| 释义 |
▪ I. excrement1|ˈɛkskrɪmənt|
[a. F. excrément, ad. L. excrēment-um what is sifted out, f. excrē-, excernĕre (see excern, excrete), f. ex- out + cernĕre to sift.]
†1. That which remains after a process of sifting or refining; the dregs, lees, refuse. In quots. pl. only. Obs.
1576Baker Jewell of Health 161 b, When as in it shall no other be contayned or remaine then the excrementes of the sage. 1610Markham Masterp. ii. clxxiii. 501 Tartar is the excrements of wine, which sticke to the vessell. 1698J. Keill Exam. Th. Earth (1734) 299 This Earth..he stiles the very dregs and excrements of nature.
2. Phys.
a. ‘That which is cast out of the animal body by any of the natural emunctories’ (Syd. Soc. Lex.); superfluous matter thrown off by the bodily organs; an excreted substance. Now rare in general sense.
1565Cooper Thesaurus, Excrementum, the dregges or excrementes of digestion made in the bodie; as fleume, choler, melancholie, urine, sweate, snivell, spittel, milke, ordure. 1570–6Lambarde Peramb. Kent (1826) 289 Why doe they not..offer us their Spittle, and other excrements of the body to be kissed? 1607Topsell Four-f. Beasts (1673) 356 This excrement [urine] is meerly proper to four⁓footed living-beasts. 1658A. Fox tr. Wurtz' Surg. iii. iv. 227 Corruption is the excrement of wounds. 1725Bradley Fam. Dict. II. S iv b/2 The Nose serves to..give a Passage to a Sort of Excrement. 1745Berkeley Let. Wks. 1871 IV. 305 The gout..throws off a sharp excrement from the blood to the limbs.
transf.1577B. Googe Heresbach's Husb. iv. (1586) 180 b, Whether it [manna] bee the sweate or excrement of the Heavens, or a certaine spittle of the starres. 1751Chambers Cycl. s.v., Some hold ambergrise..an excrement of the sea.
b. esp. ‘The alvine fæces or the waste matter discharged from the bowels’ (Syd. Soc. Lex. 1884). Commonly pl. or collect. sing.; rarely sing. with an.
1533Elyot Cast. Helthe ii. (1541) 18 b, Breade haueing moch branne, fylleth the bealy with excrementes. 1555Eden Decades 213 The excremente which they auoyde is a lyuynge worme. 1678Marvell Growth Popery Wks. 1875 IV. 413 But..he is an ill woodman that knows not the size of the beast by the proportion of his excrement. 1704Swift T. Tub (1711) 209 A fly, driven from a Hony-pot, will..finish his Meal on an Excrement. 1843J. A. Smith Product. Farming (ed. 2) 88 The excrements of all animals contain less nitrogen than their food. 1875Darwin Insectiv. Pl. xiv. 326 Sausage-shaped masses of excrement.
†c. Superfluous matter thrown off by a plant. Obs.
1606L. Bryskett Civ. Life 43 Trees and plants..grow, bloome, and bring forth fruit; which fruit Aristotle sayth, cometh from them instead of excrement. 1664Power Exp. Philos. i. 29 How should an excrement [Cuckow-spitt] of so many several Plants, still breed one and the same Animal. 1751Chambers Cycl. s.v., Gums, diverse juices, balms, &c. issuing spontaneously from their respective trees, are sometimes called excrements.
3. fig. (In 16–17th c. often as an opprobrious designation of persons.)
1561T. Norton Calvin's Inst. Author's Pref., Abject sillie men we be..yea and if you will, certaine excrements and outcasts of the world. 1642Rogers Naaman 17 Ipta was thrown out for a base excrement from the family of Gilead. a1688Villiers (Dk. Buckhm.) Poems (1775) 142 Thou common-shore of this poetic town, Where all our excrements of wit are thrown.
▪ II. † ˈexcrement2 Obs.
[ad. L. excrēment-um, f. excrē-, excrēscĕre, f. ex- out + crēscĕre to grow.]
1. That which grows out or forth; an outgrowth; said esp. of hair, nails, feathers.
1588Shakes. L.L.L. v. i. 109 It will please his Grace..to dallie with my excrement, with my mustachio. 1609C. Butler Fem. Mon. i. (1623) Cj, Men, beasts and fowles..haue outwardly some offensive excrement, as haire, or feathers. 1615W. Hull Mirr. Maj. A iv a, Siluer and gold, the white and yellow excrements of the earth? 1688R. Holme Armoury ii. 85/2 Agarick, an Excrement or hard Mushroom, growing out of the sides of old Trees. 1705W. Bosman Guinea xiv. 236 That Excrement in the Negroes being more like Wool than hair.
b. A growth, product.
1616Surfl. & Markh. Country Farme 507 The excrements of the poole..are the frogge and the creuisse.
2. fig. (When the notion is that of ‘superfluous outgrowth’, this is sometimes not easily distinguished from the fig. use of excrement1.)
1549Compl. Scot. vi. 59 The myst, it is the excrement or the superfluite of the cluddis. 1590Nashe Pasquil's Apol. i. A iiij b, Our Religion in England is no newe excrement of the braine of man. 1606Warner Alb. Eng. xv. xciv. (1612) 376 Wit so is wisedomes Excrement. a1677Barrow Serm. Wks. 1716 I. 322 Unwilling to part with the very superfluities and excrements of their fortune.
3. abstr. Growth, increase, augmentation.
1607Topsell Serpents (1653) 653 Otherwise they [great Worms] would increase after the same sort in all respects, as the common Wasps do. The excrement is only in the small Worms. 1609Dowland Ornith. Microl. 47 Augmentation..is the excrement of some Note. For in it is put a Minime for a Semibreefe.
▪ III. † ˈexcrement, v. Obs. rare—1.
[f. excrement n.]
intr. To void excrement.
1632Lithgow Trav. viii. 347 [She] had neyther eate, nor drunke, nor yet excremented for thirteene yeares. |