| 释义 |
thickness|ˈθɪknɪs|
[OE. þicness = OHG. diknissa, f. thick a. + -ness.]
I. The quality or condition of being thick.
1. Relatively large measurement through, or between opposite surfaces; stoutness, bulkiness; the opposite of thinness or slenderness. Also fig.
c1000Ags. Gloss. in Haupt's Zeitschr. (1853) IX. 519 Elephantina callositate, hreoflicre þicnesse. 1538Elyot, Crassamentum, thyckenesse... Crassities & crassitudo, fatnesse, thicknes, grossenes. 1577B. Googe Heresbach's Husb. ii. (1586) 80 b, The equall medley of..thicknesse and thinnes. 1613Hayward Norm. Kings 23 As he grew in yeeres, so did he in thicknesse and fatnesse of body. 1641Evelyn Diary 7 Aug., Walls..of prodigious thicknesse. 1885J. Payn Luck of Darrells xx, His companion's astounding thickness of skin [cf. thick-skinned 2].
2. Measurement or extension of anything between its opposite surfaces; the third (and commonly least) dimension, distinct from length and breadth.
a900Wærferth Gregory's Dial. (1900) 44 He ᵹewænde þæs wæteres ᵹecynd on eles þicnesse. 1387Trevisa Higden (Rolls) I. 45 Þe þiknesse of þe erþe þorw oute is almest sexe þousand and fyue hondred myle. 14..Tundale's Vis. (Wagner) 1314 Fourti cubytes on brede he hadde And nine on theknes was he made. a1548Hall Chron., Hen. VIII 33 The Frenchmen came on in .iii. ranges, xxxvi. mens thickenes [i.e. thirty-six deep]. 1570Billingsley Euclid i. def. ii. 2 A point..neither hath length, breadth, nor thickenes. 1683Moxon Mech. Exerc., Printing xxiv, It is Quadrat high, of several Thicknesses, viz. a Nonparel, Brevier, Long-primmer, Pica, etc. 1735Johnson Lobo's Abyssinia, Descr. x. 103 The Crocodile is very ugly, having no Proportion between his Length and Thickness. 1815J. Smith Panorama Sc. & Art I. 7 In half an hour it will scarcely be the thickness of a sixpence. 1854Pereira's Polariz. Light 134 The resulting tint depends on the difference of the thicknesses. 1884Bower & Scott De Bary's Phaner. 411 They there attain a thickness which amounts to ½ or even more than 2/3 of the entire thickness of the leaf.
3. The quality or condition of being consistent or viscous (also, degree of consistence); of the air, the condition of being laden with impurities.
c1000Sax. Leechd. I. 126 Cnuca mid wine on huniᵹes þicnysse. 1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. iii. xvii. (W. de W. 1495) d iv b/1, Yf it is all clere & wtout thyknesse as the ayere is, thenne yt is not seen. c1425tr. Arderne's Treat. Fistula 36 Medled togidre in suche þiknes þat it may be ȝetted in by a nastare of tree. 1663Gerbier Counsel 27 Morter..unequall in thicknesse. 1737Whiston Josephus, Antiq. ii. xiv. §5 Whereby their sight being obstructed, and their breathing hindered by the thickness of the air, they died miserably. 1747Wesley Prim. Physick (1762) 109 Mix juice of Celandine with Honey to the Thickness of Cream.
4. Of the air, etc.: Misty or hazy condition; obscurity, opacity.
c1000Ags. Ps. (Spelm.) xcvi. 2 ᵹenipu and þicnæs, nubes et caligo. c1000Sax. Leechd. III. 232 We ne maᵹon for ðære fyrlynan heahnysse & þæra wolcna ðicnysse..hi næfre ᵹeseon. 1426Lydg. De Guil. Pilgr. 11036 And off the owgly ffoul thyknesse,..Thow shalt lese the syht off me.
5. Dense or crowded condition; closeness of collocation or growth.
1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. v. xv. (Bodl. MS.), Þiknes of berd is signe and tokenne of heete and of substancial humour and of strengþe. 1433Lydg. St. Edmund ii. 838 A couert, shrowded with thyknesse Of thornys sharpe. c1440Promp. Parv. 491/1 Thykkenesse, as of wodys, gresse, corne, or other lyke, densitas. 1825Scott Talism. vi, His hair in thickness might have resembled that of Samson.
6. Want of clearness in breathing, hearing, or utterance; indistinct articulation.
1538Elyot Dict. Addit., Daseia, thyckenes of brethe. 1669Holder Elem. Speech 168 Being at sometimes subject to thicknes of Hearing. 1686Burnet Lett. (1708) 249 Her Nurse had an extraordinary Thickness of Hearing. 1863A. M. Bell Princ. Speech 183 The inarticulate confusion of speech which results is commonly called ‘thickness’. 1908R. Bagot A. Cuthbert iii, His few observations being characterised by a decided thickness of utterance.
II. That which is thick or has thickness.
7. That which is thick, in any sense; the part (of anything) which is thick; the thick (of anything); the space between opposite surfaces (e.g. of a wall).
c1000Ags. Gloss. in Haupt's Zeitschr. (1853) IX. 499 Sulphureis flammarum globis, sweflenum þicnyssum. a1000Lambeth Ps. cxvii[i]. 27 On þyccetum vel on ðicnessum, in condensis. 1382Wyclif Isa. ix. 18 It shal be brend vp in the thickenes of the wilde wode. 1560Bible (Genev.) Ezek. xlii. 10 The chambres were in the thickenes of the wall of the court. 1687A. Lovell tr. Thevenot's Trav. ii. 82 They go down..by steps made in the thickness of the Walls. 1796Morse Amer. Geog. II. 477 Incumbered with unwholesome marshes..and impenetrable thicknesses. 1859Jephson Brittany vii. 93 The wall is here about five yards thick, and in its thickness are stone benches. 1905R. Bagot Passport iii. 19 There was only the thickness of a floor between them.
8. A layer (of cloth, paper, etc.). In Foundry, A layer of loam in a mould which represents the object to be cast (e.g. a pipe, bell), and is broken away from the completed mould to make room for the molten metal.
1815J. Smith Panorama Sc. & Art II. 807 Place several thicknesses of paper upon the glass. 1853Sir H. Douglas Milit. Bridges (ed. 3) 325 The whole six thicknesses of planks..are then well drawn together, and fastened to each other, by the trenails. 1884N. E. Spretson Casting & Founding 215 In the absence of patterns, however, for these and for other varieties of short piping, they are swept up in loam, the core within the ‘thickness’. 1889Anthony's Photogr. Bull. II. 237 On top..a single thickness of common felt cloth is placed.
Hence ˈthicknessing vbl. n., the action of reducing (boards, etc.) to a given thickness; ˈthickness v. trans., ˈthicknessed ppl. a. (back-formations).
1870Eng. Mech. 4 Feb. 497/2 That side of the machine employed for tenoning, planing, thicknessing, or moulding. 1901Daily Chron. 9 May 1/6 Planing and Thicknessing Machine, 20in. 1915Thicknessed [see spindle machine s.v. spindle n. 17]. 1978Early Music Oct. 506 The marks on the inside of the belly..have contributed to the theory that the central strip was first thicknessed and then bent to the long arch, the outer strip being glued to this solid and then carved in the usual way. |