| 释义 |
theriac, n. (a.) arch.|ˈθɪərɪæk|
Forms: α. (1 tyriaca); 6– theriaca, 7–8 theriace. β. 5 tiriake, tyriake. γ. 6– theriac, 7 -ack, -aque. See also theriacle.
[a. late L. thēriaca, thēriacē (med.L. thēriacum), a. Gr. θηριακὴ (ἀντίδοσις), θηριακὸν (ϕάρµακον), fem. and neut. of θηριακός pertaining to wild beasts or poisonous reptiles, f. θηρίον, dim. of θήρ wild beast, poisonous reptile. So F. thériaque (16th c. in Godef.), whence the last γ form; It., Sp. teriaca, Sp. triaca, Pr. tiriaca; MHG. triak, G. theriak, Du. teriaak: see also theriacle.]
An antidote to poison, esp. to the bite of a venomous serpent; = treacle n. 1.
The flesh of the viper was formerly held to be a necessary ingredient of the antidote to its bite (see quot. 1608); hence many references in the fig. uses of theriac and treacle.
α [c1000Sax. Leechd. II. 175 Tyriaca is god drenc wiþ innoþ tydernessum. Ibid. 290 Nime þonne ane lytle snæd þæs tyriacan & ᵹemenge.] 1562W. Bullein Bulwark, Dial. Soarnes & Chir. (1573) 59 Take Theriaca of the making of Andromachus,..which is a Triacle incomperable. 1601Holland Pliny xxix. i. 348 See what account there is made of a composition called Theriace [mispr. Theriall: corrected in list of errata]. 1608Topsell Serpents (1658) 810 Theriace, or Triacle, not only because it cureth the venomous bitings of Serpents, but also because the Serpents themselves are usually mingled in the making thereof. 1765Univ. Mag. XXXVII. 237/1 He.. took..a large dose of theriaca with wine. [1811Hooper Med. Dict. s.v., Theriaca Andromachi, the Venice or Mithridate treacle... Theriaca communis, common treacle, or molasses... Theriaca Londinensis, a cataplasm of cummin seed, bay-berries, germander, snake⁓root, cloves and honey.]
βc1440Pallad. on Husb. iii. 1100 Vyn tiriake [v.r. Vyntariake] is also now to make..The bite of euery best me shal escape. Ibid. 1118 Also tiriake [v.r. Tyriake] Ys good to take and..Heeld on theyr rootes ofte.
γ1568G. Skeyne The Pest (1860) 24 One half vnce of guid auld theriac. 1658Rowland Moufet's Theat. Ins. 1005 Oyl of Quinces is commended as the certain Theriack for this disease. 1665–6Phil. Trans. I. 160 The great number of Vipers, brought to the Grand Duke of Toscany for the composing of Theriac or Treacle. 1674S. Jeake Arith. (1696) b ij b, As when the skilful Artist to compose His mighty Theriaque; Weighs the Critick Dose. 1751Student II. 344 When the disease was young, it was mitigated with..crabs eyes;..theriac and vinegar. 1862Beveridge Hist. India I. i. v. 108 Tiriak of Khutta, a medicine..then in high repute as an antidote. 1890Athenæum 19 Apr. 496/3 Such tisane or theriac as the science of the time could furnish.
B. adj. = theriacal.
c1440Vyn tiriake = med.L. vīnum tiriacum [see β above]. 1857Dunglison Med. Lex. s.v. Theriaca, ‘Theriac’ and ‘Theriacal’ have been used adjectively for ‘medicinal’. |