing’ and ‘exporting’ blocks of text from and to other documents. 1987–8New Star Software Catal. Winter 6 Mailmerge facilities use standard files that can be exported from most databases.
▪ II. export, n. Comm.|ˈɛkspɔət|
[f. prec.]
1. That which is exported; an exported article. Also, the amount exported.
1690Child Disc. Trade (ed. 4) 167 The Exports were more in value than the Imports. 1735Berkeley Querist §179 Schedules of our Trade, containing an Account of the Imports and Exports of the foregoing Year. 1796Burke Regic. Peace i. Wks. VIII. 155 Our commerce, the imports and exports of the nation. 1821J. Q. Adams in C. Davies Metr. Syst. iii. (1871) 113 In the year 1354 the balance of exports above the imports was of more than 250,000 pounds.
2. The action of exporting, exportation; an instance of this. (Not in Johnson or Todd. First in Webster 1864.)
1804Colebrooke Husb. & Comm. Bengal (1806) 192 Buffalo's horns might..become an article of export. 1824Ld. Harewood in Bischoff Woollen Manuf. II. 48 Allowing the free export of British wool. 1874Green Short Hist. viii. 476 He gave license for the export of arms to Spain.
3. a. attrib. In senses: Of, pertaining to, concerned with or adapted for, exportation; as export-capacity, export-demand, export-goods (specified, as e.g. export-yarns), export-direction, export-merchant, (export-book-seller, export-clothier, etc.), export-trade; export bill, a bill drawn against or for the value of exported goods; export drive (see drive n. 1 g); export duty, a duty paid on exported goods; export reject, an imperfect article withdrawn from export and sold on the home market; also transf. and fig.; export surplus, the amount by which exports exceed imports (see also quot. 1965).
1861Goschen For. Exch. 39 Buying-up and remitting the *export-bills as soon as the goods have been shipped.
1885Bookseller 5 Mar. Advt., Wholesale and *export booksellers.
1888Daily News 19 Nov. 2/7 The *export demand is well maintained for furs, skins, and hairs.
1817F. Robinson in Parl. Deb. 565 The bill..to diminish the *export duty on the smaller sorts of coal. 1845McCulloch Taxation ii. v. (1852) 204 Great caution is usually required in imposing export duties.
1952O. Lancaster in Daily Express 2 Feb. 1/3 The Americans regard Paul Robeson as an *export reject. 1962M. Urquhart Frail on North Circular xxiii. 126, I got a new suit... Off the peg. Export reject. 1967J. Porter Chinks in Curtain xii. 121 Don't you start bandying words with me, laddie, or you'll finish up with a mouthful of export reject teeth.
1931Economist 24 Jan. 165/1 It will be noticed that two of our rivals have maintained an *export surplus during the past year. 1964Ann. Reg. 1963 75 The world boom in sugar prices enabled Queensland to sell its record export surplus. 1965J. L. Hanson Dict. Econ. & Comm. 163/1 Export surplus, a rather ambiguous term, it may be taken to mean an overall surplus in the balance of payments, the doctrine of the mercantilist system, or a surplus of visible exports over visible imports. Ibid. 163/2 The aim has been to secure an export surplus in order to build up investment abroad... Immature economic systems tend to have export surpluses of goods in order to pay the interest on foreign loans.
1795Ld. Auckland Corr. III, 295 The naval preparations oblige us to suspend the *export trade which is a check to manufactures. 1831Sir J. Sinclair Corr. II. 307 The Emperor and his Ministers were ignorant that there existed any advantageous export trade.
1889Daily News 11 Dec. 2/7 *Export yarns were a shade better.
b. attrib. or quasi-adj. Designating an article of a quality suitable for exporting, usually of a better quality than that made for home consumption. Also ellipt., beer of export quality; a glass of this beer.
c1898in A. Davis Package & Print (1967) Plate 40, Export pilsener beer. 1936Bentley & Allen Trent's Own Case ix. 105 M. Dupont proceeded..to order two glasses of export-cassis. 1951A. Christie They came to Baghdad iii. 29 The materials for a suit were considered. ‘Fortunately, I can give you our own export quality{ddd}’ 1959‘H. Carmichael’ Stranglehold i. 11 I'll have a small whisky..followed by a bottle of your export special. 1962Economist 5 May 465/2 The..beers..are mainly Pils..and Export (with a greater proportion of malt). 1964W. J. Gaston Drifting Death ii. 18 Cluny ordered a round of exports. 1969Guardian 16 July 18/2 The work that was specially prepared for the Western market which is now either known as Export Porcelain or Chine de commande. 1970G. Lord Marshmallow Pie iv. 32 Get in a couple of crates of Export.
Add:[3.] c. Comb. export-led adj.
1963Economist 18 May p. xxxi/1 It was on the basis of this *export-led expansion that the economic miracle of General de Gaulle was founded. 1990S. George in J. Leggett Global Warming xviii. 454 Export-led growth as a development strategy is a recipe for resource depletion. |