| 释义 |
▪ I. theow, thew, n. and a. Now only Hist. or arch.
Forms: α. 1 þeow (fem. þeowe, pl. þeowas), ðiow, 2–3 þeu, 3 þeou, (Orm.) þeoww, þeww, (9 theow(e). β. 1 þeowa (fem. þeowe, pl. þeowan), ðiowa, ðiuwa, ðiua, ðeua, ðea, 2–3 þeowe, 3 þeue, 4 þewe.
[OE. ðíow, þéow, þéo, str. masc., = OHG. deo, dio, ON. (Runic) þewar, Goth. þius:—OTeut. *þewoz; beside OE. þeow str. fem., = OS. thiu, thiwi, OHG., MHG. diu, ON. þý, Goth. þiwi:—OTeut. *þewjô. Also weak ns. þéowa (masc.), þéowe (fem.); cf. OS. thiwa. þéowa, -e have the weak inflexion of the adj.]
A. n. A slave, bondman, thrall.
c893K. ælfred Oros. i. i. §22 Þa þeowan drincað medo. c897― Gregory's Past. C. Pref. 4 Micel meniᵹu Godes ðeowa [Hatton MS. ðiowa]. a950Rituale Dunelm. (Surtees) 170 Besih ofer vsiᵹ ðea ðino [L. famulos tuos]. c950Lindisf. Gosp. Matt. viii. 9 Ic cueðo..ðeua [Rushw. ðeow] minum do ðis & does. c1000Ags. Gosp. Matt. xviii 28 Þa se þeowa [Hatton þeowe] ut-eode he ᵹemette hys efen⁓þeowan. Ibid. xx. 27 Sy he eower þeow [Lindisf. ðea vel ðeᵹn, Rushw. esne]. c1200Trin. Coll. Hom. 181 Ðus was adam þeu, þo godes muð cursede eorðe. c1200Ormin Introd. 31 Adam wass wurrþenn deofless þeoww. Ibid. 7454 An defless þeww. c1205Lay. 29390 Þenne moste he libben þeou a þisse londe. c1320Cast. Love 249 Þeuwe and þral may not craue Þorw riht non heritage to haue.
Hist. and arch.1819Scott Ivanhoe xxxii, Theow and Esne art thou no longer. 1839Keightley Hist. Eng. I. 75 Beneath these orders of freemen were the Theowes or slaves... This word ðeow seems to have left no trace in the modern languages. 1865Lecky Ration. II. vi. 260 All the civil laws for the protection of the theows, or Saxon slaves, appear to have been preceded by, and based upon, the Canon law. 1874Stubbs Const. Hist. I. v. 78 The theow or slave simple, whether wealh—that is, of British extraction..or of the common German stock.
b. A female slave, a bondwoman.
a900tr. Bæda's Hist. iv. xii. [ix.] (1890) 290 Seo fore⁓sprecene Cristes þeowe. c950Lindisf. Gosp. Matt. xxvi. 69 An ðiua [Rushw. menen vel þeowæ] cueð. Ibid. Luke xii. 45 ᵹife..esne..onginneð..slaa ða cnæhtas & ðiuwas [Rushw. ða ðiowe, Vulg. pueros et ancillas]. 1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. vi. xii. (Tollem. MS.), Sche is þewe and þralle er he be bore.
†B. adj. [OE. þéow, pl. þéowe; later pl. þewe, thue.] Servile, slavish; ‘bond’. Obs.
c888K. ælfred Boeth. xli. §2 ᵹif him sceolden þiowe men þenian. c893― Oros. iii. vi. §3 Hit þurh ænne þeowne mon ᵹeypped wearð. c1000ælfric Gram. ix. (Z.) 67 Hic manceps, þes ðeowa mann. Ibid. xv. 101 Meis mancipiis diuido denarios, minum ðeowum mannum ic dæle peneᵹas. a1023Wulfstan Hom. xxxix. (Napier) 181 Þeowemen þa ðriᵹ daᵹas beon weorces ᵹefreode. c1205Lay. 334 Al heo weren þeowe [c 1275 þeue]. a1225St. Marher. 4 Cuð me..ȝef þu art foster of freo monne oðer þeow wummon. c1290Beket 279 in S. Eng. Leg. I. 114 Þat word was sone wide couth a-mong þeuwe and freo. 1297R. Glouc. (Rolls) 9657 Þuman ne may nowȝt be imad aȝen is louerdes wille fre. c1300Havelok 2205 Alle samen, þeu and fre. c1400St. Alexius (Laud 463) 2 Ȝong & olde, thewe & freo.
▪ II. † theow, thew, v. Obs.
Forms: 1 þeowian, 1–2 þewian, 2 þowie, þeowien, 3 þiwien.
[OE. þéowian, f. þéow, theow n.]
trans. To be a serf or servant to; to serve, minister. (In OE. intr. with dat., or absol.)
c888K. ælfred Boeth. xxi. §1 Þa ðeowiað ealle þa þe ðeowiað, ᵹe ða þe cunnon ᵹe þa þe ne cunnon. Ibid. xxxix. §13 Hi ne mihton elles bion, ᵹif hi ne ðiowedon hiora fruman. c975Rushw. Gosp. Matt. iv. 10 To dryhtne þinum gode ðu to ᵹebidde & him anum ðewiᵹe. c1000Ags. Gosp. Luke xvi. 13 Ne mæᵹ nan þeow twam hlafordum þeowian [c 1160 Hatton G. þewian]. a1175Cott. Hom. 241 Nan ne mai twan hlaforde..samod þowie. c1205Lay. 10015 Heo him wolden þiwien [c 1275 be þeouwe]. |