| 释义 |
▪ I. expire, v.|ɛkˈspaɪə(r)|
Also 5 expyre, -spyre, 5–7 exspire, (6 expiere, -perie, 7 expayer).
[ad. Fr. expirer, ad. L. ex(s)pīrāre to breathe out, f. ex- out + spīrāre to breathe.]
I. To breathe out.
1. trans. To breathe out (air, etc.) from the lungs; also with forth.
1590Spenser F.Q. i. xi. 45 The scorching fire, Which he from hellish entrailes did expire. 1649G. Daniel Trinarch., Rich. II, ccxcviii, Wee yawne..the same Ayre which wee expired erst. 1695Woodward Nat. Hist. Earth iv. (1723) 236 The Fluid, which is..expired forth along with the Air, goes off in insensible Parcels. 1715–20Pope Iliad vi. 223 Her pitchy nostrils flaky flames expire. 1859Lewes Sea-side Stud. 234 In the daytime we expire more carbonic acid than during the night. 1866Huxley Phys. iv. (1872) 82 The breath..afterwards is driven out or expired.
b. absol. To breathe out air from the lungs.
1633P. Fletcher Purple Isl. iv. xi, Loose when he sucks in aire, contract when he expires. 1653[see expiring vbl. n.]. 1851Gosse Nat. in Jamaica 4 [The Whales] expired with a rushing sound, the instant the blow-hole was exposed.
†2. To give off (a perfume, vapour, etc.); to exhale, emit. Of a volcano: To emit, eject (flames, rarely solid substances). Also, To give out under pressure. Obs.
1603Drayton Odes ii. 4 Where Altars..Doe od'rous Fumes expire. 1665G. Harvey Advice agst. Plague 29 It [the Earth] purges it self by expiring those Arsenical fumes. 1697Dryden Virg. Georg. i. 205 And force the Veins of clashing Flints t'expire The lurking Seeds of their Cœlestial Fire. 1727C. Pitt Paraphr. Ps. cxliv, The lab'ring hills expire Thick clouds of smoke and deluges of fire. Ibid. i. 636 What Rocks did ætna's bellowing Mouth expire from his torn entrails. 1762Churchill Ghost ii. Poems I. 205 Ev'ry shrub expires perfume. 1808J. Barlow Columb. v. 484 Lighted bombs that fusing trails exspire.
absol.1626Bacon Sylva §294 Heat drieth Bodies that do easily expire; as Parchment, Leaves [etc.].
†3. intr. To pass out in, or like, breath; to be breathed forth or exhaled; hence of the winds, flame, a projectile: To rush forth. Cf. L. expirent ignes, Lucr. vi. 640. Obs.
1626G. Sandys Ovid's Met. xv. 312 Furious winds..Pent in blind cauernes, strugling to expire. 1654Earl of Orrery Parthen. (1676) 563 Tell my Princess..my breath expir'd in repeating the fair name of her [etc.]. 1666Dryden Ann. Mirab. clxxxviii, The linstocks touch, the ponderous ball expires. 1684R. H. Sch. Recreat. 32 When the Rocket expires, they take Fire and spread into a Flame, hovering in the Air like Stars. 1697Dryden Virg. Georg. i. 129 Redundant Humours thro' the Pores expire. Ibid. iv. 254 Huge Flakes of Flames expire. 1729Savage Wanderer i. 234 Thro' the bor'd rock above, the smoke expires.
II. To breathe one's last breath, die.
†4. trans. To breathe out (the soul, etc.) in the article of death; also, to expire one's last. Obs.[Only a special use of sense 1; but the starting-point of a distinct series of senses.] c1450Mirour Saluacioun 3287 On gude ffriday when crist his sawle on crosse expired. c1477Caxton Jason 84 b, Syn recommanded him to the Goddes and that don expired his lyf. 1509Barclay Shyp of Folys 58 b, Medas..With paynfull hunger his lyfe breth dyd expyre. a1612Donne βιαθανατος (1644) 122 A youth..ready to expire his soule by sickenesse. 1642Jer. Taylor Episc. (1647) 128 As soon as their Apostle had expired his last breath. a1671Ld. Fairfax Mem. (1699) 56 My daughter..in appearance was ready to expire her last. 1715–20Pope Iliad xvi. 1000 Patroclus thus..So many lives effused, expires his own.
5. intr. Of a person or animal: To breathe one's last; to die.
a1400Cov. Myst., Assump. (Shaks. Soc.) 387 The thrydde day hens ye schul ben expirand. 1485Caxton St. Wenefr. 3 The yong man forthwith fyll down to therthe and exspyred. 1651Hobbes Leviath. iv. xliv. 344 God onely knows..what becomes of a mans spirit, when he expireth. 1724R. Falconer Adv. & Escapes 83 When he found himself just upon the Point of expiring, he made this short Prayer. 1741tr. D'Argens' Chinese Lett. 209 They..stand round making respectful Bows to them [Goats and Sheep] till they are expired. 1839Keightley Hist. Eng. II. 74 The King pressed his hand and expired. 1843Mrs. Carlyle Lett. I. 275 Leaving my two gentlemen ready to expire of laughter.
b. transf. in various nonce-uses. Also of a fire: To die out.
c1593Spenser Sonn. xxvii. 11 (1611) D j, This verse, that neuer shall expire. 1595Shakes. John v. iv. 36 Euen this ill night your breathing shall expire. 1634Sir T. Herbert Trav. 209 Palmeto..is a soft pith in which consists the soule and vegetative vertue of that tree, which cut out the tree expires. 1660Jer. Taylor Duct. Dubit. 139 The Jews religion..was to expire into the Christian. 1666Dryden Ann. Mirab. ccxii, London..By an high fate thou greatly didst expire. 1769O. Goldsmith Hist. Rom. II. 49 Brutus was..reading by a lamp that was just expiring. 1847Longfellow Ev. i. i. 113 The sparks expired in the ashes.
6. To come to an end:
a. Of a period of time: To reach its close; to terminate, end: rarely, to elapse, pass. Sometimes conjugated with be.
1455Richard Dk. of York in Ellis Orig. Lett. ii. 40 I. 126 And that yere expired to geve my said servaunt.. your licence to retourne. 1494Fabyan Chron. vi. cci. 210 From the firste yere of Pepyn..to the first yere of Hughe Capet expyred or passed cc.xxxix. yeres. c1500Melusine 317 After your lyf naturel expired, no man shal..hold your land. c1550Cheke Mark i. 15 Jesus..said y⊇ time is now expired..repent and belev y⊇ gospel. 1608Shakes. Per. iii. iv. 14 Until your date expire. 1653H. Cogan tr. Pinto's Trav. xxix. 115 The three dayes abstinence being expired, lots were cast. 1812Southey Lett. (1856) II. 278 Lord Sunderlin..has it for three years, one of which is expired. 1818Cruise Digest (ed. 2) VI. 560 Till all the lives, during which it was directed to accumulate, should expire. 1865Trollope Belton Est. xi. 118 Till the next session of Parliament should have nearly expired.
⁋Spenser's use in the following quot. seems to be a forced extension of this sense.
1590Spenser F.Q. i. vii. 9 She..Trebling the dew time In which the wombes of wemen doe expire Brought forth this monstrous masse.
b. Of a condition (in a bond or the like), a law, patent, truce, etc. appointed for a limited time: To become void through lapse of time; to reach its term; to determine.
c1477Caxton Jason 95 b, The triews faylled at time sette and exspired. 1596Shakes. Merch. V. i. iii. 160 A month before This bond expires. 1659B. Harris Parival's Iron Age 171 There was a truce for six yeares, which expired in that of 1635. 1790Paley Horæ Paul. Rom. ii. 43 St. Paul's vow was expired before he set forward upon his voyage. 1804Earl of Lauderdale Publ. Wealth (1819) 162 When the patent expires. 1817W. Selwyn Law Nisi Prius (ed. 4) II. 668 A notice expiring that day of the year. 1855Macaulay Hist. Eng. IV. 540 To ascertain what temporary statutes were about to expire.
c. Of an action, state, legal title, etc.: To cease, come to an end, die out, become extinct.
c1450St. Cuthbert (Surtees) 4479 Þe paynyms pride it sall' expire. c1600Shakes. Sonn. xxvii, To worke my mind, when boddies work's expired. 1610Holland Camden's Brit. i. 353 When this dignity was exspired in this family. 1659B. Harris Parival's Iron Age 221 This War, which had lasted almost ninety years..expired in the Spring time, 1648. 1671Marvell Corr. Wks. 1872–5 II. 388 Dover Peere was not able to get in its report; so that matter is expired. 1712–4Pope Rape Lock iii. 15 Amazed, confused, he found his power expired. 1783Burke Rep. Affairs India Wks. 1842 II. 28 This trade..was now itself expiring in the hands of the company. 1818Cruise Digest (ed. 2) II. 266 An estate tail..expires whenever there is a failure of issue inheritable to it. Ibid. III. 373 The title of the daughters expired on the birth of the son. 1833Bp. Thirlwall in Philol. Mus. II. 522 The death of Ajax, with which, according to modern notions, the interest expires. 1844Lingard Anglo-Sax. Ch. (1858) I. ii. 77 note, The extensive authority..was meant to expire.
†d. Of food: To be consumed, exhausted, or spent. Obs. rare—1.
a1533Ld. Berners Huon cix. 375 Or xv. dayes were passyd, all theyr vytayles were expyred.
†7. trans. To cause to expire or cease; to bring to an end, conclude; to put an end to. Obs.
1579Lyly Euphues (Arb.) 77 To swill the drinke that will expyre thy date. 1592Shakes. Rom. & Jul. i. iv. 109 Some consequence..Shall..expire the tearme Of a despised life. 1594Nashe Unfort. Trav. 6 If I woulde expire the miserie of his vnspeakable tormenting vncertaintie. 1610Selden Duello iv. 15 Death was vmpire by expiring the best spirit of the one. 1612T. Taylor Comm. Titus i. 10 These seducers..will not haue it [circumcision] dated, when the Lord hath expired it.
†b. To cause (time) to pass; to spend. rare—1.
1589Nashe in Greene Menaphon Ded. (Arb.) 11 Those yeares, which shoulde bee employed in Aristotle, are expired in Epitomes.
▪ II. † exˈpire, n. Obs. rare.
[f. prec. vb.]
= expiration, expiry.
1612Sylvester Lacrymae Lacrym. 168 But, day by day, vntill our last expire..Prostrate our Soules..Before the Footstool of th' Empyreall Chaire. 1646Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. vii. ix. 357 Having seen the expire of Daniels prediction..he [John] accomplished his Revelation. |